表面活性剂对纳米流体真空制取冰浆的影响?
|
摘要
为了研究表面活性剂对纳米流体真空制取冰浆的影响,分别以阴离子型SDBS、阳离子型CTAB、非离子型TNWDIS、两性型DESB作为纳米Al_2O_3、纳米Fe_2O_3、纳米TiO2及MWCNT的分散剂,通过引入固体吸附模块,进行了真空制冰实验。结果表明,过冷度、含冰率、闪蒸压力及闪蒸率受不同类型表面活性剂的影响较大;针对纳米流体在真空制冰中的应用,建议以纳米Fe_2O_3作为制冰工质添加剂,CTAB作为表面活性剂,此时过冷度最小达0.55℃,较蒸馏水减少了89.28%,含冰率最大达33.41%,较蒸馏水增加了96.53%。
Effects of surfactants on vacuum ice-making of Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3, TiO_2 and MWCNT nano-fluids under adsorption conditions were studied. The surfactants used were anionic SDBS, cationic CTAB, non-ionic TNWDIS and amphoteric DESB. The experimental results show that:(1) surfactant type has great impact during vacuum ice-making on ice slurry properties, such as supercooling degree, ice packing factor, flash pressure and vacuum flash rate.(2) The best experimental condition for vacuum flash ice-making is using nano-Fe_2O_3 serves as the additive and CTAB as the surfactant. The minimum supercooling degree is 0.55 ℃,which is reduced by 89.28% comparing with distilled water, and the maximum ice packing factor is 33.41%,which is increased by 96.53%.
Effects of surfactants on vacuum ice-making of Al_2O_3, Fe_2O_3, TiO_2 and MWCNT nano-fluids under adsorption conditions were studied. The surfactants used were anionic SDBS, cationic CTAB, non-ionic TNWDIS and amphoteric DESB. The experimental results show that:(1) surfactant type has great impact during vacuum ice-making on ice slurry properties, such as supercooling degree, ice packing factor, flash pressure and vacuum flash rate.(2) The best experimental condition for vacuum flash ice-making is using nano-Fe_2O_3 serves as the additive and CTAB as the surfactant. The minimum supercooling degree is 0.55 ℃,which is reduced by 89.28% comparing with distilled water, and the maximum ice packing factor is 33.41%,which is increased by 96.53%.
引文
[1]ARTECONI A,HEWITT N J,POLONARA F.State of the art of thermal storage for demandside management[J].Applied Energy,2012,93(5):371-389.
[2]ZHOU D,ZHAO C Y,TIAN Y.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials(PCMs)in building applications[J].Applied Energy,2012,92(4):593-605.
[3]EGOLF P W,KAUFFELD M.From physical properties of ice slurries to industrial ice slurry applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(1):4-12.
[4]方贵银,邢琳,杨帆.动态冰浆蓄冷空调系统及特性[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,75(6):48-50.FANG G Y,XING L,YANG F.Dynamic ice slurries storage systems and its characteristics[J].Power Demand Side Management,2005,75(6):48-50.
[5]KAUFFELD M,WANG M J,GOLDSTEIN V,et al.Ice slurry applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1491-1505.
[6]董昕玥.真空制冰矿井降温输冰关键技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.DONG X Y.Research on key technologies of Transporting ice in vacuum ice for deep mine cooling[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2013.
[7]张皖君,蓝蔚青,肖蕾,等.流化冰在水产品保鲜中的应用研究进展[J].食品与机械,2016,32(7):214-218.ZHANG W J,LAN W Q,XIAO L,et al.Progress on application research of fresh ice for aquatic products preservation[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(7):214-218.
[8]郝玲,刘圣春,杨旭凯.动态冰浆的应用及制取方法的现状及展望[J].制冷与空调,2014,14(11):1-10.HAO L,LIU S C,YANG X K.The present situation and outlook about application fields and generation methods of ice slurry[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2014,14(11):1-10.
[9]金从卓,赵莲晋,马腾跃,等.真空喷雾法制取冰浆的理论分析研究[J].流体机械,2011,39(5):61-65,57.JIN C Z,ZHAO L J,MA T Y,et al.Theoretical analysis of ice slurry production by water spray evaporation method[J].Fluid Machinery,2011,39(5):61-65,57.
[10]SQTOH I,FUSHINOBU K,HASHIMOTO Y,et al.Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation-heat transfer dominating the evaporation-freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,25(2):226-234.
[11]赵凯璇,赵建福,陈淑玲,等.液滴真空闪蒸冻结过程的热动力学研究[J].空间科学学报,2011,31(1):57-62.ZHAO K X,ZHAO J F,CHEN S L,et al.Thermodynamics of flashing/freezing process of a droplet in vacuum[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2011,31(1):57-62.
