Platelet-rich plasma for muscle injuries: A systematic review of the basic science literature
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摘要
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) is an increasingly used biologic adjunct for muscle injuries, as it is thought to expedite healing. Despite its widespread use, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which PRP produces its efficacious effects in some patients.AIM To clarify the effects of PRP on muscular pathologies at the cellular and tissue levels by evaluating the basic science literature.METHODS A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses(PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. Level III in vivo and in vitro studies examining PRP effects on muscles, myocytes and/or myoblasts were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data included PRP preparation methods and study results.RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included(15 in vivo, 6 in vitro, 2 in vitro/in vivo). Only one reported a complete PRP cytology(platelets, and red and white blood cell counts). Five in vitro studies reported increased cellular proliferation, four reported increased gene expression, and three reported increased cellular differentiation. Five in vivo studies reported increased gene expression, three reported superior muscle regeneration, and seven reported improved histological quality of muscular tissue.CONCLUSION The basic science literature on the use of PRP in muscle pathology demonstrates that PRP treatment confers several potentially beneficial effects on healing in comparison to controls. Future research is needed to determine optimal cytology,dosing, timing, and delivery methods of PRP for muscle pathologies.
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) is an increasingly used biologic adjunct for muscle injuries, as it is thought to expedite healing. Despite its widespread use, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which PRP produces its efficacious effects in some patients.AIM To clarify the effects of PRP on muscular pathologies at the cellular and tissue levels by evaluating the basic science literature.METHODS A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses(PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. Level III in vivo and in vitro studies examining PRP effects on muscles, myocytes and/or myoblasts were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data included PRP preparation methods and study results.RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included(15 in vivo, 6 in vitro, 2 in vitro/in vivo). Only one reported a complete PRP cytology(platelets, and red and white blood cell counts). Five in vitro studies reported increased cellular proliferation, four reported increased gene expression, and three reported increased cellular differentiation. Five in vivo studies reported increased gene expression, three reported superior muscle regeneration, and seven reported improved histological quality of muscular tissue.CONCLUSION The basic science literature on the use of PRP in muscle pathology demonstrates that PRP treatment confers several potentially beneficial effects on healing in comparison to controls. Future research is needed to determine optimal cytology,dosing, timing, and delivery methods of PRP for muscle pathologies.
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) is an increasingly used biologic adjunct for muscle injuries, as it is thought to expedite healing. Despite its widespread use, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which PRP produces its efficacious effects in some patients.AIM To clarify the effects of PRP on muscular pathologies at the cellular and tissue levels by evaluating the basic science literature.METHODS A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses(PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. Level III in vivo and in vitro studies examining PRP effects on muscles, myocytes and/or myoblasts were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data included PRP preparation methods and study results.RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included(15 in vivo, 6 in vitro, 2 in vitro/in vivo). Only one reported a complete PRP cytology(platelets, and red and white blood cell counts). Five in vitro studies reported increased cellular proliferation, four reported increased gene expression, and three reported increased cellular differentiation. Five in vivo studies reported increased gene expression, three reported superior muscle regeneration, and seven reported improved histological quality of muscular tissue.CONCLUSION The basic science literature on the use of PRP in muscle pathology demonstrates that PRP treatment confers several potentially beneficial effects on healing in comparison to controls. Future research is needed to determine optimal cytology,dosing, timing, and delivery methods of PRP for muscle pathologies.
