《儒林外史》与《彷徨》士人形象比较论
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摘要
知识阶层一直是中国古典小说以及现代小说所重点描写的人物形象类型,其中以吴敬梓与鲁迅的小说创作为代表。他们都关注各自时代的知识阶层的生活和思想困境,他们都强调立人的社会理想,并且将自己的深邃思想呈现于各自的小说之中。以往对于他们之间关系的研究大多关注于两人小说创作的艺术手法,即讽刺手法,而对于他们笔下的知识阶层的人物形象之间的比较则较为缺乏。《儒林外史》中所描写的是传统的士人形象,而在鲁迅笔下既有现代的知识分子,也有保守的传统士人,以《儒林外史》与《彷徨》之中的传统士人形象为研究对象,从其人物系列的形象异同点来探讨吴敬梓对抗绝望的悲剧性以及鲁迅超越绝望的战斗性。
The intellectual class has always bee n the type of characters in Chinese classical novels and modern novels, among which Wu Jingzi's and Lu Xun's novels are represented. They are concerned about the difficulties of the intellectual class' s life and ideological in their respective eras, they are stressed that the social ideals of people, and they present deep thoughts into their own novels. In the past, most of the researches on the relationship between the two have focused on the artistic techniques of the creation of the two novels, that is, the irony, and the comparison between the characters of the intellectuals in their writing is lacking. The Scholars describes the traditional scholar image, and Lu Xun's novel describes both the modern intellectuals and conservative traditional scholars, so the paper treats the traditional scholar image among The Scholars and Panghuang as the object of study, from its character series of similarities and differences to explore the tragedy that Wu Jingzi against despair and the combat that Lu Xun beyond despair.
The intellectual class has always bee n the type of characters in Chinese classical novels and modern novels, among which Wu Jingzi's and Lu Xun's novels are represented. They are concerned about the difficulties of the intellectual class' s life and ideological in their respective eras, they are stressed that the social ideals of people, and they present deep thoughts into their own novels. In the past, most of the researches on the relationship between the two have focused on the artistic techniques of the creation of the two novels, that is, the irony, and the comparison between the characters of the intellectuals in their writing is lacking. The Scholars describes the traditional scholar image, and Lu Xun's novel describes both the modern intellectuals and conservative traditional scholars, so the paper treats the traditional scholar image among The Scholars and Panghuang as the object of study, from its character series of similarities and differences to explore the tragedy that Wu Jingzi against despair and the combat that Lu Xun beyond despair.
引文
[1]余英时.士与中国文化·自序[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1987.
[2]苏舆.春秋繁露义证[M].北京:中华书局,1992.
[3]曹聚仁.鲁迅评传[M].上海:东方出版中心,1999.
[4]吴敬梓.《儒林外史》汇校汇评本[M].李汉秋,辑校.上海:上海古籍出版社,2010.
[5]颜元.颜元集:下册[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[6]鲁迅.魏晋风度与及文章与药及酒之关系[M]//鲁迅全集:第3卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[7]鲁迅.呐喊自序[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[8]鲁迅.未有天才之前[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[9]鲁迅.春末闲谈[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[10]鲁迅.娜拉走后怎样[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[11]鲁迅.呐喊·自序[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[12]鲁迅.门外文谈[M]//鲁迅全集:第6卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[2]苏舆.春秋繁露义证[M].北京:中华书局,1992.
[3]曹聚仁.鲁迅评传[M].上海:东方出版中心,1999.
[4]吴敬梓.《儒林外史》汇校汇评本[M].李汉秋,辑校.上海:上海古籍出版社,2010.
[5]颜元.颜元集:下册[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[6]鲁迅.魏晋风度与及文章与药及酒之关系[M]//鲁迅全集:第3卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[7]鲁迅.呐喊自序[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[8]鲁迅.未有天才之前[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[9]鲁迅.春末闲谈[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[10]鲁迅.娜拉走后怎样[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[11]鲁迅.呐喊·自序[M]//鲁迅全集:第1卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.
[12]鲁迅.门外文谈[M]//鲁迅全集:第6卷.北京:人民文学出版社,1981.