A Study on the Influencing Factors on Ground Motion in a Valley Site
|
摘要
A trapezoid valley site is chosen as a research site,and according to numerical models based on orthogonal design,the factors influencing ground motion in the valley site are studied with two-dimensional finite difference method. The influencing factors are ranked,and then the calculation results are verified by ground motion analysis. The conclusions are as follows:there are four factors that have important effects on ground motion of trapezoid valley sites,but the effects are different as the location of sites changes,the influencing factors rank differently with different site locations; The ranking of the influencing factors is the same for all the sites located within a distance of 40m from the valley's side,among them,the most effective one is the valley slope angle ranks,followed by depth-to-width ratio,overburden thickness,at last the input ground motion intensity.The impact of the factors on surface ground motion is roughly the same in the valley sites within a certain distance to the valley side,and the geometric parameters of the valley terrain play a greater part in influencing ground motion. With the increase of distance away from the valley's side,the ranking of the influencing factors also changes,the rating of slope angle moves backward,the ranking of the input ground motion and overburden thickness move ahead. The effect of valley geometric parameters on ground motions is gradually weakened,but the effect of other two influence factors are gradually increased,similar to cases of a horizontal layered site. Strong motion records in Anning River valley site were analyzed,and the results show that the valley topography has a significant amplification effect on ground motion,and that the numerical results of this paper are credible.
A trapezoid valley site is chosen as a research site,and according to numerical models based on orthogonal design,the factors influencing ground motion in the valley site are studied with two-dimensional finite difference method. The influencing factors are ranked,and then the calculation results are verified by ground motion analysis. The conclusions are as follows:there are four factors that have important effects on ground motion of trapezoid valley sites,but the effects are different as the location of sites changes,the influencing factors rank differently with different site locations; The ranking of the influencing factors is the same for all the sites located within a distance of 40m from the valley's side,among them,the most effective one is the valley slope angle ranks,followed by depth-to-width ratio,overburden thickness,at last the input ground motion intensity.The impact of the factors on surface ground motion is roughly the same in the valley sites within a certain distance to the valley side,and the geometric parameters of the valley terrain play a greater part in influencing ground motion. With the increase of distance away from the valley's side,the ranking of the influencing factors also changes,the rating of slope angle moves backward,the ranking of the input ground motion and overburden thickness move ahead. The effect of valley geometric parameters on ground motions is gradually weakened,but the effect of other two influence factors are gradually increased,similar to cases of a horizontal layered site. Strong motion records in Anning River valley site were analyzed,and the results show that the valley topography has a significant amplification effect on ground motion,and that the numerical results of this paper are credible.
A trapezoid valley site is chosen as a research site,and according to numerical models based on orthogonal design,the factors influencing ground motion in the valley site are studied with two-dimensional finite difference method. The influencing factors are ranked,and then the calculation results are verified by ground motion analysis. The conclusions are as follows:there are four factors that have important effects on ground motion of trapezoid valley sites,but the effects are different as the location of sites changes,the influencing factors rank differently with different site locations; The ranking of the influencing factors is the same for all the sites located within a distance of 40m from the valley's side,among them,the most effective one is the valley slope angle ranks,followed by depth-to-width ratio,overburden thickness,at last the input ground motion intensity.The impact of the factors on surface ground motion is roughly the same in the valley sites within a certain distance to the valley side,and the geometric parameters of the valley terrain play a greater part in influencing ground motion. With the increase of distance away from the valley's side,the ranking of the influencing factors also changes,the rating of slope angle moves backward,the ranking of the input ground motion and overburden thickness move ahead. The effect of valley geometric parameters on ground motions is gradually weakened,but the effect of other two influence factors are gradually increased,similar to cases of a horizontal layered site. Strong motion records in Anning River valley site were analyzed,and the results show that the valley topography has a significant amplification effect on ground motion,and that the numerical results of this paper are credible.
引文
Bordoni P.,Del Monaco F.,Milana G.,et al.The seismic response at high frequency in central L?Aquila:A comparison between spectral ratios of 2D modeling and observations of the 2009 aftershocks [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2014,104(3):1374-1388.
Che Wei,Luo Qifeng.Seismic wave propagation in complex topography [J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(9):1333-1337(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Qingjun,Zhang Wei,Xia Jiang.PC cluster parallel computing for 3D valley topography site under long-period seismic excitation [J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(3):263-268(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Yunque,He Yunlong.Research on valley seismic response under obliquely incident P-waves [J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2013,46(6):702-710(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Jingyu,Du Xiuli.Study on empirical transfer function of gorge free field ground motion [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(10):59-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong Jun,Zhao Chenggang.An analytic solution for the three-dimensional diffraction of plane SV-waves by hemispherical canyons in a fluid-saturated porous medium half space [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1412-1421 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Frischknecht C.,Wagner J.J.Seismic soil effect in an embanked deep alpine valley:a numerical investigation of two-dimensional resonance [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(1):171-186.
