基于EMTP-ATP的变电站铁磁谐振计算与消谐措施研究
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摘要
变电站发生单相接地故障后易引发电压互感器(TV)铁磁谐振,导致TV熔丝频繁熔断,影响电力系统安全运行。为研究变电站铁磁谐振基本规律及影响因素,文中基于EMTP-ATP电磁暂态仿真软件,考虑了TV铁心的非线性特性,建立了某35 kV变电站铁磁谐振计算的分布参数模型,分析了变电站铁磁谐振的产生原因,并提出了抑制措施。研究表明:单相接地消失时刻决定了TV是否会激发铁磁谐振,若接地消失时非故障相电压为瞬时最大值,则TV将发生最严重的铁磁谐振。变电站消谐措施应优选消弧线圈与消谐器,其次是在开口三角绕组投入阻尼电阻。消弧线圈投入后,使得接地消失时刻TV三相电流降低至远小于其额定电流,从根本上避免了TV熔断器熔断;35 kV侧加装消弧线圈对于抑制10 kV侧TV铁磁谐振并无作用。安装消谐器时,在保证抑制铁磁谐振的同时,应考虑TV三相电流不能超过其额定值,避免熔丝熔断。TV开口三角绕组投入阻尼电阻值越小,对铁磁谐振的抑制效果越好,但TV三相电流越大,易烧毁熔断器;应准确判断接地消失时刻,精准投入阻尼电阻。
After the single-phase grounding fault occurs in the substation,the ferromagnetic resonance of the voltagetransformer(TV)is easily triggered,which causes the frequent fusing of the TV fuse and influences the safe operationof the power system. For researching the essential laws and influence factors of ferromagnetic resonance in substa-tion,based on the EMTP-ATP electromagnetic transient simulation software and considering the nonlinear character-istics of TV core,a distributed parameter model of ferromagnetic resonance calculation in a 35 kV substation is es-tablished. The cause of ferromagnetic resonance in substation is analyzed,and the restraining measures are put for-ward. The research shows that the single phase ground disappearance time determines whether TV will excite ferro-magnetic resonance. If the voltage of the non fault phase is instantaneous maximum,the most severe ferromagneticresonance of TV will occur. The arc suppression coil and the harmonic eliminator should be preferred in the substa-tion harmonic elimination measures,and the second is to put the damping resistor in the open triangular winding. Af-ter the arc suppression coil is put into operation,the TV three-phase current is reduced to far less than its rated cur-rent at the time of earth disappearance,which fundamentally avoids the fusing of TV fuse. 35 kV side adding arc sup-pression coil as no effect on suppressing 10 kV ferromagnetic resonance. When installing the harmonic eliminator,the TV three phase current should not exceed its rated value to avoid fuse while ensuring the suppression of ferromag-netic resonance. The smaller the input resistance value of TV open delta winding is,the better the inhibition effectfor ferromagnetic resonance. But the larger the three-phase current of TV is,the easier it will burn the fuse. The timeof the earth's disappearance should be accurately judged,and the damping resistor can be switched accurately.
After the single-phase grounding fault occurs in the substation,the ferromagnetic resonance of the voltagetransformer(TV)is easily triggered,which causes the frequent fusing of the TV fuse and influences the safe operationof the power system. For researching the essential laws and influence factors of ferromagnetic resonance in substa-tion,based on the EMTP-ATP electromagnetic transient simulation software and considering the nonlinear character-istics of TV core,a distributed parameter model of ferromagnetic resonance calculation in a 35 kV substation is es-tablished. The cause of ferromagnetic resonance in substation is analyzed,and the restraining measures are put for-ward. The research shows that the single phase ground disappearance time determines whether TV will excite ferro-magnetic resonance. If the voltage of the non fault phase is instantaneous maximum,the most severe ferromagneticresonance of TV will occur. The arc suppression coil and the harmonic eliminator should be preferred in the substa-tion harmonic elimination measures,and the second is to put the damping resistor in the open triangular winding. Af-ter the arc suppression coil is put into operation,the TV three-phase current is reduced to far less than its rated cur-rent at the time of earth disappearance,which fundamentally avoids the fusing of TV fuse. 35 kV side adding arc sup-pression coil as no effect on suppressing 10 kV ferromagnetic resonance. When installing the harmonic eliminator,the TV three phase current should not exceed its rated value to avoid fuse while ensuring the suppression of ferromag-netic resonance. The smaller the input resistance value of TV open delta winding is,the better the inhibition effectfor ferromagnetic resonance. But the larger the three-phase current of TV is,the easier it will burn the fuse. The timeof the earth's disappearance should be accurately judged,and the damping resistor can be switched accurately.
引文
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[7]梅成林,张超树.电压互感器铁磁谐振分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(s2):311-313.MEI Chenglin,ZHANG Chaoshu.Analysis of voltage transformer ferroresonance[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(s2):311-313.
