基于“质量-风险-需求”框架的武汉市生态安全格局构建
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摘要
生态安全格局旨在维护景观格局的整体性与生态过程的连续性,以保障城市生态安全.当前的生态源地识别方法缺乏对生态用地退化风险以及人类生态需求的考虑.本研究以武汉市为例,从生态用地质量、生态退化风险以及生态需求3方面计算生态用地的综合价值以识别生态源地,根据土地利用类型和夜间灯光数据构建基本生态阻力面,基于最小累积阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道,基于电路理论识别生态"夹点",在此基础上构建了"四横三纵十组团"的武汉市生态安全格局.结果表明:武汉市生态源地面积为2138.2 km~2,占市域面积的24.9%,以水域和林地为主,呈组团形态集中分布在市域南北.生态廊道总长度为1222.42 km,其中,水生廊道566.75 km,陆生廊道为655.67 km,水生廊道贯穿市域呈十字型构架,陆生廊道呈环状分布在市域四周,整体上呈现出"四横三纵"的空间格局,生态廊道上共有生态"夹点"44处,以中心城区为核呈环状分布格局.现有保护空间基本落入生态源地范围,证明了识别框架的生态意义,能够为都市区域生态安全格局的构建提供一个量化框架,以指导相关的城市空间规划.
The ecological security pattern aims to maintain the integrity of landscape pattern and the continuity of ecological process to ensure urban ecological security. Current ecological source identification methods lack the consideration for ecological land degradation risks and human ecological needs. Taking Wuhan City as an example,the comprehensive value of ecological land was calculated from three aspects,including ecological land quality,ecological degradation risk,and ecological demand to identify ecological source areas. Basic ecological resistance surfaces were constructed based on land use types and nighttime light data. Potential ecological corridors were identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model. Ecological "pinch points"were recognized based on circuit theory. After that,we built a"four horizontal,three vertical and ten groups"ecological safety pattern in Wuhan. The results showed that the area of ecological land in Wuhan was 2138.2 km~2,accounting for 24.9% of the total area of the city. These areas were primarily attributed to waters and foress,clustering in the north and south of the city. The total length of ecological corridors was1222.42 km,with 566.75 km aquatic corridors and 655.67 km land corridors. The aquatic corridors traversed the city area to form a double cross-shaped pattern. The land corridors circularly distributed around the city. Comprehensively,the "four horizontal and three vertical"spatial pattern had appeared. There were a total of 44 ecological pinch points on the ecological corridor,distributed circularly with the central city as the kernel. The extant protection space had almost been included in the identified ecological source area,supporting the ecological significance of the identification framework. It would help to provide a quantitative framework for the construction of ecological security pattern in the metropolitan area and to guide the relevant urban spatial planning.
The ecological security pattern aims to maintain the integrity of landscape pattern and the continuity of ecological process to ensure urban ecological security. Current ecological source identification methods lack the consideration for ecological land degradation risks and human ecological needs. Taking Wuhan City as an example,the comprehensive value of ecological land was calculated from three aspects,including ecological land quality,ecological degradation risk,and ecological demand to identify ecological source areas. Basic ecological resistance surfaces were constructed based on land use types and nighttime light data. Potential ecological corridors were identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model. Ecological "pinch points"were recognized based on circuit theory. After that,we built a"four horizontal,three vertical and ten groups"ecological safety pattern in Wuhan. The results showed that the area of ecological land in Wuhan was 2138.2 km~2,accounting for 24.9% of the total area of the city. These areas were primarily attributed to waters and foress,clustering in the north and south of the city. The total length of ecological corridors was1222.42 km,with 566.75 km aquatic corridors and 655.67 km land corridors. The aquatic corridors traversed the city area to form a double cross-shaped pattern. The land corridors circularly distributed around the city. Comprehensively,the "four horizontal and three vertical"spatial pattern had appeared. There were a total of 44 ecological pinch points on the ecological corridor,distributed circularly with the central city as the kernel. The extant protection space had almost been included in the identified ecological source area,supporting the ecological significance of the identification framework. It would help to provide a quantitative framework for the construction of ecological security pattern in the metropolitan area and to guide the relevant urban spatial planning.
