效率与公平视角下的应急公交接驳调度优化
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摘要
城市地铁突发故障后,需要采用高效的应急公交接驳方法疏散滞留乘客,减小社会和经济损失.建立两阶段优化模型,对每辆车从存车点出发后依次前往各站运输乘客的接驳过程进行决策.阶段1,从管理部门角度最小化疏散时间;阶段2,在此基础上,从乘客角度降低乘客延误,优化目标分别考虑了效率与公平原则.由于现有优化软件求解阶段2效率过低,构造了针对性的禁忌搜索(TS)算法提高求解速度.最终通过算例验证了算法和模型的可行性,对比了效率与公平原则下的疏散效果,展示了两者的权衡关系:效率原则可能导致乘客服务水平不均;而公平原则提供了更均衡的疏散服务,但系统延误相对更高.
Efficient bus bridging strategy during metro disruptions is needed to evacuate passengers to reduce the social and economic loss. We propose a two-stage model to assign each bus a bridging plan that lists the stations to visit in sequence since it is dispatched from the depot. Stage I is to minimize the evacuation time from the view of managers, while stage II is to reduce the passenger delay from the view of passengers. Two objectives, reflecting efficiency and equity respectively, are considered in stage II. Since the deficiency of existing commercial software in solving stage II, a modified Tabu Search(TS) algorithm is developed to improve the computation speed. Finally,a case study is presented to demonstrate the practicability of the algorithm and the model. Also, we discuss the trade-off between efficiency and equity by comparing the results: considering efficiency could lead to polarized results, while considering equity provides a more balanced service at the cost of increasing the delay for the whole system.
Efficient bus bridging strategy during metro disruptions is needed to evacuate passengers to reduce the social and economic loss. We propose a two-stage model to assign each bus a bridging plan that lists the stations to visit in sequence since it is dispatched from the depot. Stage I is to minimize the evacuation time from the view of managers, while stage II is to reduce the passenger delay from the view of passengers. Two objectives, reflecting efficiency and equity respectively, are considered in stage II. Since the deficiency of existing commercial software in solving stage II, a modified Tabu Search(TS) algorithm is developed to improve the computation speed. Finally,a case study is presented to demonstrate the practicability of the algorithm and the model. Also, we discuss the trade-off between efficiency and equity by comparing the results: considering efficiency could lead to polarized results, while considering equity provides a more balanced service at the cost of increasing the delay for the whole system.
引文
[1]沈犁,向阳,王周全,等.城市公共交通复合系统抗毁性仿真研究[J].运筹与管理, 2017, 26(9):105-112.[SHEN L, XIANG Y, WANG Z Q, et al. Invulnerability simulation analysis of urban public transit compound system[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2017, 26(9):105-112.]
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[10] GU W, LIU Y, JI Y, et al. Optimizing bus bridging strategies during metro disruptions considering bridging time and passenger delays; proceedings of the 17th COTA international conference of transportation[C].Shanghai:CICTP, 2018.
[11] GU W, YU J, JI Y, et al. Plan-based flexible bus bridging operation strategy[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies, 2018, 91(91):209-229.
[2] JIN J G, TANG L C, SUN L, et al. Enhancing metro network resilience via localized integration with bus services[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2014(63):17-30.
[3] CODINA E, MARíN A, LóPEZ F. A model for setting services on auxiliary bus lines under congestion[J]. Top,2013, 21(1):48-83.
[4] KEPAPTSOGLOU K, KARLAFTIS M G. The bus bridging problem in metro operations:Conceptual framework, models and algorithms[J]. Public Transport,2009, 1(4):275-297.
[5] WANG Y, GUO J, CURRIE G, et al. Bus bridging disruption in rail services with frustrated and impatient passengers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2014, 15(5):2014-2023.
[6] DENG Y, RU X, MA R, et al. Design of routing emergency shuttle bus for small-size metro railway network; proceedings of the transportation research board 95th annual meeting[C]. Washington DC, United States:Transportation Research Board, 2016.
[7]滕靖,徐瑞华.城市轨道交通突发事件下公交应急联动策略[J].铁道学报, 2010, 32(5):13-17.[TENG J,XU R H. Bus dispatching strategies in urban rail emergent events[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2010, 32(5):13-17.]
[8] PENDER B, CURRIE G, DELBOSC A, et al. Improving bus bridging responses via satellite bus reserve locations[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2014, 34(34):202-210.
[9] HU H, GAO Y, YU J, et al. Planning bus bridging evacuation during rail transit operation disruption[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 2016, 142(4):04016015.
[10] GU W, LIU Y, JI Y, et al. Optimizing bus bridging strategies during metro disruptions considering bridging time and passenger delays; proceedings of the 17th COTA international conference of transportation[C].Shanghai:CICTP, 2018.
[11] GU W, YU J, JI Y, et al. Plan-based flexible bus bridging operation strategy[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies, 2018, 91(91):209-229.