赣南红壤丘陵区~(137)Cs示踪土壤侵蚀对土壤养分元素的影响
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摘要
赣南红壤丘陵区是我国土壤侵蚀与土地退化比较严重的地区,以南丰县为例,应用137 Cs示踪技术探讨不同土地利用方式下土壤侵蚀与养分元素的关系。结果表明:(1)湿地松林、桔园、水田3种土地利用方式作用下土壤中137 Cs与养分元素分布差异显著,在垂直剖面上,湿地松林137 Cs含量呈指数递减分布,水田与桔园137 Cs含量因人为干扰在耕层内均匀分布;有机质与137 Cs有相似的分布特征;全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均呈现一定表聚性。(2)位于坡地的2种土地利用方式中,湿地松林137 Cs、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量均表现为下坡>上坡>中坡;桔园137 Cs活度表现为中坡>下坡>上坡,全氮、碱解氮、速效磷表现为下坡>中坡>上坡,而速效钾、有机质最大值均出现在上坡。(3)相关性分析表明,土壤137 Cs与有机质、全氮、碱解氮显著正相关,表明小流域有机质、氮元素可能与137 Cs有相同的物理运移方式,pH与137 Cs显著负相关,速效磷、速效钾则与137 Cs不相关。(4)3种土地利用方式中位于小流域谷地的水田137 Cs、有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量最高,坡地上桔园坡面137 Cs与土壤养分元素含量均高于湿地松林地,表明一定程度的坡改梯桔园种植模式能有效缓解土壤侵蚀与养分流失,改善区域生态环境。
The hilly region of red soil in southern Jiangxi is being faced with serious soil erosion and land degradation.In this study,we took the Nanfeng County as a case study to explore the relationships between soil erosion and nutrient elements under wetland pine forest,orange orchard and paddy field using the 137 Cs tracer approach.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in the distributions of 137 Cs and nutrient elements in soil with the three land use types.The contents of 137 Cs in soil of wetland pine forest decreased exponentially along with the vertical profile.While in the soils of orange orchard and paddy fields,the 137 Cs was evenly distributed in the plough layer due to human disturbance.The distribution of organic matter was similar with137 Cs.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the three land use types showed obvious accumulation in surface layer.(2)In the soil of hillside wetland pine forest,the contents of137 Cs,total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter were characterized by:downhill>uphill> mid-slope.While in the orange orchard soil,the activities of 137 Cs were midslope> downhill> uphill.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus showed downhill> mid-slope> uphill.And the maximum contents of available potassium and organic matter were found on the uphill.(3)Correlation analysis showed that 137 Cs was positively correlated with organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen,indicating that organic matter and nitrogen in small watershed might have the same physical migration mode as 137 Cs.The pH value was significantly negatively correlated with137 Cs.While there were no significant correlations between the contents of available phosphorus and available potas-sium and 137 Cs.(4)Among the three land use types,the 137 Cs,organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen contents in the paddy field of the small watershed valley were the highest.On the hillside,the contents of137 Cs and soil nutrient elements in the orange orchard were higher than those in the wetland pine forest,indicating that the changing slopping-to-terraced orange planting patterns could effectively alleviate soil erosion and nutrient loss,and improve the regional ecological environment.
The hilly region of red soil in southern Jiangxi is being faced with serious soil erosion and land degradation.In this study,we took the Nanfeng County as a case study to explore the relationships between soil erosion and nutrient elements under wetland pine forest,orange orchard and paddy field using the 137 Cs tracer approach.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in the distributions of 137 Cs and nutrient elements in soil with the three land use types.The contents of 137 Cs in soil of wetland pine forest decreased exponentially along with the vertical profile.While in the soils of orange orchard and paddy fields,the 137 Cs was evenly distributed in the plough layer due to human disturbance.The distribution of organic matter was similar with137 Cs.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the three land use types showed obvious accumulation in surface layer.(2)In the soil of hillside wetland pine forest,the contents of137 Cs,total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter were characterized by:downhill>uphill> mid-slope.While in the orange orchard soil,the activities of 137 Cs were midslope> downhill> uphill.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus showed downhill> mid-slope> uphill.And the maximum contents of available potassium and organic matter were found on the uphill.(3)Correlation analysis showed that 137 Cs was positively correlated with organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen,indicating that organic matter and nitrogen in small watershed might have the same physical migration mode as 137 Cs.The pH value was significantly negatively correlated with137 Cs.While there were no significant correlations between the contents of available phosphorus and available potas-sium and 137 Cs.(4)Among the three land use types,the 137 Cs,organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali nitrogen contents in the paddy field of the small watershed valley were the highest.On the hillside,the contents of137 Cs and soil nutrient elements in the orange orchard were higher than those in the wetland pine forest,indicating that the changing slopping-to-terraced orange planting patterns could effectively alleviate soil erosion and nutrient loss,and improve the regional ecological environment.
引文
[1]史志华,杨洁,李忠武,等.南方红壤低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):6-9.
[2]赵其国,黄国勤,马艳芹.中国南方红壤生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7615-7622.
[3]陈志强,陈志彪.南方红壤侵蚀区土壤肥力质量的突变:以福建省长汀县为例[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):3002-3010.
[4]何圣嘉,谢锦升,杨智杰,等.南方红壤丘陵区马尾松林下水土流失现状、成因及防治[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):65-70.
