古城地区鹰山组储层特征及成岩孔隙演化
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摘要
针对古城地区鹰山组孔隙在成岩历史中演化的问题,基于岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、阴极发光、测井资料以及地球化学数据分析,对目的层岩石学特征、成岩作用和储层特征几个方面进行了研究。结果表明,古城地区鹰山组储层岩石类型以石灰岩与白云岩为主,其中,白云岩多分布于鹰山组下部,且细晶自形—半自形白云岩和中—粗晶它形白云岩表现出相对较好的孔渗性,储集空间以晶间孔隙、晶间溶孔及裂缝为主,形成的主要储层类性为裂缝型、孔隙型和裂缝—孔洞型。研究区成岩作用对储层储集性能影响较大,其中,早期胶结作用、压实压溶作用、硅化作用以及热液矿物的充填对原生孔隙起破坏作用,浅埋藏白云石化作用、破裂作用、热液溶蚀作用为建设性成岩作用。由于过渡白云石化作用的影响,白云岩晶间孔隙发育程度较低,热液溶蚀作用对优质储层的形成起关键性作用。
This study focuses on the pore evolution during the diagenetic period of the Yingshan Formation in the Gucheng region in the Tarim Basin. Specifically, the petrophysical characteristics, diagenetic effect, and reservoir characteristics of the target layers are investigated based on the analysis of core description, flake identification, cathodoluminescence, well logging data, and geochemical data. The results show that reservoir rocks of Yingshan Formation in Gucheng region are primarily composed of limestone and dolomite. Of which, the dolomite is mostly distributed in the lower section of the Yingshan Formation.Furthermore, the fine grained automorphic-semi-automorphic dolomite and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite both exhibit relatively good porosity. The reservoir space is mainly made up of intercrystalline pores, intercrystalline pores and cracks,which forms three types of reservoirs including the crack type, pore type, and crack-hole type reservoirs. The diagenetic effect has a significant impact on the storing performance of the reservoir in the research region. In particular, the early cementation,compaction and pressure dissolution, silieidation, and filling of hydrothermal minerals have a destructive effect on the primary pores. The dolonitization, rupture, and hydrothermal dissolution in the shallow burial are constructive diagenetic effects.Affected by the transitional dolomitization, the intercrystalline pores in dolomites exhibit a low degree of development. The hydrothermal dissolution effect plays a key role in the formation of high-quality reservoir.
This study focuses on the pore evolution during the diagenetic period of the Yingshan Formation in the Gucheng region in the Tarim Basin. Specifically, the petrophysical characteristics, diagenetic effect, and reservoir characteristics of the target layers are investigated based on the analysis of core description, flake identification, cathodoluminescence, well logging data, and geochemical data. The results show that reservoir rocks of Yingshan Formation in Gucheng region are primarily composed of limestone and dolomite. Of which, the dolomite is mostly distributed in the lower section of the Yingshan Formation.Furthermore, the fine grained automorphic-semi-automorphic dolomite and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite both exhibit relatively good porosity. The reservoir space is mainly made up of intercrystalline pores, intercrystalline pores and cracks,which forms three types of reservoirs including the crack type, pore type, and crack-hole type reservoirs. The diagenetic effect has a significant impact on the storing performance of the reservoir in the research region. In particular, the early cementation,compaction and pressure dissolution, silieidation, and filling of hydrothermal minerals have a destructive effect on the primary pores. The dolonitization, rupture, and hydrothermal dissolution in the shallow burial are constructive diagenetic effects.Affected by the transitional dolomitization, the intercrystalline pores in dolomites exhibit a low degree of development. The hydrothermal dissolution effect plays a key role in the formation of high-quality reservoir.
引文
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[2]魏国齐,贾承造.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002, 47(z1):1-8.
[3]田明峰,夏桂兰,丛培泓,等.塔里木盆地古城地区寒武一奥陶系走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[C].宜昌:中国石油学会2015年物探技术研讨会,2015.
