湖北鹤峰地区二叠系大隆组页岩气储层特征及评价
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摘要
根据6条露头剖面和HD1井薄片的详细观测,并借助偏光显微镜、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜和有机碳含量(TOC)分析,常规孔隙度和渗透率分析,以及比表面积和孔径分析等,对湖北鹤峰地区二叠系大隆组黑色岩系的储层进行了研究。结果表明,研究区大隆组具备发育页岩气的基本地质条件:岩石类型以富有机质的泥页岩为主,局部夹碳酸盐岩和薄层状硅质岩,脆性矿物含量较高,这有利于后期成岩流体的改造和页岩气开发阶段的水力压裂改造;有机质含量多大于2%,热演化程度较高(Ro平均为2.38%),且为利于生成油裂解气的Ⅰ型干酪根,富有机质的黑色岩系沉积厚度较大(介于30.3～38.0 m),具有较高的生烃能力;储集性能在纵向上变化不大,总体表现为低孔—特低孔、特低渗特征,有机质孔隙和矿物基质孔中的微孔和中孔是页岩比表面积的主要贡献者,它们构成了气体吸附的主要场所。HD1井大隆组埋藏较浅,断裂复杂且较发育,这可能是造成大隆组生烃条件优异而含气量相对较少的原因。因此,保存条件应是控制鹤峰地区大隆组页岩气含气量的主要因素,保存条件较好的鹤峰向斜发育区应为页岩气有利区。
Based on detailed observation of the 6 outcrop profiles and thin sections of well HD1, and in combination with polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the analysis of total organic carbon content and reservoir physical property, the reservoir characteristics of black rock series of Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Hefeng Area, Hubei Province, is studied. It has excellent basic geological conditions for shale gas of Dalong Formation in the study area. The main rock type is the mud shale rich in organic matters with intercalated carbonate and thin-layer siliceous rock, and high content of brittle minerals, which is conducive to the later diagenetic fluid transformation and the forming of hydraulic fracturing in the stage of shale gas development. It has higher hydrocarbon generation ability of black rock series of Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Hefeng Area, due to the high TOC(most of >2%) and high thermal evolution degree(average Ro=2.38%), type Ⅰ of kerogen, and relatively large deposition thickness(between 30.3 ～38.0 m). The reservoir is generally characterized with low-ultra-low porosity and low permeability with approximately uniform physical properties in vertical. Micropores and mesopores in the organic matter and mineral matrix are the main contributors to shale specific surface area,which forming the main places of gas adsorption. Dalong Formation in well HD1 buried shallowly with complex faults developing nearby, which may be the reason why the hydrocarbon generation conditions are such excellent but the gas content in Dalong Formation is relatively low. Hefeng syncline with better preservation condition is the favorable area for shale gas,because preservation condition may be the main factor to control shale gas content of Dalong Formation in the study area.
Based on detailed observation of the 6 outcrop profiles and thin sections of well HD1, and in combination with polarizing microscope, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the analysis of total organic carbon content and reservoir physical property, the reservoir characteristics of black rock series of Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Hefeng Area, Hubei Province, is studied. It has excellent basic geological conditions for shale gas of Dalong Formation in the study area. The main rock type is the mud shale rich in organic matters with intercalated carbonate and thin-layer siliceous rock, and high content of brittle minerals, which is conducive to the later diagenetic fluid transformation and the forming of hydraulic fracturing in the stage of shale gas development. It has higher hydrocarbon generation ability of black rock series of Upper Permian Dalong Formation in Hefeng Area, due to the high TOC(most of >2%) and high thermal evolution degree(average Ro=2.38%), type Ⅰ of kerogen, and relatively large deposition thickness(between 30.3 ～38.0 m). The reservoir is generally characterized with low-ultra-low porosity and low permeability with approximately uniform physical properties in vertical. Micropores and mesopores in the organic matter and mineral matrix are the main contributors to shale specific surface area,which forming the main places of gas adsorption. Dalong Formation in well HD1 buried shallowly with complex faults developing nearby, which may be the reason why the hydrocarbon generation conditions are such excellent but the gas content in Dalong Formation is relatively low. Hefeng syncline with better preservation condition is the favorable area for shale gas,because preservation condition may be the main factor to control shale gas content of Dalong Formation in the study area.