[12]马军,赵红霞,韩吉田.水滴在真空室内结晶过程的模拟[J].制冷与空调(四川),2012,26(3):213-218.MA J,ZHAO H X,HAN J T.Modeling crystallization of a water droplet inside a vacuum chamber[J].Refrigeration&Air conditioning,2012,26(3):213-218.
[13]赵红霞,孙冰洁,冀翠莲,等.真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统分析[J].化工学报,2013,64(8):2724-2729.ZHAO H X,SUN B J,JI C L,et al.Exergy analysis on ice slurry production system by water spray evaporation in vacuum environment[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(8):2724-2729.
[14]刘志坚.船舶尾气吸附式制冷冰机的性能研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2011.LIU Z J.Research on properties of an adsorption ice maker driven by exhaust gas in vessels[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2011.
[15]吴德平.吸收式二元冰制备系统的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2010.WU D P.The study on absorption binary ice preparation system[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2010.
[16]ZHANG X,LI Y,WANG Y,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of ethanol solution’s vacuum flash under adsorption condition[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,116(4):648-654.
[17]吴鹏,张学军,邱利民,等.二元冰蓄冷系统中的纳米添加剂成核特性研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2009,43(9):1668-1671.WU P,ZHANG X J,QIU L M,et al.Nucleation characteristics of nano-additives in binary ice thermal storage system[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2009,43(9):1668-1671.
[18]MAXWELL J C.A treatise on electricity and magnetism[M].New York:Dover Publications,1954.
[19]宣益民,李强.纳米流体能量传递理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.XUAN Y M,LI Q.An overview on nanofluids and applications[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[20]李强.纳米流体强化传热机理研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.LI Q.Investigation on enhanced heat transfer of nanofluids[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2004.
[21]HU Z S,DONG J X,CHEN G X.Study on antiwear and reducing friction additive of nanometer ferric oxide[J].Tribology International,1998,31(7):355-360.
[22]吴淑英,朱冬生,杨硕.Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变蓄冷实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2009,30(6):981-983.WU S Y,ZHU D S,YANG S.Experimental study on phase change cool storage of AL2O3-H2O nanofluids[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2009,30(6):981-983.
[23]ATO T,KOHNOSU S.Effect of surfactant concentration on the stability of aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,1991,143(2):434-439.
[24]GHADIMI A,METSELAAR I H.The influence of surfactant and ultrasonic processing on improvement of stability,thermal conductivity and viscosity of titania nanofluid[J].Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2013,51(11):1-9.
[25]HWANG Y,LEE J K,LEE J K,et al.Production and dispersion stability of nanoparticles in nanofluids[J].Powder Technology,2008,186(2):145-153.
[26]施赛燕,崔晓钰,周宇,等.石墨烯/去离子水纳米流体振荡热管传热性能[J].化工学报,2016,67(12):4944-4950.SHI S Y,CUI X Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe with graphene aqueous nano-fluids[J].CIESCJournal,2016,67(12):4944-4950.
[27]徐会金,巩亮,黄善波,等.金属泡沫内纳米流体强化传热研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(8):1586-1590.XU H J,GONG L,HUANG S B,et al.Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid in metal foams[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(8):1586-1590.
[28]刘玉东,李鑫.纳米流体的低温蓄冷释冷特性及其谷电蓄冷应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2779-2787.LIU Y D,LI X.Cold charge and discharge characteristics of nanofluids and its application to ice storage using valley electricity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2779-2787.
[29]KUMANO H,HIRATA T,SHIRAKAWA M,et al.Flow characteristics of ice slurry in narrow tubes[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1513-1522.
[30]ASAOKA T,TAJIMA A,KUMANO H.Experimental investigation on inhomogeneity of ice packing factor in ice slurry flow[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2016,70(10):33-41.
[2]ZHOU D,ZHAO C Y,TIAN Y.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials(PCMs)in building applications[J].Applied Energy,2012,92(4):593-605.
[3]EGOLF P W,KAUFFELD M.From physical properties of ice slurries to industrial ice slurry applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(1):4-12.
[4]方贵银,邢琳,杨帆.动态冰浆蓄冷空调系统及特性[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,75(6):48-50.FANG G Y,XING L,YANG F.Dynamic ice slurries storage systems and its characteristics[J].Power Demand Side Management,2005,75(6):48-50.
[5]KAUFFELD M,WANG M J,GOLDSTEIN V,et al.Ice slurry applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1491-1505.
[6]董昕玥.真空制冰矿井降温输冰关键技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.DONG X Y.Research on key technologies of Transporting ice in vacuum ice for deep mine cooling[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2013.
[7]张皖君,蓝蔚青,肖蕾,等.流化冰在水产品保鲜中的应用研究进展[J].食品与机械,2016,32(7):214-218.ZHANG W J,LAN W Q,XIAO L,et al.Progress on application research of fresh ice for aquatic products preservation[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(7):214-218.