[4]吴斌,何登发,孙方源.塔里木盆地古城低凸起下古生界的断裂特征及成因机制[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(5):871—879. doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.-2015.05.0871WU Bin, HE Dengfa, SUN Fangyuan. Fault characteristic and genetic mechanism of the Lower Paleozoic in Gucheng lower uplift, Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(5):871-879. doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2015.05.0871
[5]姜华,张艳秋,潘文庆,等.塔北隆起英买2井区碳酸盐岩储层特征及岩溶模式[J].石油学报,2013, 34(2):232-238. doi:10.7623/syxb201302004JIANG Hua, ZHANG Yanqiu, PAN Wenqing, et al. Carbonate reservoir features and karst mode in the Yingmai-2 well field of Tabei uplift[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013,34(2):232-238. doi:10.7623/syxb201302004
[6] GREGG J M, LAUDON P R, WOODY R E, et al. Porosity evolution of the Cambrian Bonneterre Dolomite, southeastern Missouri, USA[J]. Sedimentology, 1993, 40(6):1153-1169. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1993.tb01385.x
[7] WOODY R E, GREGG J M.KOEDERITZ L F. Effect of texture on petrophysical properties of dolomite:Evidence from the Cambrian-Ordovician of southeastern Missouri[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1996, 80(1):119-131. doi:10.-1306/64ed8764-1724-11d7-8645000102c1865d
[8]王小林,胡文瑄,张军涛,等.白云岩物质组分与结构对微孔储集体系形成的制约——以塔里木盆地下古生界白云岩为例[J].天然气地球科学,2008, 19(3):320-326. doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2008.03.320WANG Xiaolin, HU Wenxuan, ZHANG Juntao, et al.Dolomite composition and texture constrain the tormation of micropore reservoir:An example from Low Paleozoic Dolomite, Tarim Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2008,19(3):320-326. doi:10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2008.03.-320
[9]LONGMAN M W. Carbonate diagenetic textures from nearshore diagenetic environments[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1980,64(4):461-487. doi:10.1306/2f918a63-16ce-11d7-8645000102c1865d
[10]AMTHOR J E, FRIEDMAN G M. Dolomite-rock textures and secondary porosity development in Ellenburger Group carbonates(Lower Ordovician), west Texas and southeastern New Mexico[J]. Sedimentology, 2010,38(2):343-362. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1991.tb01264.x
[11]SMITH L B. Origin and reservoir characteristics of Upper Ordovician Trenton-Black River hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in New York[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(11):1691-1718. doi:10.1306/04260605078
[12]MALIVA R G, BUDD D A, CLAYTON E A, et al. Insights into the dolomitization process and porosity modification in sucrosic dolostones, Avon Park Formation(Middle Eocene), East-Central Florida, U. S. A[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2011, 81(3-4):263-276. doi:10.-2110/jsr.2011.18
[13]何治亮,高志前,张军涛,等.层序界面类型及其对优质碳酸盐岩储层形成与分布的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):853-859. doi:10.11743/ogg20140612HE Zhiliang, GAO Zhiqian, ZHANG Juntao, et al. Types of sequence boundaries and their control over formation and distribution of quality carbonate reservoirs[J].Oil and Gas Geology, 2014, 35(6):853-859. doi:10.-11743/ogg20140612
[14]刘迪,张哨楠,谢世文,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组层序地层特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2014,33(1):55-64. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.-2014.01.007LIU Di, ZHANG Shaonan, XIE Shiwen, et al. Characteristics of sequence stratigraphy of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Central Part of Tarim Basin[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2014, 33(1):55-64. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2014.01.007
[15]田艳红,刘树根,赵异华,等.四川盆地中部龙王庙组储层成岩作用[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 41(6):671-683. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.-2014.06.02TIAN Yanhong, LIU Shugen, ZHAO Yihua, et al. Diagenesis of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in central area of Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Techno-logy Edition), 2014, 41(6):671-683. doi:10.3969/j.issn.-1671-9727.2014.06.02
[16]张静,罗平.塔里木盆地奥陶系孔隙型白云岩储层成因[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(5):470-474. doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2010.05.011ZHANG Jing, LUO Ping. Genesis of Orvician matrixporsity dolomite reservoir in the Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2010,32(5):470-474. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6112.2010.05.011
[17]钱一雄,余腾孝,周凌方,等.麦盖提斜坡东部构造带奥陶系岩相、成岩作用带与储层成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):870—882.doi:10.11743/ogg20140614QIAN Yixiong, YU Tengxiao, ZHOU Lingfang, et al.Lithofacies, diagenesis zone and reservoir origin of the Ordovician in eastern tectonic belt of the Maigaiti slope[J].Oil&Gas Geology, 2014,35(6):870-882. doi:10.11743/-ogg20140614
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