Gao Y.F.,Zhang N.,Li D.Y.,et al.Effects of topographic amplification induced by a U-shaped canyon on seismic waves [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012,102(4):1748-1763.
Jin Dandan,Chen Guoxing,Dong Feifan.2D analysis of nonlinear seismic effect characteristics of multi-geomorphic composite site [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1818-1825(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Feng,Zhang Chuhan,Wang Guanglun.A coupling FE-BE-IBE model for structure-foundation interactions [J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1993,33(2):17-25 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lee W.H.,White R.A.,Harlow D.H.,et al.Digital seismograms of selected aftershocks of the Northridge earthquake recorded by a dense seismic array on February 11,1994 at Cedar Hill Nursery in Tarzana,California [J].Open-File Report,1994,94-234.[S.l.]:U.S.Geological Survey.
Li Ping.The Research of Seismic Damage Anomalies in Hanyuan During Wenchuan Great Earthquake [D].Doctoral thesis.Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Yan Linjun,Li Junwei et al.Response of circular-arc alluvial valleys under incident plane P waves [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001b,22(2):138-143(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Yan Linjun,Lee V.W.Scattering of incident plane P waves by a circular-arc canyon with a covering layer [J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2002,23(4):397-411 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Zhang Yushan,Gu Xiaolu et al.Scattering of plane sh waves by a circular-arc layered canyon [J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2003,16(2):158-165(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Zhang Yushan,Gu Xiaolu et al.Surface motion of circular-arc layered alluvial valleys for incident plane SH waves [J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):396-401(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Yan Linjun,Lee V.W.Effects of a covering layer in a circular-arc canyon on incident plane SV waves [J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001a,23(6):622-636 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liao Zhenpeng.Introduction to Wave Motion Theories in Engineering(Second Edition) [M].Beijing:Science Press,2000(in Chinese).
Liao Zhenpeng,Huang Kongliang et al.Transmitting boundary in transient elastic wave propagation [J].Science in China(Ser.A),1986,27(6):556-564.
Liao Zhenpeng,Yang Baipo.Transmitting boundary in frequency domain [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1986,6(4):1-9(in Chinese).
Liu Bideng,Zhou Zhenghua,Liu Peixuan et al.Influence of V-shaped canyon site on ground motions for incident SV waves [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(2):17-24(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Tianyun,Liu Guangyan.The field analysis of arch dam canyon [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(9):79-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu Guosheng,Huang Jianfa,Li Xiaojun,Zhang Xiaodong et al.The hazard assessment and analysis of Pakistan earthquake in 2005 [J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(1):85-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ren Yefei,Wen Ruizhi,Hiroaki Yamanaka et al.Research on site effect of Wenchuan Earthquake by using generalized inversion technique [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(Supplement):146-151(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sohrabi-Bidar A.,Kamalian M.,Jafari M.K.Seismic response of 3D Gaussian-shaped valleys to vertically propagating incident waves [J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,183(3):1429-1442.
Song Zhenxia,Ding Haiping.Research on calculating method for seismic responses of 3D irregular topography (valley site) [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(2):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tsaur D.H.,Chang K.H.An analytical approach for the scattering of SH waves by a symmetrical V-shaped canyon:Shallow case [J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,174(1):255-264.
Wang Wei.Effects of Hill Topography on the Ground Moteion[D].Doctoral thesis.Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2011(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Haiyun.Amplification effects of soil sites on ground motion in the Weihe basin [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(1):137-150(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wong,H.L.,Jennings P.C..Effects of canyon topography on strong ground motion [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65(5):1239-1257.
Xiao Wenhai.Research on Ground Motion Characteristic at the Site of Large-scale Valley [D].Master?s thesis.Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2009(in Chinese).
Xie Dingyi,Chen Cunli,Hu Zaiqiang.Experimental Soil Engineering [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011(in Chinese).
Zhang Jianyi,Bo Jingshan,Wang Zhenyu et al.Influence of local topography on seismic ground motion in Wenchuan earthquake [J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(3):164-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang N.,Gao Y.F.,Cai Y.Q.et al.Scattering of SH waves induced by a non-symmetrical V-shaped canyon [J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,191(1):243-256.
Zhang Xiaobo,Jing Liping,Xiao Wenhai.Research on ground motion characteristics of large-scale valley [J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(6):644-649(in Chinese with English abstract).