引文
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[2] Warntz W. The opology of a socio-economic terrain and spatial flows. Papers in Regional Science,1966,17:47-61
[3] Forman RTT,Godron M. Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology. Bio Science,1981,31:733-740
[4] Yu K-J(俞孔坚). Landscape ecological security pattern in biological conservation. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),1999,19(1):8-15(in Chinese)
[5] Li Y(李雁),Zhao K(赵坤),Fang J-Y(方精云),et al. Land use change in urban lake watershed:A case study at Donghu Lake,Wuhan. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2004,13(3):229-233(in Chinese)
[6] Zeng H(曾辉),Tang J(唐江),Guo Q-H(郭庆华). A landscape of element transferring pattern and change stage of Changping town in eastern part of Zhujiang delta area. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),1999,19(1):74-78(in Chinese)
[7] Shi J-A(史纪安),Chen L-X(陈利顶),Shi J-T(史俊通),et al. Regional characteristics and driving mechanism of land use/cover change in Yulin Prefecture,Shanxi. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2003,23(4):493-498(in Chinese)
[8] Wang Y-J(王永军),Li T-S(李团胜),Liu K(刘康),et al. Landscape patterns and fragmentation in Yulin Prefecture. Resource Science(资源科学),2005,27(2):161-166(in Chinese)
[9] He L(何玲),Jia Q-J(贾启建),Li C(李超),et al. Land use pattern simulation based on ecosystem service value and ecological security pattern. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2016,32(3):275-284(in Chinese)
[10] He D(何丹),Jin F-J(金凤君),Zhou J(周璟). The changes of land use and landscape pattern based on Logistic-CA-Markov Model:A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2011,31(8):903-910(in Chinese)
[11] Lu Y(陆禹),She J-Y(佘济云),Chen C-H(陈彩虹),et al. Landscape ecological security pattern optimization based on the granularity inverse method:A case study in Xiuying District,Haikou. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2015,35(19):6384-6393(in Chinese)
[12] Gao Y,Zhang C,He Q. Urban ecological security simulation and prediction using an improved cellular automata(CA)approach:A case study for the city of Wuhan in China. International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2017,14:643-650
[13] Cheng Y-X(程迎轩),Wang H-M(王红梅),Liu G-S(刘光盛),et al. Spatial layout optimization for ecological land based on minimum cumulative resistance model.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2016,32(16):248-257(in Chinese)
[14] Zhang Q-P(张青萍),Yang L(杨柳),Jiao H-Z(焦洪赞). Reconstruction route of mountainous region,southwest of China land space based on improved minimum cumulative resistance model:A case study of Guiyang City. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science)(西南大学学报:自然科学版),2016,38(12):89-94(in Chinese)
[15] Zhong S-Y(钟式玉),Wu J(吴菁),Li Y(李宇),et al. Reconstruction of urban land space based on minimum cumulative resistance model:A case study of Xintang Town, Guangzhou City. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2012,23(11):3173-3179(in Chinese)
[16] Meng J-J(蒙吉军),Wang Y(王雅),Wang X-D(王晓东),et al. Construction of landscape ecological security pattern in Guiyang based on MCR model.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2016,25(7):1052-1061(in Chinese)
[17] Wang Q(王琦),Fu M-D(付梦娣),Wei L(魏来),et al. Urban ecological security pattern based on source-sink landscape theory and MCR model:A case study of Ningguo City,Anhui Province. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(12):4546-4554(in Chinese)
[18] Peng J(彭建),Li H-L(李慧蕾),Liu Y-X(刘焱序),et al. Identification and optimization of ecological security pattern in Xiong’an New Area. Acta Geographica Sinica(地理学报),2018,73(4):1-10(in Chinese)
[19] Wu J-S(吴健生),Zhang L-Q(张理卿),Peng J(彭建),et al. The integrated recognition of the source area of the urban ecological security pattern in Shenzhen.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(13):4125-4133(in Chinese)
[20] Qu Y(曲艺),Lu M(陆明). Construction of urban ecological security pattern based on biodiversity conservation. Urban Development Studies(城市发展研究),2017,24(4):134-137(in Chinese)
[21] Li M-Y(李明玉),Tian F-H(田丰昊),Dong Y-Z(董玉芝). Space identification of ecological importance and protection on urban ecological land in YanjiLongjing-Tumen Area. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2016,36(12):1870-1876(in Chinese)
