不同水浴方式对高温高湿环境下人体自行车运动后恢复效果的影响
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摘要
目的:探究冷水浴与冷热水交替浴对人体自行车运动后恢复效果的影响。方法:采用自身对照设计,12名男性(22.08±2.02岁)分别进行3次实验,每次实验间隔7天。受试者首先进入实验室安静休息15 min,随后进入高温湿度模拟室(温度37±1℃,相对湿度80%±2%rh)进行递增负荷功率自行车运动至力竭,再回到实验室(温度25±1℃,相对湿度45±5%rh)进行15 min恢复。3次实验分别采用安静恢复(CON组)、冷水浴(CWI组)和冷热水交替浴(CWT组)三种恢复手段,均在运动前和运动后第0、3、5、8、10、13、15 min不同时间点分别检测血乳酸、心率与核心温度,数据结果采用SPSS23.0统计软件进行分析。结果:1.三组运动前的血乳酸值之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);CWT组运动后第13 min和运动后第15 min的血乳酸较CON组显著降低(P<0.01),其他时间点(运动后第0、3、5、8和10 min)的血乳酸与CON组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);CWI组运动后所有时间点(第0、3、5、8、10、13和15 min)的血乳酸值与CON组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);2.三组运动前的核心温度之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);CWI组运动后第15 min的核心温度较CON组显著降低(P<0.05),其他时间点(运动后第0、3、5、8、10和13min)的核心温度与CON组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);CWT组运动后所有时间点(第0、3、5、8、10、13和15 min)的核心温度与CON组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);3.三组任一时间点(运动前和运动后第0、3、5、8、10、13和15 min)的心率进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:本研究所设计的冷热水交替浴方案可以有效提高运动后血乳酸的清除速度,冷水浴方案可有效降低核心温度,这两种水浴方案对心率恢复没有显著效果。
Objective To explore the effect of cold water immersion(CWI) and contrast water therapy(CWT) on the body recovery after cycling.MethodsThe self-control design was used in this study.Twelve men(age 22.08 ± 2.02 y) underwent 3 experiments,with an interval of 7 days. The subjectswere collected the baseline value at rest, and then entered the high-temperature and high-humidityroom(37 ± 1℃,80% ± 2% rh) to undergo cycling with incremental load until exhaust,and then torest in the laboratory(25 ± 1℃,45% ± 5% rh) for 15 min for recovery. The recovery was carriedout by means of passive recovery(CON), cold water immersion(CWI) and contrast water therapy(CWT),and the subjects were accordingly divided into the CON group,CWI group and CWT grouprespectively. The blood lactate, heart rate, core temperature were collected at the 3 rd, 5 th, 8 th,10 th,13 th and 15 th minute of the recovery process and the data were analyzed using the SPSS23.0 software.ResultsThere was no significant difference in all the measurements among the three groups(P>0.05). The blood lactate of the CWT group at the 13 th and 15 th minute after the exercise was significantly lower than that of the CON group(P<0.01), with no significant differences at the other timepoints(P>0.05). Moreover,there was no significant difference in the blood lactate at all time points after exercise between the CWI and the CON group(P>0.05). The core temperature at the 15 th minuteafter exercise of the CWI group was significantly lower than the CON group(P<0.05),with no significant difference between them at the other time points(P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the core temperature between the CWT and the CON group at all time points(P>0.05).There was no significant difference among the three groups in the heart rate at all time points after exercise(P>0.05).ConclusionsContrast water therapy can effectively improve the clearance rate of theblood lactate after exercise,while cold water immersion can effectively reduce core temperature. However,both of them have no significant effect on the heart rate.
Objective To explore the effect of cold water immersion(CWI) and contrast water therapy(CWT) on the body recovery after cycling.MethodsThe self-control design was used in this study.Twelve men(age 22.08 ± 2.02 y) underwent 3 experiments,with an interval of 7 days. The subjectswere collected the baseline value at rest, and then entered the high-temperature and high-humidityroom(37 ± 1℃,80% ± 2% rh) to undergo cycling with incremental load until exhaust,and then torest in the laboratory(25 ± 1℃,45% ± 5% rh) for 15 min for recovery. The recovery was carriedout by means of passive recovery(CON), cold water immersion(CWI) and contrast water therapy(CWT),and the subjects were accordingly divided into the CON group,CWI group and CWT grouprespectively. The blood lactate, heart rate, core temperature were collected at the 3 rd, 5 th, 8 th,10 th,13 th and 15 th minute of the recovery process and the data were analyzed using the SPSS23.0 software.ResultsThere was no significant difference in all the measurements among the three groups(P>0.05). The blood lactate of the CWT group at the 13 th and 15 th minute after the exercise was significantly lower than that of the CON group(P<0.01), with no significant differences at the other timepoints(P>0.05). Moreover,there was no significant difference in the blood lactate at all time points after exercise between the CWI and the CON group(P>0.05). The core temperature at the 15 th minuteafter exercise of the CWI group was significantly lower than the CON group(P<0.05),with no significant difference between them at the other time points(P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the core temperature between the CWT and the CON group at all time points(P>0.05).There was no significant difference among the three groups in the heart rate at all time points after exercise(P>0.05).ConclusionsContrast water therapy can effectively improve the clearance rate of theblood lactate after exercise,while cold water immersion can effectively reduce core temperature. However,both of them have no significant effect on the heart rate.