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[9]林莉,王军兵,唐凤英,等.10 k V电压互感器损坏的仿真计算研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(17):51-55.LIN Li,WANG Junbing,TANG Fengying,et al.Simulation and computational analysis on potential transformer damage in 10 k V system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(17):51-55.
[10]ABBASI H R,HEYDARI H,AFSARI S A.Elimination of chaotic ferroresonance in power transformer by ISFC[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,68(12):132-141.
[11]ARAUJO A E A,SOUDACK A C,MARTI J R.Ferroresonance in power systems:Chaotic behaviour[J].IEE Proceedings-C,1993,140(3):237-240.
[12]梁志瑞,董维,刘文轩,等.电磁式电压互感器的铁磁谐振仿真研究[J].高压电器,2012,48(11):18-23.LIANG Zhirui,DONG Wei,LIU Wenxuan,et al.Simulation analysis on ferroresonance of potential transformer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(11):18-23.
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[14]周浩,余宇红,张利庭,等.10 k V配电网铁磁谐振消谐措施的仿真比较研究[J].电网技术,2005,29(22):24-34.ZHOU Hao,YU Yuhong,ZHANG Liting,et al.Comparative study on ferroresonance elimination measures in 10 k V power distribution system by simulation method[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(22):24-34.
[15]杨振宇,钱敏慧,陈宏钟,等.基于Zn O非线性电阻的新型消弧消谐策略研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(9):16-19.YANG Zhenyu,QIAN Minhui,CHEN Hongzhong,et al.Study on arc and resonance elimination strategy based on Zn Ovaristor[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2006,26(9):16-19.
[16]李璿,叶国雄,王晓琪,等.用ATP-EMTP研究1 000 k V CVT的暂态特性[J].高电压技术,2008,34(9):1850-1855.LI Xuan,YE Guoxiong,WANG Xiaoqi,et al.Transient characteristics of 1 000 k V capacitor voltage transformer based on ATP-EMTP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(9):1850-1855.
[17]张瑛,张小青.考虑铁磁元件励磁特性的电网暂态计算[J].电力学报,2005,20(3):235-236.ZHANG Ying,ZHANG Xiaoqing.Transient calculation of the power networks containing ferromagnetic elements[J].Journal of Electric Power,2005,20(3):235-236.
[18]李云阁,施围.应用解析法分析中性点接地系统中的工频铁磁谐振-非线性电感工频励磁特性的求取[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(10):94-98.LI Yunge,SHI Wei.Study of fundamental ferroresonance on neutral-grounded systems by using analytical method-solution to the power frequency excitation characteristic of nonlinear inductors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(10):94-98.
[19]李谦,钟定珠,王晓渝,等.变压器铁心励磁特性拟合方法的探讨[J].高电压技术,1997,23(1):19-21.LI Qian,ZHONG Dingzhu,WANG Xiaoyu,et al.Research on fitting methods of core excitation characteristics of transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,1997,23(1):19-21.
[20]董海波,史丽萍.电磁式电压互感器和变压器励磁特性曲线转换方法的分析与应用[J].电工技术杂志,1999,20(2):36-38.DONG Haibo,SHI Liping.Analysis and application of the conversion method of the excitation character curve ofthe electric-magnetic type TV and the transformer[J].Electric engineering magzine,1999,20(2):36-38.
[21]闫静,马志瀛,汤安.含铁心线圈励磁特性求取方法的探讨[J].高电压技术,2006,32(8):11-13.YAN Jing,MA Zhiying,TANG An.Calculation method for excitation characteristic of coil with Iron core[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(8):11-13.
[22]王秉钧.含铁心电感线圈磁链,励磁电流特性曲线的转换问题[J].高电压技术,1984,10(4):90-96.WANG Bingjun.Conversion problem of excitation current characteristic curve of coil with Iron core[J].High Voltage Engineering,1984,10(4):90-96.
[2]常立智.对35 k V及以下电网中的铁磁谐振及消谐措施的分析[J].供用电,2005,22(2):33-35.CHANG Lizhi.Study its suppression measures for 35 k V lower distribution system[J].Power Supply and Consumption,2005,22(2):33-35.
[3]董继民.500 k V变电站35 k V电压互感器爆炸事故分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(13):82-85.DONG Jimin.Analysis of explosion on 35 k V voltage transformer in 500 k V substation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2008,36(13):82-85.
[4]尧广,曾明贵,李盛涛,等.35 k V电磁式电压互感器连续爆炸事故探讨[J].高压电器,2012,48(10):114-119.YAO Guang,ZENG Minggui,LI Chengtao,et al.Analysis of successive explosions of a 35 k V electromagnetic potential transformer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(10):114-119.
[5]石启新,谈顺涛.不接地系统中电磁式TV异常运行的仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2004,30(10):34-36.SHI Qixin,TAN Shuntao.Digital simulation study and analysis on abnormal operation of electromagnetic potential transformer in isolated neutral system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(10):34-36.