[22] Peng J(彭建),Guo X-N(郭小楠),Hu Y-N(胡熠娜),et al. Constructing ecological security patterns in mountain areas based on geological disaster sensitivity:A case study in Yuxi City,Yunnan Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(2):627-635(in Chinese)
[23] Gaaff A,Reinhard S. Incorporating the value of ecological networks into cost-benefit analysis to improve spatially explicit land-use planning. Ecological Economics,2012,73:66-74
[24] Pan J-Q(潘建桥),Chen X-Q(陈小清),Bian Y(卞云),et al. Wuhan Statistical Yearbook 2016. Beijing:China Statistical Press 2016(in Chinese)
[25] Xie G-D(谢高地),Zhang C-X(张彩霞),Zhang C-S(张昌顺),et al. The value of ecosystem services in China. Resources Science(资源科学),2015,37(9):1740-1746(in Chinese)
[26] Nelson E,Mendoza G,Regetz J,et al. Modeling multiple ecosystem services,biodiversity conservation,commodity production,and tradeoffs at landscape scales.Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2009,7:4-11
[27] Wu J-S(吴健生),Mao J-Y(毛家颖),Lin Q(林倩),et al.. Urban growth boundary based on the evaluation of habitat quality:Taking the Yangtze River delta as an example. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2017,37(1):28-36(in Chinese)
[28] Guo H-W(郭洪伟),Sun X-Y(孙小银),Lian L-S(廉丽姝),et al. Response of water yield function of ecosystem to land use change in Nansi Lake Basin based on CLUE-S model and In VEST model. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(9):2899-2906(in Chinese)
[29] Peng C-J(彭聪姣),Qian J-W(钱家炜),Guo X-D(郭旭东),et al. Vegetation carbon stocks and net primary productivity of the mangrove forests in Shenzhen,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(7):2059-2065(in Chinese)
[30] Gao Q-Z(高清竹),Wan Y-F(万运帆),Li Y-E(李玉娥),et al. Grass land net primary productivity and its spatio-temporal distribution in Northern Tibet:A study with CASA model. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(11):2526-2532(in Chinese)
[31] Zhu W-Q(朱文泉),Pan Y-Z(潘耀忠),He H(何浩),et al. Simulation of maximum light utilization rate of typical vegetation in China. Chinese Science Bulletin(科学通报),2006,51(6):700-706(in Chinese)
[32] Zhou G-S(周广胜),Zhang X-S(张新时). Study on NPP of natural vegetation in China under global climate change. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica(植物生态学报),1996,20(1):11-19(in Chinese)
[33] Zhang X-S(张新时),Zhou G-S(周广胜). Study of global change and terrestrial ecosystem in China. Earth Science Frontiers(地学前缘),1997(2):137-144(in Chinese)
[34] Dou H-S(窦鸿身),Wang S-M(王苏民),Jiang J-H(姜加虎),et al. On the principles,scale division and procedures of comprehensive classification of Chinese lakes. Journal of Lake Science(湖泊科学),1996(2):173-178(in Chinese)
[35] Zan Z(臧卓),Zhang Y-N(张亚男). Study on landscape pattern and connectivity with different scale of urban green space. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(25):49-55(in Chinese)
[36] Peng J,Pan Y,Liu Y,et al. Linking ecological degradation risk to identify ecological security patterns in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. Habitat International,2018,71:110-124
[37] Peng J,Zhao M,Guo X,et al. Spatial-temporal dynamics and associated driving forces of urban ecological land:A case study in Shenzhen City,China. Habitat International,2017,60:81-90
[38] Peng J,Liu Y,Wu J,et al. Linking ecosystem services and landscape patterns to assess urban ecosystem health:A case study in Shenzhen City,China. Landscape&Urban Planning,2015,143:56-68
[39] Fu M-D(付梦娣),Luo J-W(罗建武),Tian Y(田瑜),et al. Establishment and fine-tuning of nature reserve networks based on minimum cumulative resistance model:A case study of Mountain Qinling region. Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2018,37(4):1135-1143(in Chinese)
[40] McRae BH,Dickson BG,Keitt TH,et al. Using circuit theory to model connectivity in ecology,evolution,and conservation. Ecology,2008,89:2712-2724
[41] Song L-L(宋利利),Qin M-Z(秦明周). Identification of ecological corridors and its importance by integrating circuit theory. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(10):3344-3352(in Chinese)
[42] Editorial Committee of Atlas of Wuhan(《武汉市地图集》编撰委员会). Atlas of Wuhan. Beijing:Sino Maps Press,2015(in Chinese)
[43] Peng B-F(彭保发),Zheng Y(郑俞),Liu Y(刘宇). Coupling ecosystem services and regional ecological security pattern. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2018,38(3):361-367(in Chinese)