Che Wei,Luo Qifeng.Seismic wave propagation in complex topography [J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(9):1333-1337(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Qingjun,Zhang Wei,Xia Jiang.PC cluster parallel computing for 3D valley topography site under long-period seismic excitation [J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(3):263-268(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Yunque,He Yunlong.Research on valley seismic response under obliquely incident P-waves [J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2013,46(6):702-710(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui Jingyu,Du Xiuli.Study on empirical transfer function of gorge free field ground motion [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(10):59-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong Jun,Zhao Chenggang.An analytic solution for the three-dimensional diffraction of plane SV-waves by hemispherical canyons in a fluid-saturated porous medium half space [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1412-1421 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Frischknecht C.,Wagner J.J.Seismic soil effect in an embanked deep alpine valley:a numerical investigation of two-dimensional resonance [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(1):171-186.
Gao Y.F.,Zhang N.,Li D.Y.,et al.Effects of topographic amplification induced by a U-shaped canyon on seismic waves [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2012,102(4):1748-1763.
Jin Dandan,Chen Guoxing,Dong Feifan.2D analysis of nonlinear seismic effect characteristics of multi-geomorphic composite site [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1818-1825(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin Feng,Zhang Chuhan,Wang Guanglun.A coupling FE-BE-IBE model for structure-foundation interactions [J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1993,33(2):17-25 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lee W.H.,White R.A.,Harlow D.H.,et al.Digital seismograms of selected aftershocks of the Northridge earthquake recorded by a dense seismic array on February 11,1994 at Cedar Hill Nursery in Tarzana,California [J].Open-File Report,1994,94-234.[S.l.]:U.S.Geological Survey.
Li Ping.The Research of Seismic Damage Anomalies in Hanyuan During Wenchuan Great Earthquake [D].Doctoral thesis.Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Yan Linjun,Li Junwei et al.Response of circular-arc alluvial valleys under incident plane P waves [J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001b,22(2):138-143(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Yan Linjun,Lee V.W.Scattering of incident plane P waves by a circular-arc canyon with a covering layer [J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2002,23(4):397-411 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Zhang Yushan,Gu Xiaolu et al.Scattering of plane sh waves by a circular-arc layered canyon [J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2003,16(2):158-165(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Zhang Yushan,Gu Xiaolu et al.Surface motion of circular-arc layered alluvial valleys for incident plane SH waves [J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):396-401(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang Jianwen,Yan Linjun,Lee V.W.Effects of a covering layer in a circular-arc canyon on incident plane SV waves [J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2001a,23(6):622-636 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liao Zhenpeng.Introduction to Wave Motion Theories in Engineering(Second Edition) [M].Beijing:Science Press,2000(in Chinese).
Liao Zhenpeng,Huang Kongliang et al.Transmitting boundary in transient elastic wave propagation [J].Science in China(Ser.A),1986,27(6):556-564.
Liao Zhenpeng,Yang Baipo.Transmitting boundary in frequency domain [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1986,6(4):1-9(in Chinese).
Liu Bideng,Zhou Zhenghua,Liu Peixuan et al.Influence of V-shaped canyon site on ground motions for incident SV waves [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(2):17-24(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Tianyun,Liu Guangyan.The field analysis of arch dam canyon [J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(9):79-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu Guosheng,Huang Jianfa,Li Xiaojun,Zhang Xiaodong et al.The hazard assessment and analysis of Pakistan earthquake in 2005 [J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(1):85-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ren Yefei,Wen Ruizhi,Hiroaki Yamanaka et al.Research on site effect of Wenchuan Earthquake by using generalized inversion technique [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(Supplement):146-151(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sohrabi-Bidar A.,Kamalian M.,Jafari M.K.Seismic response of 3D Gaussian-shaped valleys to vertically propagating incident waves [J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,183(3):1429-1442.
Song Zhenxia,Ding Haiping.Research on calculating method for seismic responses of 3D irregular topography (valley site) [J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,33(2):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tsaur D.H.,Chang K.H.An analytical approach for the scattering of SH waves by a symmetrical V-shaped canyon:Shallow case [J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,174(1):255-264.
Wang Wei.Effects of Hill Topography on the Ground Moteion[D].Doctoral thesis.Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2011(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Haiyun.Amplification effects of soil sites on ground motion in the Weihe basin [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(1):137-150(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wong,H.L.,Jennings P.C..Effects of canyon topography on strong ground motion [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65(5):1239-1257.
Xiao Wenhai.Research on Ground Motion Characteristic at the Site of Large-scale Valley [D].Master?s thesis.Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,2009(in Chinese).
Xie Dingyi,Chen Cunli,Hu Zaiqiang.Experimental Soil Engineering [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2011(in Chinese).
Zhang Jianyi,Bo Jingshan,Wang Zhenyu et al.Influence of local topography on seismic ground motion in Wenchuan earthquake [J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(3):164-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang N.,Gao Y.F.,Cai Y.Q.et al.Scattering of SH waves induced by a non-symmetrical V-shaped canyon [J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,191(1):243-256.
Zhang Xiaobo,Jing Liping,Xiao Wenhai.Research on ground motion characteristics of large-scale valley [J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(6):644-649(in Chinese with English abstract).