Utilizing vector hydrophones to achieve an active anechoic terminal in an acoustic tube
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摘要
A new integrated active sound absorptive terminal using vector hydrophones is developed for the anechoic terminal of impedance tube,with which the reflected and the incident waves can be separated.The method overcomes the limitations imposed by the sensor spacing and measuring frequency range in the traditional two-hydrophone method,and can effectively expand low-frequency sound absorption band of the terminal.The effect of hydrophone sensitivity on the sound absorptive performance of the terminal is evaluated,a correction method is also provided for the reflection and transmission coefficient.The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient in the frequency band of 0.1-2 kHz is over 0.98,which agrees well with the theoretical results.
A new integrated active sound absorptive terminal using vector hydrophones is developed for the anechoic terminal of impedance tube,with which the reflected and the incident waves can be separated.The method overcomes the limitations imposed by the sensor spacing and measuring frequency range in the traditional two-hydrophone method,and can effectively expand low-frequency sound absorption band of the terminal.The effect of hydrophone sensitivity on the sound absorptive performance of the terminal is evaluated,a correction method is also provided for the reflection and transmission coefficient.The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient in the frequency band of 0.1-2 kHz is over 0.98,which agrees well with the theoretical results.
A new integrated active sound absorptive terminal using vector hydrophones is developed for the anechoic terminal of impedance tube,with which the reflected and the incident waves can be separated.The method overcomes the limitations imposed by the sensor spacing and measuring frequency range in the traditional two-hydrophone method,and can effectively expand low-frequency sound absorption band of the terminal.The effect of hydrophone sensitivity on the sound absorptive performance of the terminal is evaluated,a correction method is also provided for the reflection and transmission coefficient.The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient in the frequency band of 0.1-2 kHz is over 0.98,which agrees well with the theoretical results.
引文
[1] Chung J Y,Blaser D A.Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties,I:Theory.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980;68(3):907-913
[2] Chung J Y,Blaser D A.Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties,II:Experiment.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980;68(3):914-921
[3] Seybert A F,Ross D F.Experimental determination of acoustic properties using a two-microphone random-excitation technique.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1977;61(5):1362-1370
[4] Tao Z,Seybert A F.A review of current techniques for measuring muffler transmission loss.SAE Technical Paper,2003-01-1653
[5] Song B H,Bolton J S.A transfer matrix approach for estimating the characteristic impedance and wave numbers of limp and rigid porous materials.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2000;107(3):1131-1152
[6] Lung T Y,Doige A G.A time-averaging transient testing method for acoustic properties of piping systems and mufflers.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1983;73(3):867-876
[7] Munjal M L,Doige A G.Theory of a two source-location method for direct experimental evaluation of the four-pole parameters of an aeroacoustic element.J.Sound Vib.,1990;141(2):323-333
[8] Olivieri O,Bolton J S,Yoo T.Measurement of transmission loss of materials using a standing wave tube.Proc.Inter-Noise,Honolulu,HI,USA,2006
[9] Piquette J C,Forsythe S E.Low-frequency echo-reduction and insertion-loss measurements from small passive-material samples under ocean environmental temperatures and hydrostatic pressures.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2001;110(4):106-110
[10] Sun L,Hou H.Measurement of sound absorption by underwater acoustic material using pulseseparation method.Appl.Acoust.,2014;85(11):106-110
[11] Dai Y,Yang J H,Hou H et al.The absorption coefficient measurement of underwater materials in a water tube by using the wide-band pulse method.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2017;36(2):180-194
[12] ASTM E1050-08.Standard test method for impedance and absorption of acoustical materials using a tube,two microphones and a digital frequency analysis system.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2008:1-11
[13] ASTM E2611-09.Standard test method for measurement of normal incidence sound transmission of acoustical materials based on the transfer matrix method.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2009:1-14
[14] ASTM E1050-12.Standard test method for impedance and absorption of acoustical materials using a tube,two microphones and a digital frequency analysis system.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2012:1-12
[15] ASTM E2611-17.Standard test method for normal incidence determination of porous material acoustical properties based on the transfer matrix method.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2017:1-14
[16] Kunio J,Yoo T,Bolton S et al.A comparison of two and four microphone standing wave tube procedures for estimating the normal incidence absorption coefficient.Proc.Inter-Noise,Ottawa,Canada,2009
[17] Salissou Y,Panneton R,Doutres O.Three-microphone two-cavity method for measuring sound transmission loss in a modified impedance tube.Can.Acoust.,2011;39(3):16-17
[18] Salissou Y,Panneton R,Doutres O.Complement to standard method for measuring normal incidence sound transmission loss with three microphones.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2012;131(3):EL216-222
[19] Bao X Q,Varadan V K,Varadan V V.Model of a bilaminar actuator for active acoustic control systems.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1990;87(3):1350-1352