引文
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[2]蔡雄飞,张志峰,彭兴芳,等.鄂湘黔桂地区大隆组的沉积特征及与烃源岩的关系[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2007,32(6):774-780.
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[6]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.四川盆地及邻区上二叠统—下三叠统海槽的深水沉积特征[J].石油天然气地质,2006,27(5):702-714.
[7]黄文明,刘树根,马文辛,等.川东南—鄂西渝东地区下古生界页岩气勘探前景[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):364-371.
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[9]舒志国.中扬子湘鄂西区构造演化特征[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2014,36(10):8-12.
[10]王鹏万,陈子炓,贺训云,等.桂中坳陷泥盆系页岩气成藏条件与有利区带评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(3):353-363.
[11]付小东,秦建中,腾格尔,等.四川盆地北缘上二叠统大隆组烃源岩评价[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(6):566-571.
[12]杨飞,叶建中.川东南—湘鄂西地区构造特征与页岩气勘探潜力[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2011:1-11.
[13]何治亮,汪新伟,李双建,等.中上扬子地区燕山运动及其对油气保存的影响[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(1):1-11.
[14]梅廉夫,刘昭茜,汤济广,等.湘鄂西—川东中生代陆内递进扩展变形:来自裂变径迹和平衡剖面的证据[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2010,35(2):161-174.
[15]毛黎光,肖安成,魏国齐,等.扬子地块北缘晚古生代—早中生代裂谷系统的分布及成因分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):721-731.
[16]肖安成,魏国齐,沈中延,等.扬子地块与南秦岭造山带的盆山系统与构造耦合[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):601-611.
[17]施春华,曹剑,胡凯,等.黑色岩系矿床成因及其海水、热水与生物有机成矿作用[J].地学前缘,2013,20(1):19-31.
[18]殷鸿福,丁梅华,张克信,等.扬子区及其周缘东吴—印支期生态地层学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:38-68.
[19]吴胜和,冯增昭,何幼斌.中下扬子地区二叠纪缺氧环境研究[J].沉积学报,1994,12(2):29-36.
[20]田洋,赵小明,牛志军,等.鄂西南利川二叠纪吴家坪组硅质岩成因及沉积环境[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):590-599.
[21]马永生,牟传龙,谭钦银,等.关于开江—梁平海槽的认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):326-331.
[22]刚文哲,高岗,郝石生,等.论乙烷碳同位素在天然气成因类型研究中的应用[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):164-167.
[23]张晓明,石万忠,徐清海,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩气储层特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):926-939.
[24]李昂,石文睿,袁志华,等.涪陵页岩气田焦石坝海相页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].非常规油气,2016,3(1):27-34.
[25]于炳松.页岩气储层孔隙分类与表征[J].地学前缘,2013,20(4):211-220.
[26]王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组页岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.
[27]龙鹏宇,张金川,姜文利,等.渝页1井储层孔隙发育特征及其影响因素分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(10):3954-3963.
[28]郭彤楼,刘若冰.复杂构造区高演化程度海相页岩气勘探突破的启示:以四川盆地东部盆缘JY1井为例[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):643-651.
[29]梁冰,代媛媛,陈天宇,等.复杂地质条件页岩气勘探开发区块灰关联度优选[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):524-530.
[30]LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C. Mississippian Barnett Shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas[J]. AAPG bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[31]HICKEY J J,HENK B. Lithofacies summary of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Mitchell 2 T.P. Sims well,Wise County,Texas[J]. AAPG bulletin,2007,91(4):437-443.
[32]ABOUELRESH M O, SLATT R M. Lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Barnett Shale in east-central Fort Worth Basin, Texas[J]. AAPG bulletin,2012,96(1):1-22.
[33]BOWKER K A. Barnett Shale gas production,Fort Worth Basin:issues and discussion[J]. AAPG bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[34]JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al. Unconventional shale-gas systems:the Mississippian Barnett Shale of northcentral Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J]. AAPG bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[35]ROSS D J K,BUSTIN M R. Characterizing the shale gas resource potential of Devonian-Mississippian strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin:application of an integrated formation evaluation[J]. AAPG bulletin,2008,92(1):87-125.
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