引文
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[10]杨方英,刘丽华.红外耳温计的临床应用观察[J].护理研究,2002,1:8-9.
[11] Calder A. Coaching perspectives of tennis recovery:acomprehensive review of the research[M]. NY:UnitedStates Tennis Association,2009.
[12] Machado AF, Ferreira PH, Micheletti JK, et al. Canwater temperature and immersion time influence the effect of cold water immersion on muscle soreness? A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sports Med, 2016,46(4):503-514.
[13] Wilcock,Ian M. Physiological response to water immersion a method for sport recovery[J]. Sports Med,2006,36(9):747-765.
[14] Johansen L, Jensen T. Contribution of abdomen andlegs to central blood volume expansion in humans during immersion[J]. Appl Physiol,1997,83(3):695-704.
[15] Arborelius M,Baildin U. Hemodynamic changes in manduring immersion with the head above water[J]. Aerospace Med,1972,43(6):592-600.
[16] Lollgen H,Nieding G. Hemodynamic response to gradedwater immersion[J]. Klin Wochenschr,1981,59(12):623-631.
[17] Sayers MG, Calder AM, Sanders JG. Effect of whole-body contrast-water therapy on recovery from intense exercise of short duration[J]. Eur J Sport Sci,2011,11(4):293-302.
[18] Rowsell GJ, Coutts AJ, Reaburn P, et al. Effect ofpost-match cold-water immersion on subsequent matchrunning performance in junior soccer players during tournament play[J]. J Sport Sci,2011,29(1):1-6.
[19] De Nardi M,La Torre A,Barassi A,et al. Effects ofcold-water immersion and contrast-water therapy aftertraining in young soccer players[J]. J Sport Med PhysFit,2011,51(4):609-615.
[20] Weston C, O′Hare J. Haemodynamic changes in manduring immersion in water at different temperatures[J].Clin Sci,1987,73(6):613-619.
[21] Sramek P,Simeckova M. Human physiological responsesto immersion into water of different temperatures[J]. EurJ Appl Physiol,2000,81(5):436-478.
[22] Knight K,Londeree B. Comparison of blood flow in theankle of uninjured subjects during therapeutic applications of heat, cold, and exercise[J]. Med Sci SportsExerc,1980,12(3):76-80.
[23] Petersen FB,Schultz-Pedersen L,Dragsted N. Peripheral and central blood flow in man during cold, thermoneutral,and hot water immersion[J]. Aviat Space EnvironMed,1992,63(5):346-350.
[24] Flouris AD, Friesen BJ, Carlson MJ, et al. Effectiveness of cold water immersion for treating exertional heatstress when immediate response is not possible[J]. ScandJ Med Sci Sports,2015,25(Suppl. 1):229-239.
[25] Gagnon D,Lemire BB,Casa DJ,et al. Cold-Water Immersion and the treatment of hyperthermia:Using38.66℃as a safe rectal temperature cooling limit[J]. JAthl Training,2010,45(5):439-444.
[26] Gill ND. Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategiesin rugby players[J]. Brit J Sport Med,2006,40(3):260-263.
[27] Coffey V,Leveritt M,Gill N. Effect of recovery modality on 4-hour repeated treadmill running performanceand changes in physiological variables[J]. J Sci MedSport,2004,7(1):1-10.
[28] Hamlin MJ. The effect of contrast temperature water therapy on repeated sprint performance[J]. J Sci Med Sport,2007,10(6):398-402.
[29]殷越,吴昊.冷水浴缓解运动性疲劳的效果差异性探析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2018,37(3):256-262.
[2] Racinais S,Alonso J,Coutts AJ,et al. Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat[J].Sports Med,2015,45(7):925-938.
[3] KREBS PS,PowERS SK. Reliability of laboratory endurance tests[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1989,21(Supplement):s10.