引文
1 McClure MJ,Garg K,Simpson DG,Ryan JJ,Sell SA,Bowlin GL,Ericksen JJ.The influence of plateletrich plasma on myogenic differentiation.J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016;10:E239-E249[PMID:23868863DOI:10.1002/term.1755]
2 Cunha RC,Francisco JC,Cardoso MA,Matos LF,Lino D,Simeoni RB,Pereira G,Irioda AC,Simeoni PR,Guarita-Souza LC,Carvalho KA.Effect of platelet-rich plasma therapy associated with exercise training in musculoskeletal healing in rats.Transplant Proc 2014;46:1879-1881[PMID:25131059 DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.063]
3 Delos D,Leineweber MJ,Chaudhury S,Alzoobaee S,Gao Y,Rodeo SA.The effect of platelet-rich plasma on muscle contusion healing in a rat model.Am J Sports Med 2014;42:2067-2074[PMID:25056987 DOI:10.1177/0363546514540272]
4 Cheng M,Wang H,Yoshida R,Murray MM.Platelets and plasma proteins are both required to stimulate collagen gene expression by anterior cruciate ligament cells in three-dimensional culture.Tissue Eng Part A 2010;16:1479-1489[PMID:19958169 DOI:10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0199]
5 Dhillon MS,Karna SK,Dhatt SS,Behera P,Bhatia A.Can Platelet rich plasma stimulate human ACLgrowth in culture?A preliminary experience.Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2015;5:156-161[PMID:26605188 DOI:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.156]
6 Hammond JW,Hinton RY,Curl LA,Muriel JM,Lovering RM.Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma to treat muscle strain injuries.Am J Sports Med 2009;37:1135-1142[PMID:19282509 DOI:10.1177/0363546508330974]
7 Mazzocca AD,McCarthy MB,Chowaniec DM,Dugdale EM,Hansen D,Cote MP,Bradley JP,Romeo AA,Arciero RA,Beitzel K.The positive effects of different platelet-rich plasma methods on human muscle,bone,and tendon cells.Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1742-1749[PMID:22802273 DOI:10.1177/0363546512452713]
8 Quarteiro ML,Tognini JR,de Oliveira EL,Silveira I.The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the repair of muscle injuries in rats.Rev Bras Ortop 2015;50:586-595[PMID:26535207 DOI:10.1016/j.rboe.2015.08.009]
9 Borrione P,Grasso L,Chierto E,Geuna S,Racca S,Abbadessa G,Ronchi G,Faiola F,Di Gianfrancesco A,Pigozzi F.Experimental model for the study of the effects of platelet-rich plasma on the early phases of muscle healing.Blood Transfus 2014;12 Suppl 1:s221-s228[PMID:23867182 DOI:10.2450/2013.0275-12]
10 Yoshioka T,Kanamori A,Washio T,Aoto K,Uemura K,Sakane M,Ochiai N.The effects of plasma rich in growth factors(PRGF-Endoret)on healing of medial collateral ligament of the knee.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;21:1763-1769[PMID:22527414 DOI:10.1007/s00167-012-2002-x]
11 Kelc R,Trapecar M,Gradisnik L,Rupnik MS,Vogrin M.Platelet-rich plasma,especially when combined with a TGF-βinhibitor promotes proliferation,viability and myogenic differentiation of myoblasts in vitro.PLoS One 2015;10:e0117302[PMID:25679956 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0117302]
12 Miroshnychenko O,Chang WT,Dragoo JL.The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts:Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration.Am J Sports Med 2017;45:945-953[PMID:28027451 DOI:10.1177/0363546516677547]
13 Tsai WC,Yu TY,Lin LP,Lin MS,Wu YC,Liao CH,Pang JS.Platelet rich plasma releasate promotes proliferation of skeletal muscle cells in association with upregulation of PCNA,cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases.Platelets 2017;28:491-497[PMID:27780401 DOI:10.1080/09537104.2016.1227061]
14 Tsai WC,Yu TY,Lin LP,Lin MS,Tsai TT,Pang JS.Platelet rich plasma promotes skeletal muscle cell migration in association with up-regulation of FAK,paxillin,and F-Actin formation.J Orthop Res 2017;35:2506-2512[PMID:28233384 DOI:10.1002/jor.23547]
15 Denapoli PM,Stilhano RS,Ingham SJ,Han SW,Abdalla RJ.Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Murine Model:Leukocytes,Growth Factors,Flt-1,and Muscle Healing.Am J Sports Med 2016;44:1962-1971[PMID:27217525 DOI:10.1177/0363546516646100]