[6]张乃群,陈军.35 k V电压互感器和消谐器的绝缘配合[J].高电压技术,1998,24(4):81-82.ZHANG Naiqun,CHEN Jun.The insulation coordination between the 35 k V PT and harmonic eliminator[J].High Voltage Engineering,1998,24(4):81-82.
[7]梅成林,张超树.电压互感器铁磁谐振分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(s2):311-313.MEI Chenglin,ZHANG Chaoshu.Analysis of voltage transformer ferroresonance[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(s2):311-313.
[8]司马文霞,郭飞,杨庆,等.变电站铁磁谐振仿真分析及抑制措施研究[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(6):22-26.SIMA Wenxia,GUO Fei,YANG Qing,et al.Simulative analysis of substation ferroresonance and its suppression measures[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2007,27(6):22-26.
[9]林莉,王军兵,唐凤英,等.10 k V电压互感器损坏的仿真计算研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(17):51-55.LIN Li,WANG Junbing,TANG Fengying,et al.Simulation and computational analysis on potential transformer damage in 10 k V system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(17):51-55.
[10]ABBASI H R,HEYDARI H,AFSARI S A.Elimination of chaotic ferroresonance in power transformer by ISFC[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,68(12):132-141.
[11]ARAUJO A E A,SOUDACK A C,MARTI J R.Ferroresonance in power systems:Chaotic behaviour[J].IEE Proceedings-C,1993,140(3):237-240.
[12]梁志瑞,董维,刘文轩,等.电磁式电压互感器的铁磁谐振仿真研究[J].高压电器,2012,48(11):18-23.LIANG Zhirui,DONG Wei,LIU Wenxuan,et al.Simulation analysis on ferroresonance of potential transformer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(11):18-23.
[13]许志龙,黄建华,王大忠.10 k V电网TV铁磁谐振过电压数字仿真及研究[J].电力自动化设备,2001,21(2):27-29.XU Zhilong,HUANG Jianhua,WANG Dazhong.The digital simulation and study of TV ferroresonance over-voltage in 10 k V power network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2001,21(2):27-29.
[14]周浩,余宇红,张利庭,等.10 k V配电网铁磁谐振消谐措施的仿真比较研究[J].电网技术,2005,29(22):24-34.ZHOU Hao,YU Yuhong,ZHANG Liting,et al.Comparative study on ferroresonance elimination measures in 10 k V power distribution system by simulation method[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(22):24-34.
[15]杨振宇,钱敏慧,陈宏钟,等.基于Zn O非线性电阻的新型消弧消谐策略研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(9):16-19.YANG Zhenyu,QIAN Minhui,CHEN Hongzhong,et al.Study on arc and resonance elimination strategy based on Zn Ovaristor[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2006,26(9):16-19.
[16]李璿,叶国雄,王晓琪,等.用ATP-EMTP研究1 000 k V CVT的暂态特性[J].高电压技术,2008,34(9):1850-1855.LI Xuan,YE Guoxiong,WANG Xiaoqi,et al.Transient characteristics of 1 000 k V capacitor voltage transformer based on ATP-EMTP[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(9):1850-1855.
[17]张瑛,张小青.考虑铁磁元件励磁特性的电网暂态计算[J].电力学报,2005,20(3):235-236.ZHANG Ying,ZHANG Xiaoqing.Transient calculation of the power networks containing ferromagnetic elements[J].Journal of Electric Power,2005,20(3):235-236.
[18]李云阁,施围.应用解析法分析中性点接地系统中的工频铁磁谐振-非线性电感工频励磁特性的求取[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(10):94-98.LI Yunge,SHI Wei.Study of fundamental ferroresonance on neutral-grounded systems by using analytical method-solution to the power frequency excitation characteristic of nonlinear inductors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(10):94-98.
[19]李谦,钟定珠,王晓渝,等.变压器铁心励磁特性拟合方法的探讨[J].高电压技术,1997,23(1):19-21.LI Qian,ZHONG Dingzhu,WANG Xiaoyu,et al.Research on fitting methods of core excitation characteristics of transformer[J].High Voltage Engineering,1997,23(1):19-21.
[20]董海波,史丽萍.电磁式电压互感器和变压器励磁特性曲线转换方法的分析与应用[J].电工技术杂志,1999,20(2):36-38.DONG Haibo,SHI Liping.Analysis and application of the conversion method of the excitation character curve ofthe electric-magnetic type TV and the transformer[J].Electric engineering magzine,1999,20(2):36-38.
[21]闫静,马志瀛,汤安.含铁心线圈励磁特性求取方法的探讨[J].高电压技术,2006,32(8):11-13.YAN Jing,MA Zhiying,TANG An.Calculation method for excitation characteristic of coil with Iron core[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(8):11-13.
[22]王秉钧.含铁心电感线圈磁链,励磁电流特性曲线的转换问题[J].高电压技术,1984,10(4):90-96.WANG Bingjun.Conversion problem of excitation current characteristic curve of coil with Iron core[J].High Voltage Engineering,1984,10(4):90-96.