青藏高原北部晚第四纪应力场在遥感影像上的响应
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摘要
青藏高原北部发育一系列北西向大型左行走滑断裂带,目前普遍认为这些左行走滑断裂至今仍在活动,在左行走滑作用下,青藏高原东部向东挤出并伴随强烈的地块旋转运动。本文以介于东昆仑左行走滑断裂带与玉树左行走滑断裂带之间的巴颜喀拉山中央断裂(及其周缘的构造形迹)为主要研究对象,根据断层构造的直接解译标志——清晰的线性形迹和构造地貌标志如断层陡坎、断层谷地、挤压脊、地裂缝、断层走滑造成的水系错动、新老洪积扇的侧向叠加等,在高分辨率的SPOT5及中等分辨率ETM遥感影像上对研究区内北西向活动断层与北东向活动断层的空间分布、规模、活动性质、相对活动时代及活动幅度等进行了遥感分析和野外验证,并结合对断层周缘沿共轭张裂隙展布的水系与地裂缝的规模、展布方向等的统计分析,对晚第四纪应力场进行了恢复。研究表明:北西向活动断层具右行走滑兼有逆冲运动特征,北东向活动断层具左行走滑兼有正滑运动特征,二者为晚第四纪NNE向(2°)挤压应力条件下产生的北西向与北东向走滑作用的产物。北西向右行走滑作用的发现,预示着青藏高原北部第四纪以来普遍存在的北西向左行走滑作用可能在晚更新世就已终止。在此基础上,探讨了处于不同展布方向上的湖盆在同一应力条件下表现出的不同演化趋势:即在NNE向挤压应力作用下,呈北东向展布的错坎巴昂日东湖处于近东西向拉张状态,呈北西向展布的卡巴纽尔多湖变化不明显。
A series of large-scale NW-trending sinistral strike-slip faults has developed in the northern QinghaiTibet Plateau.It is generally believed that these sinistral strike-slip faults are still active at present and the eastern Tibet Plateau is extruded eastward accompanied by strong block rotation under the effect of the sinistral strike-slip.This study took the central fault of Bayan Har Mountain between East Kunlun sinistral strike-slip and Yushu sinistral strike-slip fault zone(and its surrounding structural traces)as the research objective.Based on the direct sign of faulting structure(distinct linear tracers)and structural geomorphic signs(water system displacement caused by fault scarp and valley,compressive ridge,rifting and strike-slip)and lateral overlapping of various diluvial fans,the spatial distribution,scale,activity nature,relative activity time and activity amplitude of NW-trending active faults and NE-trending active faults were analyzed by high resolution SPOT5 and medium resolution ETM remote sensing images in the research area.Combined with remote sensing analysis,field verification and statistical analysis on the scale and the extension direction of water system distribution and ground fissure along conjugate separation fracture around the faults,the late Quaternary stress field was restored.The study shows that the NW active faults are characterized by dextral strike-slip and thrust movement and the NE trending active faults are characterized by sinistral strike-slip and normal slide faulting movement.Both of them were the products of NW and NE strike-slip under the late Quaternary NNE direction(2°)compression stress.The discovery of the NW-trending dextral strike slip indicates that the northwestward sinistral strike slip movement which had been widespread since Quaternary in the northern Tibetan plateau may have been terminated in the Middle Pleistocene.On the basis of the analysis above,evolution trend of lake basins under the same stress condition which have different extension directions was discussed in the study,i.e.,under the effect of the NNE compressive stress,the NE-extensional Cuokanbaangridong lake is in a state of near E-W extension,while changes of the NW-extensional Kabaniuerduo lake is not significant.
A series of large-scale NW-trending sinistral strike-slip faults has developed in the northern QinghaiTibet Plateau.It is generally believed that these sinistral strike-slip faults are still active at present and the eastern Tibet Plateau is extruded eastward accompanied by strong block rotation under the effect of the sinistral strike-slip.This study took the central fault of Bayan Har Mountain between East Kunlun sinistral strike-slip and Yushu sinistral strike-slip fault zone(and its surrounding structural traces)as the research objective.Based on the direct sign of faulting structure(distinct linear tracers)and structural geomorphic signs(water system displacement caused by fault scarp and valley,compressive ridge,rifting and strike-slip)and lateral overlapping of various diluvial fans,the spatial distribution,scale,activity nature,relative activity time and activity amplitude of NW-trending active faults and NE-trending active faults were analyzed by high resolution SPOT5 and medium resolution ETM remote sensing images in the research area.Combined with remote sensing analysis,field verification and statistical analysis on the scale and the extension direction of water system distribution and ground fissure along conjugate separation fracture around the faults,the late Quaternary stress field was restored.The study shows that the NW active faults are characterized by dextral strike-slip and thrust movement and the NE trending active faults are characterized by sinistral strike-slip and normal slide faulting movement.Both of them were the products of NW and NE strike-slip under the late Quaternary NNE direction(2°)compression stress.The discovery of the NW-trending dextral strike slip indicates that the northwestward sinistral strike slip movement which had been widespread since Quaternary in the northern Tibetan plateau may have been terminated in the Middle Pleistocene.On the basis of the analysis above,evolution trend of lake basins under the same stress condition which have different extension directions was discussed in the study,i.e.,under the effect of the NNE compressive stress,the NE-extensional Cuokanbaangridong lake is in a state of near E-W extension,while changes of the NW-extensional Kabaniuerduo lake is not significant.
引文
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