扭曲二维结构钝化的钙钛矿太阳能电池
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摘要
有机-无机钙钛矿材料是一种新兴的可溶液加工的薄膜太阳能电池材料.通过向钙钛矿中引入低维结构能够显著提高其材料稳定性和器件稳定性.首先,探究了一种双阳离子2, 2’-联咪唑(BIM)形成的铅基二维钙钛矿;然后,通过单晶衍射手段发现了一种新型的扭曲二维结构;最后,通过一步旋涂方法将这种扭曲二维结构引入到钙钛矿薄膜中,所得到的太阳能电池器件效率达14%,并且具有较好的稳定性.本文提供了一种新的钙钛矿薄膜的钝化体系,并且直接运用于太阳能电池器件的制备,为提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性提供了新的发展思路.
Hybrid perovskites are a series of solution-processable materials for photovoltaic devices. To achieve better performance and stability, interface passivation is an effective method. So far, the most commonly used passivators are organic amines, which can tailor perovskite into a lower-dimensional structure(RuddlesdenPopper perovskite). Here, we select a biimizole(BIM) molecule as a new passivator for perovskite. The BIM based single layer perovskite has a more rigid structure. And multi-layered structure cannot be formed due to large lattice mismatching and structural rigidity. By inducing the excess MAI(methanaminium iodide) into the lattice, the layered structure is maintained, and half of the BIM molecules are replaced by MA(methylamine).The mixed layered structure is distorted, because of the difference in size between two kinds of cations. We then investigate passivation effect of BIM on perovskite solar cells. By carefully controlling the feed ratio in precursor solutions, we fabricate solar cells with different passivation structures. We find that the introduction of BIM can cause Voc to increase generally, indicating that MAPbI_3 is well passivated. The peak at 7.5° and 15° in Xray diffraction pattern are corresponding to a two-dimensional(2D) phase with a shorter layer distance. There are no peaks at lower degrees, so that no multi-layered structure is formed in the film either. We suppose that a dual-phase 2D-3D(where 3D represents three-dimensional) structure is formed in the perovskite film. To explain the passivation effect of the two 2D structures, we investigate their lattice matching towards MAPbI_3.The distorted 2D structure is well matched with(110) face of o-MAPbI_3, and the mismatching rate is lower 1%in the two directions. On the other hand, the BIM based 2D structure cannot well match with(–110) face of oMAPbI_3, nor with(001) face of c-MAPbI_3. We also consider that the less rigidity of distorted structure contributes to better passivation. As a result, we achieve a BIM passivated perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency up to 14%. This work paves a new way to the interface engineering of perovskite solar cells.
Hybrid perovskites are a series of solution-processable materials for photovoltaic devices. To achieve better performance and stability, interface passivation is an effective method. So far, the most commonly used passivators are organic amines, which can tailor perovskite into a lower-dimensional structure(RuddlesdenPopper perovskite). Here, we select a biimizole(BIM) molecule as a new passivator for perovskite. The BIM based single layer perovskite has a more rigid structure. And multi-layered structure cannot be formed due to large lattice mismatching and structural rigidity. By inducing the excess MAI(methanaminium iodide) into the lattice, the layered structure is maintained, and half of the BIM molecules are replaced by MA(methylamine).The mixed layered structure is distorted, because of the difference in size between two kinds of cations. We then investigate passivation effect of BIM on perovskite solar cells. By carefully controlling the feed ratio in precursor solutions, we fabricate solar cells with different passivation structures. We find that the introduction of BIM can cause Voc to increase generally, indicating that MAPbI_3 is well passivated. The peak at 7.5° and 15° in Xray diffraction pattern are corresponding to a two-dimensional(2D) phase with a shorter layer distance. There are no peaks at lower degrees, so that no multi-layered structure is formed in the film either. We suppose that a dual-phase 2D-3D(where 3D represents three-dimensional) structure is formed in the perovskite film. To explain the passivation effect of the two 2D structures, we investigate their lattice matching towards MAPbI_3.The distorted 2D structure is well matched with(110) face of o-MAPbI_3, and the mismatching rate is lower 1%in the two directions. On the other hand, the BIM based 2D structure cannot well match with(–110) face of oMAPbI_3, nor with(001) face of c-MAPbI_3. We also consider that the less rigidity of distorted structure contributes to better passivation. As a result, we achieve a BIM passivated perovskite solar cell with a power conversion efficiency up to 14%. This work paves a new way to the interface engineering of perovskite solar cells.
引文
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[26]Mao L,Ke W,Pedesseau L,Wu Y,Katan C,Even J,Wasielewski M R,Stoumpos C C,Kanatzidis M G 2018 J.Am.Chem.Soc.140 3775
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