[5]孙永明,叶川,王学雄,等.赣南脐橙果园水土流失现状调查分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):67-71.
[6]刘娜,王克林,张伟,等.土壤侵蚀及其评价、校验方法研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(18):1-6.
[7]俱战省,文安邦,严冬春,等.基于137 Cs、210 Pb和CSLE的三峡库区小流域土壤侵蚀评估[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):75-80.
[8] Teramage M T,Onda Y,Kato H,et al.The relationship of soil organic carbon to Pb-210(ex)and Cs-137during surface soil erosion in a hillslope forested environment[J].Geoderma,2013,192(1):59-67.
[9]张合兵,聂小军,程静霞.137 Cs示踪采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):137-143.
[10]冷雪,吴霜,王昕梅,等.赣北黄茅潭近代湖泊137 Cs蓄积特点、SCP计数和事件性沉积及其对210 Pb计年的矫正[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(5):944-951.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[12]梁家伟,戴全厚,张曦,等.137 Cs技术研究岩溶高原湿地小流域土壤侵蚀特征[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):116-122.
[13]张云奇,张信宝,龙翼,等.农耕地土壤137 Cs与210 Pbex深度分布过程对比研究[J].核农学报,2012,26(4):692-698.
[14]张璐,文石林,蔡泽江,等.湘南红壤丘陵区不同植被类型下土壤肥力特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(14):3996-4005.
[15]Martinez C,Hancock G R,Kalma J D.Relationships between 137 Cs and soil organic carbon(SOC)in cultivated and never-cultivated soils:An Australian example[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3):137-147.
[16]张明礼,杨浩,徐从安,等.沂蒙山区土壤侵蚀的137 Cs示踪法初步研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):408-414.
[17] Nosrati K H,addadchi A,Zare M R,et al.An evaluation of the role of hillslope components and land use in soil erosion using 137 Cs inventory and soil organic carbon stock[J].Geoderma,2015,243/244(24):29-40.
[18]方海燕,盛美玲,孙莉英,等.137 Cs和210Pbex示踪黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀对有机碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1856-1862.
[19]Wakiyama Y,Onda Y,Mizugaki S,et al.Soil erosion rates on forested mountain hillslopes estimated using137 Cs and 210Pbex[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1):39-52.
[20]魏兴萍,袁道先,谢世友.运用137 Cs与土壤营养元素探讨重庆岩溶槽谷区山坡土壤的流失和漏失[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):16-19.
[2]赵其国,黄国勤,马艳芹.中国南方红壤生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7615-7622.
[3]陈志强,陈志彪.南方红壤侵蚀区土壤肥力质量的突变:以福建省长汀县为例[J].生态学报,2013,33(10):3002-3010.
[4]何圣嘉,谢锦升,杨智杰,等.南方红壤丘陵区马尾松林下水土流失现状、成因及防治[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):65-70.
[5]孙永明,叶川,王学雄,等.赣南脐橙果园水土流失现状调查分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):67-71.
[6]刘娜,王克林,张伟,等.土壤侵蚀及其评价、校验方法研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(18):1-6.
[7]俱战省,文安邦,严冬春,等.基于137 Cs、210 Pb和CSLE的三峡库区小流域土壤侵蚀评估[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):75-80.
[8] Teramage M T,Onda Y,Kato H,et al.The relationship of soil organic carbon to Pb-210(ex)and Cs-137during surface soil erosion in a hillslope forested environment[J].Geoderma,2013,192(1):59-67.
[9]张合兵,聂小军,程静霞.137 Cs示踪采煤沉陷坡土壤侵蚀及其对土壤养分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):137-143.
[10]冷雪,吴霜,王昕梅,等.赣北黄茅潭近代湖泊137 Cs蓄积特点、SCP计数和事件性沉积及其对210 Pb计年的矫正[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(5):944-951.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[12]梁家伟,戴全厚,张曦,等.137 Cs技术研究岩溶高原湿地小流域土壤侵蚀特征[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):116-122.
[13]张云奇,张信宝,龙翼,等.农耕地土壤137 Cs与210 Pbex深度分布过程对比研究[J].核农学报,2012,26(4):692-698.
[14]张璐,文石林,蔡泽江,等.湘南红壤丘陵区不同植被类型下土壤肥力特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(14):3996-4005.
[15]Martinez C,Hancock G R,Kalma J D.Relationships between 137 Cs and soil organic carbon(SOC)in cultivated and never-cultivated soils:An Australian example[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3):137-147.
[16]张明礼,杨浩,徐从安,等.沂蒙山区土壤侵蚀的137 Cs示踪法初步研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):408-414.
[17] Nosrati K H,addadchi A,Zare M R,et al.An evaluation of the role of hillslope components and land use in soil erosion using 137 Cs inventory and soil organic carbon stock[J].Geoderma,2015,243/244(24):29-40.
[18]方海燕,盛美玲,孙莉英,等.137 Cs和210Pbex示踪黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀对有机碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1856-1862.
[19]Wakiyama Y,Onda Y,Mizugaki S,et al.Soil erosion rates on forested mountain hillslopes estimated using137 Cs and 210Pbex[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1):39-52.
[20]魏兴萍,袁道先,谢世友.运用137 Cs与土壤营养元素探讨重庆岩溶槽谷区山坡土壤的流失和漏失[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(6):16-19.