消费社会的构成要素及其对社会存在的影响
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摘要
19世纪末20世纪初,消费的含义发生改变,它由一个被动的过程变为一个主动的过程,资本主义社会开始转向消费社会。福特制的产生、消费能力的提高、休闲时间的增加、电子媒介的发展共同构成了消费社会的构成因素。其中,电子媒介在消费社会中的作用有三种理解方式,分别是媒介是一种操控的工具、媒介即信息、媒介是一种操控的工具,但信息接收者可以用另外的方式来解码。消费社会的构成要素对"社会存在"具有一系列的影响,包括混淆社会现实和影像、造成现实分裂化、把人建构成欲望化的主体、造成人们的心理观念或意识本身的变化。消费社会是资本主义的一个新的阶段,通过刺激消费,整个社会的引导性内容发生改变,消费本身成为社会的一个驱动力,这种转型被称为资产阶级社会的第二次革命,这意味着西方进入全面消费的时代。
From the end of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century, the meaning of consumption changed from a passive process to an active process, capitalist society began to change into a consumer society. The emergence of the Ford system, the improvement of consumption capacity, the increase of leisure time and the development of electronic media constitute the components of the consumer society. Among them, there are three ways to understand the function of electronic media in consumer society. One is that media is a tool of manipulation, media is information, and media is a tool of manipulation, but the information receivers can decode it in another way. The constituent elements of the consumer society have a series of influences on 'the social existence', including the confusion of social reality and image, the fragmentation of reality, the construction of people as the subject of desire, and the change in people's psychological concept or consciousness itself. Consumer society is a new stage of capitalism. By stimulating consumption, the guiding content of the whole society changes, and consumption itself becomes a driving force of the society. This transformation is called the second revolution of bourgeois society, which means that the West has entered the era of comprehensive consumption.
From the end of the 19 th century to the beginning of the 20 th century, the meaning of consumption changed from a passive process to an active process, capitalist society began to change into a consumer society. The emergence of the Ford system, the improvement of consumption capacity, the increase of leisure time and the development of electronic media constitute the components of the consumer society. Among them, there are three ways to understand the function of electronic media in consumer society. One is that media is a tool of manipulation, media is information, and media is a tool of manipulation, but the information receivers can decode it in another way. The constituent elements of the consumer society have a series of influences on 'the social existence', including the confusion of social reality and image, the fragmentation of reality, the construction of people as the subject of desire, and the change in people's psychological concept or consciousness itself. Consumer society is a new stage of capitalism. By stimulating consumption, the guiding content of the whole society changes, and consumption itself becomes a driving force of the society. This transformation is called the second revolution of bourgeois society, which means that the West has entered the era of comprehensive consumption.
引文
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[6][美]大卫·理斯曼.孤独的人群[M].王崑,朱虹译.南京:南京大学出版社,2002.
[2][加]马歇尔·麦克卢汉.理解媒介[M].何道宽译.南京:译林出版社,2011.
[3][德]瓦尔特·本雅明.机械复制时代的艺术作品[M].王才勇译.北京:中国城市出版社,2002.
[4][法]居伊·德波.景观社会[M].王昭风译.南京:南京大学出版社,2007.
[5][美]丹尼尔·贝尔.资本主义文化矛盾[M].赵一凡,蒲隆,任晓晋译.上海:上海三联书店,1989.
[6][美]大卫·理斯曼.孤独的人群[M].王崑,朱虹译.南京:南京大学出版社,2002.