[2] Warntz W. The opology of a socio-economic terrain and spatial flows. Papers in Regional Science,1966,17:47-61
[3] Forman RTT,Godron M. Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology. Bio Science,1981,31:733-740
[4] Yu K-J(俞孔坚). Landscape ecological security pattern in biological conservation. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),1999,19(1):8-15(in Chinese)
[5] Li Y(李雁),Zhao K(赵坤),Fang J-Y(方精云),et al. Land use change in urban lake watershed:A case study at Donghu Lake,Wuhan. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2004,13(3):229-233(in Chinese)
[6] Zeng H(曾辉),Tang J(唐江),Guo Q-H(郭庆华). A landscape of element transferring pattern and change stage of Changping town in eastern part of Zhujiang delta area. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),1999,19(1):74-78(in Chinese)
[7] Shi J-A(史纪安),Chen L-X(陈利顶),Shi J-T(史俊通),et al. Regional characteristics and driving mechanism of land use/cover change in Yulin Prefecture,Shanxi. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2003,23(4):493-498(in Chinese)
[8] Wang Y-J(王永军),Li T-S(李团胜),Liu K(刘康),et al. Landscape patterns and fragmentation in Yulin Prefecture. Resource Science(资源科学),2005,27(2):161-166(in Chinese)
[9] He L(何玲),Jia Q-J(贾启建),Li C(李超),et al. Land use pattern simulation based on ecosystem service value and ecological security pattern. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2016,32(3):275-284(in Chinese)
[10] He D(何丹),Jin F-J(金凤君),Zhou J(周璟). The changes of land use and landscape pattern based on Logistic-CA-Markov Model:A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2011,31(8):903-910(in Chinese)
[11] Lu Y(陆禹),She J-Y(佘济云),Chen C-H(陈彩虹),et al. Landscape ecological security pattern optimization based on the granularity inverse method:A case study in Xiuying District,Haikou. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2015,35(19):6384-6393(in Chinese)
[12] Gao Y,Zhang C,He Q. Urban ecological security simulation and prediction using an improved cellular automata(CA)approach:A case study for the city of Wuhan in China. International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2017,14:643-650
[13] Cheng Y-X(程迎轩),Wang H-M(王红梅),Liu G-S(刘光盛),et al. Spatial layout optimization for ecological land based on minimum cumulative resistance model.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2016,32(16):248-257(in Chinese)
[14] Zhang Q-P(张青萍),Yang L(杨柳),Jiao H-Z(焦洪赞). Reconstruction route of mountainous region,southwest of China land space based on improved minimum cumulative resistance model:A case study of Guiyang City. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science)(西南大学学报:自然科学版),2016,38(12):89-94(in Chinese)
[15] Zhong S-Y(钟式玉),Wu J(吴菁),Li Y(李宇),et al. Reconstruction of urban land space based on minimum cumulative resistance model:A case study of Xintang Town, Guangzhou City. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2012,23(11):3173-3179(in Chinese)
[16] Meng J-J(蒙吉军),Wang Y(王雅),Wang X-D(王晓东),et al. Construction of landscape ecological security pattern in Guiyang based on MCR model.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(长江流域资源与环境),2016,25(7):1052-1061(in Chinese)
[17] Wang Q(王琦),Fu M-D(付梦娣),Wei L(魏来),et al. Urban ecological security pattern based on source-sink landscape theory and MCR model:A case study of Ningguo City,Anhui Province. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(12):4546-4554(in Chinese)
[18] Peng J(彭建),Li H-L(李慧蕾),Liu Y-X(刘焱序),et al. Identification and optimization of ecological security pattern in Xiong’an New Area. Acta Geographica Sinica(地理学报),2018,73(4):1-10(in Chinese)
[19] Wu J-S(吴健生),Zhang L-Q(张理卿),Peng J(彭建),et al. The integrated recognition of the source area of the urban ecological security pattern in Shenzhen.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2013,33(13):4125-4133(in Chinese)
[20] Qu Y(曲艺),Lu M(陆明). Construction of urban ecological security pattern based on biodiversity conservation. Urban Development Studies(城市发展研究),2017,24(4):134-137(in Chinese)
[21] Li M-Y(李明玉),Tian F-H(田丰昊),Dong Y-Z(董玉芝). Space identification of ecological importance and protection on urban ecological land in YanjiLongjing-Tumen Area. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2016,36(12):1870-1876(in Chinese)