16 Dimauro I,Grasso L,Fittipaldi S,Fantini C,Mercatelli N,Racca S,Geuna S,Di Gianfrancesco A,Caporossi D,Pigozzi F,Borrione P.Platelet-rich plasma and skeletal muscle healing:a molecular analysis of the early phases of the regeneration process in an experimental animal model.PLoS One 2014;9:e102993[PMID:25054279 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0102993]
17 Li H,Hicks JJ,Wang L,Oyster N,Philippon MJ,Hurwitz S,Hogan MV,Huard J.Customized plateletrich plasma with transforming growth factorβ1 neutralization antibody to reduce fibrosis in skeletal muscle.Biomaterials 2016;87:147-156[PMID:26923362 DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.017]
18 Harris NL,Huffer WE,von Stade E,Larson AI,Phinney S,Purnell ML.The effect of platelet-rich plasma on normal soft tissues in the rabbit.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012;94:786-793[PMID:22552667 DOI:10.2106/JBJS.J.00984]
19 Martins RP,Hartmann DD,de Moraes JP,Soares FA,Puntel GO.Platelet-rich plasma reduces the oxidative damage determined by a skeletal muscle contusion in rats.Platelets 2016;27:784-790[PMID:27255146 DOI:10.1080/09537104.2016.1184752]
20 Terada S,Ota S,Kobayashi M,Kobayashi T,Mifune Y,Takayama K,Witt M,VadalàG,Oyster N,Otsuka T,Fu FH,Huard J.Use of an antifibrotic agent improves the effect of platelet-rich plasma on muscle healing after injury.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95:980-988[PMID:23780535 DOI:10.2106/JBJS.L.00266]
21 Ozaki GA,Camargo RC,Koike TE,Garcia TA,Castoldi RC,Pereira JD,Constantino CJ,Camargo Filho JC.Analysis of photobiomodulation associated or not with platelet-rich plasma on repair of muscle tissue by Raman spectroscopy.Lasers Med Sci 2016;31:1891-1898[PMID:27649962 DOI:10.1007/s10103-016-2067-8]
22 Contreras-Mu?oz P,Torrella JR,Serres X,Rizo-Roca D,De la Varga M,Viscor G,Martínez-Ibá?ez V,PeiróJL,J?rvinen TAH,Rodas G,Marotta M.Postinjury Exercise and Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapies Improve Skeletal Muscle Healing in Rats But Are Not Synergistic When Combined.Am J Sports Med2017;45:2131-2141[PMID:28453295 DOI:10.1177/0363546517702864]
23 Gigante A,Del Torto M,Manzotti S,Cianforlini M,Busilacchi A,Davidson PA,Greco F,MattioliBelmonte M.Platelet rich fibrin matrix effects on skeletal muscle lesions:an experimental study.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2012;26:475-484[PMID:23034267]
24 Pinheiro CL,Peixinho CC,Esposito CC,Manso JE,Machado JC.Ultrasound biomicroscopy and claudication test for in vivo follow-up of muscle repair enhancement based on platelet-rich plasma therapy in a rat model of gastrocnemius laceration.Acta Cir Bras 2016;31:103-110[PMID:26959619 DOI:10.1590/S0102-865020160020000004]
25 Garcia TA,Camargo RCT,Koike TE,Ozaki GAT,Castoldi RC,Camargo Filho JCS.Histological analysis of the association of low level laser therapy and platelet-rich plasma in regeneration of muscle injury in rats.Braz J Phys Ther 2017;21:425-433[PMID:28733091 DOI:10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.007]
26 Li H,Usas A,Poddar M,Chen CW,Thompson S,Ahani B,Cummins J,Lavasani M,Huard J.Plateletrich plasma promotes the proliferation of human muscle derived progenitor cells and maintains their stemness.PLoS One 2013;8:e64923[PMID:23762264 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0064923]
27 Takase F,Inui A,Mifune Y,Sakata R,Muto T,Harada Y,Ueda Y,Kokubu T,Kurosaka M.Effect of platelet-rich plasma on degeneration change of rotator cuff muscles:In vitro and in vivo evaluations.JOrthop Res 2017;35:1806-1815[PMID:27684960 DOI:10.1002/jor.23451]
28 Chahla J,Cinque ME,Piuzzi NS,Mannava S,Geeslin AG,Murray IR,Dornan GJ,Muschler GF,LaPrade RF.A Call for Standardization in Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparation Protocols and Composition Reporting:A Systematic Review of the Clinical Orthopaedic Literature.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017;99:1769-1779[PMID:29040132 DOI:10.2106/JBJS.16.01374]