[4]王瑞元.运动生理学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2011.
[5] Crampton D, Donne B, Warmington S A, et al. Cycling time to failure is better maintained by cold thancontrast or thermoneutral lower-body water immersion innormothermia[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2013,113(12):3059-3067.
[6] Glasgow PD,Ferris R,Bleakley CM. Cold water immersion in the management of delayed-onset muscle soreness:is dose important? A randomised controlled trial[J].Phys Ther Sport,2014,15(4):228-233.
[7] LE Juliff, Halson SL, Bonetti DL, et al. Influence ofcontrast shower and water immersion on recovery inelite netballers[J]. J Strength Cond Res, 2014,28(8):2353-2358.
[8] Leeder JD, Van Someren KA, Bell PG, et al. Effectsof seated and standing cold water immersion on recoveryfrom repeated sprinting[J]. J Sport Sci, 2015,33(15):1544-1552.
[9] Christensen H, Boysen G. Acceptable agreement between tympanic and rectal temperature in acute strokepatients[J]. Int J Clin Pract,2002,56(2):82-84.
[10]杨方英,刘丽华.红外耳温计的临床应用观察[J].护理研究,2002,1:8-9.
[11] Calder A. Coaching perspectives of tennis recovery:acomprehensive review of the research[M]. NY:UnitedStates Tennis Association,2009.
[12] Machado AF, Ferreira PH, Micheletti JK, et al. Canwater temperature and immersion time influence the effect of cold water immersion on muscle soreness? A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sports Med, 2016,46(4):503-514.
[13] Wilcock,Ian M. Physiological response to water immersion a method for sport recovery[J]. Sports Med,2006,36(9):747-765.
[14] Johansen L, Jensen T. Contribution of abdomen andlegs to central blood volume expansion in humans during immersion[J]. Appl Physiol,1997,83(3):695-704.
[15] Arborelius M,Baildin U. Hemodynamic changes in manduring immersion with the head above water[J]. Aerospace Med,1972,43(6):592-600.
[16] Lollgen H,Nieding G. Hemodynamic response to gradedwater immersion[J]. Klin Wochenschr,1981,59(12):623-631.
[17] Sayers MG, Calder AM, Sanders JG. Effect of whole-body contrast-water therapy on recovery from intense exercise of short duration[J]. Eur J Sport Sci,2011,11(4):293-302.
[18] Rowsell GJ, Coutts AJ, Reaburn P, et al. Effect ofpost-match cold-water immersion on subsequent matchrunning performance in junior soccer players during tournament play[J]. J Sport Sci,2011,29(1):1-6.
[19] De Nardi M,La Torre A,Barassi A,et al. Effects ofcold-water immersion and contrast-water therapy aftertraining in young soccer players[J]. J Sport Med PhysFit,2011,51(4):609-615.
[20] Weston C, O′Hare J. Haemodynamic changes in manduring immersion in water at different temperatures[J].Clin Sci,1987,73(6):613-619.
[21] Sramek P,Simeckova M. Human physiological responsesto immersion into water of different temperatures[J]. EurJ Appl Physiol,2000,81(5):436-478.
[22] Knight K,Londeree B. Comparison of blood flow in theankle of uninjured subjects during therapeutic applications of heat, cold, and exercise[J]. Med Sci SportsExerc,1980,12(3):76-80.
[23] Petersen FB,Schultz-Pedersen L,Dragsted N. Peripheral and central blood flow in man during cold, thermoneutral,and hot water immersion[J]. Aviat Space EnvironMed,1992,63(5):346-350.
[24] Flouris AD, Friesen BJ, Carlson MJ, et al. Effectiveness of cold water immersion for treating exertional heatstress when immediate response is not possible[J]. ScandJ Med Sci Sports,2015,25(Suppl. 1):229-239.
[25] Gagnon D,Lemire BB,Casa DJ,et al. Cold-Water Immersion and the treatment of hyperthermia:Using38.66℃as a safe rectal temperature cooling limit[J]. JAthl Training,2010,45(5):439-444.
[26] Gill ND. Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategiesin rugby players[J]. Brit J Sport Med,2006,40(3):260-263.
[27] Coffey V,Leveritt M,Gill N. Effect of recovery modality on 4-hour repeated treadmill running performanceand changes in physiological variables[J]. J Sci MedSport,2004,7(1):1-10.
[28] Hamlin MJ. The effect of contrast temperature water therapy on repeated sprint performance[J]. J Sci Med Sport,2007,10(6):398-402.
[29]殷越,吴昊.冷水浴缓解运动性疲劳的效果差异性探析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2018,37(3):256-262.