[8]郝玲,刘圣春,杨旭凯.动态冰浆的应用及制取方法的现状及展望[J].制冷与空调,2014,14(11):1-10.HAO L,LIU S C,YANG X K.The present situation and outlook about application fields and generation methods of ice slurry[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2014,14(11):1-10.
[9]金从卓,赵莲晋,马腾跃,等.真空喷雾法制取冰浆的理论分析研究[J].流体机械,2011,39(5):61-65,57.JIN C Z,ZHAO L J,MA T Y,et al.Theoretical analysis of ice slurry production by water spray evaporation method[J].Fluid Machinery,2011,39(5):61-65,57.
[10]SQTOH I,FUSHINOBU K,HASHIMOTO Y,et al.Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation-heat transfer dominating the evaporation-freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristics[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2002,25(2):226-234.
[11]赵凯璇,赵建福,陈淑玲,等.液滴真空闪蒸冻结过程的热动力学研究[J].空间科学学报,2011,31(1):57-62.ZHAO K X,ZHAO J F,CHEN S L,et al.Thermodynamics of flashing/freezing process of a droplet in vacuum[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2011,31(1):57-62.
[12]马军,赵红霞,韩吉田.水滴在真空室内结晶过程的模拟[J].制冷与空调(四川),2012,26(3):213-218.MA J,ZHAO H X,HAN J T.Modeling crystallization of a water droplet inside a vacuum chamber[J].Refrigeration&Air conditioning,2012,26(3):213-218.
[13]赵红霞,孙冰洁,冀翠莲,等.真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统分析[J].化工学报,2013,64(8):2724-2729.ZHAO H X,SUN B J,JI C L,et al.Exergy analysis on ice slurry production system by water spray evaporation in vacuum environment[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(8):2724-2729.
[14]刘志坚.船舶尾气吸附式制冷冰机的性能研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2011.LIU Z J.Research on properties of an adsorption ice maker driven by exhaust gas in vessels[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2011.
[15]吴德平.吸收式二元冰制备系统的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2010.WU D P.The study on absorption binary ice preparation system[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2010.
[16]ZHANG X,LI Y,WANG Y,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of ethanol solution’s vacuum flash under adsorption condition[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,116(4):648-654.
[17]吴鹏,张学军,邱利民,等.二元冰蓄冷系统中的纳米添加剂成核特性研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2009,43(9):1668-1671.WU P,ZHANG X J,QIU L M,et al.Nucleation characteristics of nano-additives in binary ice thermal storage system[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2009,43(9):1668-1671.
[18]MAXWELL J C.A treatise on electricity and magnetism[M].New York:Dover Publications,1954.
[19]宣益民,李强.纳米流体能量传递理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.XUAN Y M,LI Q.An overview on nanofluids and applications[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.
[20]李强.纳米流体强化传热机理研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2004.LI Q.Investigation on enhanced heat transfer of nanofluids[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2004.
[21]HU Z S,DONG J X,CHEN G X.Study on antiwear and reducing friction additive of nanometer ferric oxide[J].Tribology International,1998,31(7):355-360.
[22]吴淑英,朱冬生,杨硕.Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变蓄冷实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2009,30(6):981-983.WU S Y,ZHU D S,YANG S.Experimental study on phase change cool storage of AL2O3-H2O nanofluids[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2009,30(6):981-983.
[23]ATO T,KOHNOSU S.Effect of surfactant concentration on the stability of aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,1991,143(2):434-439.
[24]GHADIMI A,METSELAAR I H.The influence of surfactant and ultrasonic processing on improvement of stability,thermal conductivity and viscosity of titania nanofluid[J].Experimental Thermal&Fluid Science,2013,51(11):1-9.
[25]HWANG Y,LEE J K,LEE J K,et al.Production and dispersion stability of nanoparticles in nanofluids[J].Powder Technology,2008,186(2):145-153.
[26]施赛燕,崔晓钰,周宇,等.石墨烯/去离子水纳米流体振荡热管传热性能[J].化工学报,2016,67(12):4944-4950.SHI S Y,CUI X Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe with graphene aqueous nano-fluids[J].CIESCJournal,2016,67(12):4944-4950.
[27]徐会金,巩亮,黄善波,等.金属泡沫内纳米流体强化传热研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(8):1586-1590.XU H J,GONG L,HUANG S B,et al.Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid in metal foams[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(8):1586-1590.
[28]刘玉东,李鑫.纳米流体的低温蓄冷释冷特性及其谷电蓄冷应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2779-2787.LIU Y D,LI X.Cold charge and discharge characteristics of nanofluids and its application to ice storage using valley electricity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2779-2787.
[29]KUMANO H,HIRATA T,SHIRAKAWA M,et al.Flow characteristics of ice slurry in narrow tubes[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2010,33(8):1513-1522.
[30]ASAOKA T,TAJIMA A,KUMANO H.Experimental investigation on inhomogeneity of ice packing factor in ice slurry flow[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2016,70(10):33-41.