[22] Peng J(彭建),Guo X-N(郭小楠),Hu Y-N(胡熠娜),et al. Constructing ecological security patterns in mountain areas based on geological disaster sensitivity:A case study in Yuxi City,Yunnan Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(2):627-635(in Chinese)
[23] Gaaff A,Reinhard S. Incorporating the value of ecological networks into cost-benefit analysis to improve spatially explicit land-use planning. Ecological Economics,2012,73:66-74
[24] Pan J-Q(潘建桥),Chen X-Q(陈小清),Bian Y(卞云),et al. Wuhan Statistical Yearbook 2016. Beijing:China Statistical Press 2016(in Chinese)
[25] Xie G-D(谢高地),Zhang C-X(张彩霞),Zhang C-S(张昌顺),et al. The value of ecosystem services in China. Resources Science(资源科学),2015,37(9):1740-1746(in Chinese)
[26] Nelson E,Mendoza G,Regetz J,et al. Modeling multiple ecosystem services,biodiversity conservation,commodity production,and tradeoffs at landscape scales.Frontiers in Ecology&the Environment,2009,7:4-11
[27] Wu J-S(吴健生),Mao J-Y(毛家颖),Lin Q(林倩),et al.. Urban growth boundary based on the evaluation of habitat quality:Taking the Yangtze River delta as an example. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2017,37(1):28-36(in Chinese)
[28] Guo H-W(郭洪伟),Sun X-Y(孙小银),Lian L-S(廉丽姝),et al. Response of water yield function of ecosystem to land use change in Nansi Lake Basin based on CLUE-S model and In VEST model. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(9):2899-2906(in Chinese)
[29] Peng C-J(彭聪姣),Qian J-W(钱家炜),Guo X-D(郭旭东),et al. Vegetation carbon stocks and net primary productivity of the mangrove forests in Shenzhen,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(7):2059-2065(in Chinese)
[30] Gao Q-Z(高清竹),Wan Y-F(万运帆),Li Y-E(李玉娥),et al. Grass land net primary productivity and its spatio-temporal distribution in Northern Tibet:A study with CASA model. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(11):2526-2532(in Chinese)
[31] Zhu W-Q(朱文泉),Pan Y-Z(潘耀忠),He H(何浩),et al. Simulation of maximum light utilization rate of typical vegetation in China. Chinese Science Bulletin(科学通报),2006,51(6):700-706(in Chinese)
[32] Zhou G-S(周广胜),Zhang X-S(张新时). Study on NPP of natural vegetation in China under global climate change. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica(植物生态学报),1996,20(1):11-19(in Chinese)
[33] Zhang X-S(张新时),Zhou G-S(周广胜). Study of global change and terrestrial ecosystem in China. Earth Science Frontiers(地学前缘),1997(2):137-144(in Chinese)
[34] Dou H-S(窦鸿身),Wang S-M(王苏民),Jiang J-H(姜加虎),et al. On the principles,scale division and procedures of comprehensive classification of Chinese lakes. Journal of Lake Science(湖泊科学),1996(2):173-178(in Chinese)
[35] Zan Z(臧卓),Zhang Y-N(张亚男). Study on landscape pattern and connectivity with different scale of urban green space. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中国农学通报),2011,27(25):49-55(in Chinese)
[36] Peng J,Pan Y,Liu Y,et al. Linking ecological degradation risk to identify ecological security patterns in a rapidly urbanizing landscape. Habitat International,2018,71:110-124
[37] Peng J,Zhao M,Guo X,et al. Spatial-temporal dynamics and associated driving forces of urban ecological land:A case study in Shenzhen City,China. Habitat International,2017,60:81-90
[38] Peng J,Liu Y,Wu J,et al. Linking ecosystem services and landscape patterns to assess urban ecosystem health:A case study in Shenzhen City,China. Landscape&Urban Planning,2015,143:56-68
[39] Fu M-D(付梦娣),Luo J-W(罗建武),Tian Y(田瑜),et al. Establishment and fine-tuning of nature reserve networks based on minimum cumulative resistance model:A case study of Mountain Qinling region. Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2018,37(4):1135-1143(in Chinese)
[40] McRae BH,Dickson BG,Keitt TH,et al. Using circuit theory to model connectivity in ecology,evolution,and conservation. Ecology,2008,89:2712-2724
[41] Song L-L(宋利利),Qin M-Z(秦明周). Identification of ecological corridors and its importance by integrating circuit theory. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(10):3344-3352(in Chinese)
[42] Editorial Committee of Atlas of Wuhan(《武汉市地图集》编撰委员会). Atlas of Wuhan. Beijing:Sino Maps Press,2015(in Chinese)
[43] Peng B-F(彭保发),Zheng Y(郑俞),Liu Y(刘宇). Coupling ecosystem services and regional ecological security pattern. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2018,38(3):361-367(in Chinese)