“重科研轻教学”的生成逻辑——基于科尔曼“交换—权威—规范”的分析框架
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摘要
"重科研轻教学"是当下大学普遍存在的问题,以往对其成因的研究主要从结构功能主义出发,强调社会制度对教学、科研行为选择的影响。科尔曼一般以微观水平上个人有目的的行动和倾向性为基础解释宏观社会现象,因此本文沿着科尔曼由微观推演宏观的路径,构建了"交换—权威—规范"的分析框架,探讨在大学系统与高等教育系统中"重科研轻教学"的生成逻辑,并在此基础上提出构建教学新属性、将教学资源推向市场等措施,以实现教学与科研的平衡。
The problem that "scientific research is stressed while teaching is neglected" commonly exists in universities at present. From the perspective of Structural-Functionalism, previous studies on its causes mainly emphasized the influences of the social system on the behavior selection in teaching and scientific research. Coleman explained the macro social phenomena based on individual purposeful action and orientation at the micro level. Therefore, along Coleman deductive path from micro to macro, this paper builds an analytical framework "Exchange-Authority-Norms" and explores the generative logic of the problem that scientific research is stressed while teaching is neglected in university system and higher education system. Based on this, some measures like constructing new teaching attributes and pushing teaching resources to the market have been put forward to achieve a balance between teaching and scientific research.
The problem that "scientific research is stressed while teaching is neglected" commonly exists in universities at present. From the perspective of Structural-Functionalism, previous studies on its causes mainly emphasized the influences of the social system on the behavior selection in teaching and scientific research. Coleman explained the macro social phenomena based on individual purposeful action and orientation at the micro level. Therefore, along Coleman deductive path from micro to macro, this paper builds an analytical framework "Exchange-Authority-Norms" and explores the generative logic of the problem that scientific research is stressed while teaching is neglected in university system and higher education system. Based on this, some measures like constructing new teaching attributes and pushing teaching resources to the market have been put forward to achieve a balance between teaching and scientific research.
引文
[1]李泽彧, 曹如军. 大众化时期大学教学与科研关系审视[J]. 高等教育研究, 2008,(3): 51-56.
[2]侯清麟, 刘文良. 高校教学、科研和谐发展的困惑与超越[J]. 高等工程教育研究, 2012,(6): 91-95.
[3]詹姆斯·科尔曼. 社会理论基础[M]. 邓方, 译. 北京:社会科学文献出版社, 1999: 12, 507, 142, 267, 594, 267, 505.
[4]文军. 从生存理性到社会理性选择:当代中国农民外出就业动因的社会学分析[J]. 社会学研究, 2001,(6): 21-32.
[5]王全林.“知识分子”视角下的大学教师研究——大学教师“知识分子”精神式微的多维分析[D]. 南京: 南京师范大学, 2005: 35.
[6]尤西·基维斯特. 代理理论框架下的政府与大学关系[M]. 肖念, 范明, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 42.
[7]樊小杰.“委托—代理”关系视域下大学校长遴选机制变革研究[J]. 高教探索, 2015,(1): 10-15.
[8]李文新, 张健威. 效用论视角下高校教学与科研选择的动因与对策[J]. 当代经济, 2010,(2): 116-117.
[9]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2016年全国科技经费投入统计公报[EB/OL]. [2017-10-10]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201710/t20171009_1540386.html.
[10]石玉玲. 公共治理视野下高等教育系统中的社会交换[J]. 现代教育管理, 2007,(4): 9-12.
[11]刘少杰. 社会学理性选择理论研究[M]. 北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2012: 81.
[2]侯清麟, 刘文良. 高校教学、科研和谐发展的困惑与超越[J]. 高等工程教育研究, 2012,(6): 91-95.
[3]詹姆斯·科尔曼. 社会理论基础[M]. 邓方, 译. 北京:社会科学文献出版社, 1999: 12, 507, 142, 267, 594, 267, 505.
[4]文军. 从生存理性到社会理性选择:当代中国农民外出就业动因的社会学分析[J]. 社会学研究, 2001,(6): 21-32.
[5]王全林.“知识分子”视角下的大学教师研究——大学教师“知识分子”精神式微的多维分析[D]. 南京: 南京师范大学, 2005: 35.
[6]尤西·基维斯特. 代理理论框架下的政府与大学关系[M]. 肖念, 范明, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 42.
[7]樊小杰.“委托—代理”关系视域下大学校长遴选机制变革研究[J]. 高教探索, 2015,(1): 10-15.
[8]李文新, 张健威. 效用论视角下高校教学与科研选择的动因与对策[J]. 当代经济, 2010,(2): 116-117.
[9]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2016年全国科技经费投入统计公报[EB/OL]. [2017-10-10]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201710/t20171009_1540386.html.
[10]石玉玲. 公共治理视野下高等教育系统中的社会交换[J]. 现代教育管理, 2007,(4): 9-12.
[11]刘少杰. 社会学理性选择理论研究[M]. 北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2012: 81.