2 Cunha RC,Francisco JC,Cardoso MA,Matos LF,Lino D,Simeoni RB,Pereira G,Irioda AC,Simeoni PR,Guarita-Souza LC,Carvalho KA.Effect of platelet-rich plasma therapy associated with exercise training in musculoskeletal healing in rats.Transplant Proc 2014;46:1879-1881[PMID:25131059 DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.063]
3 Delos D,Leineweber MJ,Chaudhury S,Alzoobaee S,Gao Y,Rodeo SA.The effect of platelet-rich plasma on muscle contusion healing in a rat model.Am J Sports Med 2014;42:2067-2074[PMID:25056987 DOI:10.1177/0363546514540272]
4 Cheng M,Wang H,Yoshida R,Murray MM.Platelets and plasma proteins are both required to stimulate collagen gene expression by anterior cruciate ligament cells in three-dimensional culture.Tissue Eng Part A 2010;16:1479-1489[PMID:19958169 DOI:10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0199]
5 Dhillon MS,Karna SK,Dhatt SS,Behera P,Bhatia A.Can Platelet rich plasma stimulate human ACLgrowth in culture?A preliminary experience.Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2015;5:156-161[PMID:26605188 DOI:10.11138/mltj/2015.5.3.156]
6 Hammond JW,Hinton RY,Curl LA,Muriel JM,Lovering RM.Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma to treat muscle strain injuries.Am J Sports Med 2009;37:1135-1142[PMID:19282509 DOI:10.1177/0363546508330974]
7 Mazzocca AD,McCarthy MB,Chowaniec DM,Dugdale EM,Hansen D,Cote MP,Bradley JP,Romeo AA,Arciero RA,Beitzel K.The positive effects of different platelet-rich plasma methods on human muscle,bone,and tendon cells.Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1742-1749[PMID:22802273 DOI:10.1177/0363546512452713]
8 Quarteiro ML,Tognini JR,de Oliveira EL,Silveira I.The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the repair of muscle injuries in rats.Rev Bras Ortop 2015;50:586-595[PMID:26535207 DOI:10.1016/j.rboe.2015.08.009]
9 Borrione P,Grasso L,Chierto E,Geuna S,Racca S,Abbadessa G,Ronchi G,Faiola F,Di Gianfrancesco A,Pigozzi F.Experimental model for the study of the effects of platelet-rich plasma on the early phases of muscle healing.Blood Transfus 2014;12 Suppl 1:s221-s228[PMID:23867182 DOI:10.2450/2013.0275-12]
10 Yoshioka T,Kanamori A,Washio T,Aoto K,Uemura K,Sakane M,Ochiai N.The effects of plasma rich in growth factors(PRGF-Endoret)on healing of medial collateral ligament of the knee.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;21:1763-1769[PMID:22527414 DOI:10.1007/s00167-012-2002-x]
11 Kelc R,Trapecar M,Gradisnik L,Rupnik MS,Vogrin M.Platelet-rich plasma,especially when combined with a TGF-βinhibitor promotes proliferation,viability and myogenic differentiation of myoblasts in vitro.PLoS One 2015;10:e0117302[PMID:25679956 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0117302]
12 Miroshnychenko O,Chang WT,Dragoo JL.The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts:Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration.Am J Sports Med 2017;45:945-953[PMID:28027451 DOI:10.1177/0363546516677547]
13 Tsai WC,Yu TY,Lin LP,Lin MS,Wu YC,Liao CH,Pang JS.Platelet rich plasma releasate promotes proliferation of skeletal muscle cells in association with upregulation of PCNA,cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases.Platelets 2017;28:491-497[PMID:27780401 DOI:10.1080/09537104.2016.1227061]
14 Tsai WC,Yu TY,Lin LP,Lin MS,Tsai TT,Pang JS.Platelet rich plasma promotes skeletal muscle cell migration in association with up-regulation of FAK,paxillin,and F-Actin formation.J Orthop Res 2017;35:2506-2512[PMID:28233384 DOI:10.1002/jor.23547]
15 Denapoli PM,Stilhano RS,Ingham SJ,Han SW,Abdalla RJ.Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Murine Model:Leukocytes,Growth Factors,Flt-1,and Muscle Healing.Am J Sports Med 2016;44:1962-1971[PMID:27217525 DOI:10.1177/0363546516646100]