[20] Howarth T R,Varadan V K,Bao X Q et al.Piezocomposite coating for active underwater sound reduction.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1992;91(2):823-831
[21] Howarth T R,Bao X Q,Moser R et al.Digital time delay network for an active underwater acoustic coating.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1993;93(3):1613-1619
[22] Gentry C A,Guigou C,Fuller C R.Smart foam for applications in passive-active noise radiation control.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1997;101(4):1771-1778
[23] Zhu H,Rajamani R,Stelson K A.Active control of acoustic reflection,absorption,and transmission using thin panel speakers.J.Acoustic.Soc.Am.,2003;113(2):852-870
[24] Li S,Luo M Q,Fan J L et al.Traveling wave tube measurements for low-frequency properties of underwater acoustic materials.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2007;26(4):301-312
[25] Li S,Luo M Q.Uncertainty analysis of traveling wave tube measurement method for low-frequency of underwater acoustic materials.Tech.Acoust.(in Chinese),2009;28(4):63-66
[26] Sun G Q,Li Q H.Progress of study on acoustic vector sensor.Acta Acustica(in Chinese),2004;29(6):481-490
[27] Sun G Q,Li Q H.Acoustic vector sensor signal processing.Acta Acustica(in Chinese),2004;29(6):491-498
[2] Chung J Y,Blaser D A.Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties,II:Experiment.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980;68(3):914-921
[3] Seybert A F,Ross D F.Experimental determination of acoustic properties using a two-microphone random-excitation technique.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1977;61(5):1362-1370
[4] Tao Z,Seybert A F.A review of current techniques for measuring muffler transmission loss.SAE Technical Paper,2003-01-1653
[5] Song B H,Bolton J S.A transfer matrix approach for estimating the characteristic impedance and wave numbers of limp and rigid porous materials.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2000;107(3):1131-1152
[6] Lung T Y,Doige A G.A time-averaging transient testing method for acoustic properties of piping systems and mufflers.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1983;73(3):867-876
[7] Munjal M L,Doige A G.Theory of a two source-location method for direct experimental evaluation of the four-pole parameters of an aeroacoustic element.J.Sound Vib.,1990;141(2):323-333
[8] Olivieri O,Bolton J S,Yoo T.Measurement of transmission loss of materials using a standing wave tube.Proc.Inter-Noise,Honolulu,HI,USA,2006
[9] Piquette J C,Forsythe S E.Low-frequency echo-reduction and insertion-loss measurements from small passive-material samples under ocean environmental temperatures and hydrostatic pressures.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2001;110(4):106-110
[10] Sun L,Hou H.Measurement of sound absorption by underwater acoustic material using pulseseparation method.Appl.Acoust.,2014;85(11):106-110
[11] Dai Y,Yang J H,Hou H et al.The absorption coefficient measurement of underwater materials in a water tube by using the wide-band pulse method.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2017;36(2):180-194
[12] ASTM E1050-08.Standard test method for impedance and absorption of acoustical materials using a tube,two microphones and a digital frequency analysis system.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2008:1-11
[13] ASTM E2611-09.Standard test method for measurement of normal incidence sound transmission of acoustical materials based on the transfer matrix method.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2009:1-14
[14] ASTM E1050-12.Standard test method for impedance and absorption of acoustical materials using a tube,two microphones and a digital frequency analysis system.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2012:1-12
[15] ASTM E2611-17.Standard test method for normal incidence determination of porous material acoustical properties based on the transfer matrix method.ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA,2017:1-14
[16] Kunio J,Yoo T,Bolton S et al.A comparison of two and four microphone standing wave tube procedures for estimating the normal incidence absorption coefficient.Proc.Inter-Noise,Ottawa,Canada,2009
[17] Salissou Y,Panneton R,Doutres O.Three-microphone two-cavity method for measuring sound transmission loss in a modified impedance tube.Can.Acoust.,2011;39(3):16-17
[18] Salissou Y,Panneton R,Doutres O.Complement to standard method for measuring normal incidence sound transmission loss with three microphones.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2012;131(3):EL216-222
[19] Bao X Q,Varadan V K,Varadan V V.Model of a bilaminar actuator for active acoustic control systems.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1990;87(3):1350-1352
[20] Howarth T R,Varadan V K,Bao X Q et al.Piezocomposite coating for active underwater sound reduction.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1992;91(2):823-831
[21] Howarth T R,Bao X Q,Moser R et al.Digital time delay network for an active underwater acoustic coating.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1993;93(3):1613-1619
[22] Gentry C A,Guigou C,Fuller C R.Smart foam for applications in passive-active noise radiation control.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1997;101(4):1771-1778
[23] Zhu H,Rajamani R,Stelson K A.Active control of acoustic reflection,absorption,and transmission using thin panel speakers.J.Acoustic.Soc.Am.,2003;113(2):852-870
[24] Li S,Luo M Q,Fan J L et al.Traveling wave tube measurements for low-frequency properties of underwater acoustic materials.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2007;26(4):301-312
[25] Li S,Luo M Q.Uncertainty analysis of traveling wave tube measurement method for low-frequency of underwater acoustic materials.Tech.Acoust.(in Chinese),2009;28(4):63-66
[26] Sun G Q,Li Q H.Progress of study on acoustic vector sensor.Acta Acustica(in Chinese),2004;29(6):481-490
[27] Sun G Q,Li Q H.Acoustic vector sensor signal processing.Acta Acustica(in Chinese),2004;29(6):491-498
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