16 Dimauro I,Grasso L,Fittipaldi S,Fantini C,Mercatelli N,Racca S,Geuna S,Di Gianfrancesco A,Caporossi D,Pigozzi F,Borrione P.Platelet-rich plasma and skeletal muscle healing:a molecular analysis of the early phases of the regeneration process in an experimental animal model.PLoS One 2014;9:e102993[PMID:25054279 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0102993]
17 Li H,Hicks JJ,Wang L,Oyster N,Philippon MJ,Hurwitz S,Hogan MV,Huard J.Customized plateletrich plasma with transforming growth factorβ1 neutralization antibody to reduce fibrosis in skeletal muscle.Biomaterials 2016;87:147-156[PMID:26923362 DOI:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.017]
18 Harris NL,Huffer WE,von Stade E,Larson AI,Phinney S,Purnell ML.The effect of platelet-rich plasma on normal soft tissues in the rabbit.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012;94:786-793[PMID:22552667 DOI:10.2106/JBJS.J.00984]
19 Martins RP,Hartmann DD,de Moraes JP,Soares FA,Puntel GO.Platelet-rich plasma reduces the oxidative damage determined by a skeletal muscle contusion in rats.Platelets 2016;27:784-790[PMID:27255146 DOI:10.1080/09537104.2016.1184752]
20 Terada S,Ota S,Kobayashi M,Kobayashi T,Mifune Y,Takayama K,Witt M,VadalàG,Oyster N,Otsuka T,Fu FH,Huard J.Use of an antifibrotic agent improves the effect of platelet-rich plasma on muscle healing after injury.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95:980-988[PMID:23780535 DOI:10.2106/JBJS.L.00266]
21 Ozaki GA,Camargo RC,Koike TE,Garcia TA,Castoldi RC,Pereira JD,Constantino CJ,Camargo Filho JC.Analysis of photobiomodulation associated or not with platelet-rich plasma on repair of muscle tissue by Raman spectroscopy.Lasers Med Sci 2016;31:1891-1898[PMID:27649962 DOI:10.1007/s10103-016-2067-8]
22 Contreras-Mu?oz P,Torrella JR,Serres X,Rizo-Roca D,De la Varga M,Viscor G,Martínez-Ibá?ez V,PeiróJL,J?rvinen TAH,Rodas G,Marotta M.Postinjury Exercise and Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapies Improve Skeletal Muscle Healing in Rats But Are Not Synergistic When Combined.Am J Sports Med2017;45:2131-2141[PMID:28453295 DOI:10.1177/0363546517702864]
23 Gigante A,Del Torto M,Manzotti S,Cianforlini M,Busilacchi A,Davidson PA,Greco F,MattioliBelmonte M.Platelet rich fibrin matrix effects on skeletal muscle lesions:an experimental study.J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2012;26:475-484[PMID:23034267]
24 Pinheiro CL,Peixinho CC,Esposito CC,Manso JE,Machado JC.Ultrasound biomicroscopy and claudication test for in vivo follow-up of muscle repair enhancement based on platelet-rich plasma therapy in a rat model of gastrocnemius laceration.Acta Cir Bras 2016;31:103-110[PMID:26959619 DOI:10.1590/S0102-865020160020000004]
25 Garcia TA,Camargo RCT,Koike TE,Ozaki GAT,Castoldi RC,Camargo Filho JCS.Histological analysis of the association of low level laser therapy and platelet-rich plasma in regeneration of muscle injury in rats.Braz J Phys Ther 2017;21:425-433[PMID:28733091 DOI:10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.007]
26 Li H,Usas A,Poddar M,Chen CW,Thompson S,Ahani B,Cummins J,Lavasani M,Huard J.Plateletrich plasma promotes the proliferation of human muscle derived progenitor cells and maintains their stemness.PLoS One 2013;8:e64923[PMID:23762264 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0064923]
27 Takase F,Inui A,Mifune Y,Sakata R,Muto T,Harada Y,Ueda Y,Kokubu T,Kurosaka M.Effect of platelet-rich plasma on degeneration change of rotator cuff muscles:In vitro and in vivo evaluations.JOrthop Res 2017;35:1806-1815[PMID:27684960 DOI:10.1002/jor.23451]
28 Chahla J,Cinque ME,Piuzzi NS,Mannava S,Geeslin AG,Murray IR,Dornan GJ,Muschler GF,LaPrade RF.A Call for Standardization in Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparation Protocols and Composition Reporting:A Systematic Review of the Clinical Orthopaedic Literature.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017;99:1769-1779[PMID:29040132 DOI:10.2106/JBJS.16.01374]