北京城郊居民对京津生态工程的支付意愿
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摘要
采用二分选择式条件估值法,对北京市居民就京津风沙源治理工程生态服务的支付意愿及其城郊居民的支付差异进行了研究。主要结论为:支付意愿均值5 a内每月每户为17.35～39.92元,占家庭月收入均值的0.30%～0.68%;工程受益方的总支付意愿现值低于工程总成本现值;影响"参与支付"决策的主要因素为年龄、收入和受教育水平,其中,收入和受教育水平对远郊城区居民的影响更为显著;影响"支付水平"决策的主要因素为收入和家庭人口;远郊城区居民的平均支付水平虽然低于中心城区居民,但城、郊居民支付水平占其家庭收入的比例接近。
Contingent valuation method with dichotomous choice elicitation questions was used to estimate the willingness to pay(WTP) of urban and suburban residents in Beijing to the improved ecological services provided by the Beijing and Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project(BTSSCP).The results are that the mean WTP of residents in Beijing was 17.35-39.92 yuan RMB per household per month in 5 years;the total WTP of the benefited residents was less than the cost of the project;age,income and education level were the key factors affecting the respondents' decision that whether they participated in the market,among which income and education level were more significant to affect suburban residents' participation decision.WTP was significantly related with the residents' income and household size.Although there was a difference of WTP between urban and suburban residents,the proportions of residents' WTP in their income was similar,i.e.0.28%-0.70% and 0.36%-0.65% respectively.
Contingent valuation method with dichotomous choice elicitation questions was used to estimate the willingness to pay(WTP) of urban and suburban residents in Beijing to the improved ecological services provided by the Beijing and Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project(BTSSCP).The results are that the mean WTP of residents in Beijing was 17.35-39.92 yuan RMB per household per month in 5 years;the total WTP of the benefited residents was less than the cost of the project;age,income and education level were the key factors affecting the respondents' decision that whether they participated in the market,among which income and education level were more significant to affect suburban residents' participation decision.WTP was significantly related with the residents' income and household size.Although there was a difference of WTP between urban and suburban residents,the proportions of residents' WTP in their income was similar,i.e.0.28%-0.70% and 0.36%-0.65% respectively.
引文
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(8)郭建军,钱贵霞.关于完善草原“禁牧舍饲”政策的调查与建议(J).重庆工学院学报:社会科学版,2008,22(12):1-6.(GuoJianjun,Qian Guixia.Investigation and suggestions to improving thepolicy of grazing prohibition in grassland area(J).Journal ofChongqing Institute of Technology:Social Science Edition,2008,22(12):1-6.)
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(10)彭继平.关于京津风沙源治理工程建设的思考(J).林业经济,2007(10):34-36.(Peng Jiping.Thinking on the current situa-tion of the program of combating desertification in the wind/sandareas affecting Beijing and Tianjin(J).Forestry Economics,2007(10):34-36.)
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(12)金建君,王志石.条件价值法在澳门固体废弃物管理经济价值评估中的比较研究(J).地球科学进展,2006,21(6):605-609.(Jin Jianjun,Wang Zhishi.A comparative study of economicvaluation of solid waste management in Macao using CVM(J).Ad-vances in Earth Science,2006,21(6):605-609.)
(13)Mitchell R,Carson R.Using Surveys to Value Public Goods:TheContingent Valuation Method(M).Baltimore:John Hopkins Uni-versity Press,1989.
(14)Crooker J R,Herriges J A.Parametric and semi-nonparametric esti-mation of willingness-to-pay in the dichotomous choice contingentvaluation framework(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2004,27:451-480.
(15)Turnbull B W.The empirical distribution function with arbitrarilygrouped,censored and truncated data(J).Journal of the Royal Sta-tistical Society,1976,38:290-295.
(16)Carson R T,Mitchell R C,Hanemann M,et al.Contingent valua-tion and lost passive use:Damages from the exxon valdez oil spill(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2003,25:257-286.
(17)Cragg J G.Some statistical models for limited dependent variablewith application to the demand for durable goods(J).Econometri-ca,1971,39:829-844.
(18)Saz-Salazar S D,Rausell-Ko¨ster P.A double-hurdle model of urbangreen areas valuation:Dealing with zero responses(J).LandscapeUrban Planning,2007,doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.08.008
(19)李国平,郭江.榆林煤炭矿区生态环境改善支付意愿分析(J).中国人口资源与环境,2012,22(3):137-143.(Li Guoping,Guo Jiang.WTP research in Yulin coal mining area(J).ChinaPopulation,Resources and Environment,2012,22(3):137-143.)
(20)Hanemann W M,Loomis J,Kanninen B.Statistical efficiency ofdouble bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation[J].A-merican Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,73:1 255-1 263.
(21)Whittington D.Improving the performance of contingent valuationstudies in developing countries(J).Environmental and ResourceEconomics,2002,22:323-367.
(22)Cummings R G,Harrison G W,Osborne L L.Can the bias of con-tingent valuation surveys be reducedEvidence from the laboratory(N).Economics Working Paper,1995,B-95-03,College of Busi-ness Administration,University of South Carolina.
(23)Atkinson G,Healey A,Mourato S.Valuing the costs of violentcrime:A stated preference approach(J).Oxford Economic Papers,2005,57:559-585.
(24)Jin J J,Wang Z S,Liu X M.Valuing black-faced spoonbill conser-vation in Macao:A policy and contingent valuation study(J).Eco-logical Economics,2008,68:328-335.
(25)Champ P,Bishop R,Brown T,et al.Using donation mechanism tovalue nonuse benefits from public goods(J).Journal of Environ-mental Economics and Management,1997,33(2):151-163.
(26)Crooker J R,Herriges J A.Parametric and semi-nonparametric esti-mation of willingness-to-pay in the dichotomous choice contingentvaluation framework(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2004,27:451-480.
(27)Ayer M,Brunk H D,Ewing G M,et al.An empirical distributionfunction for sampling with incomplete information(J).Annals ofMathematical Statistics,1955,26:641-647.
(28)Haab T,McConnell K E.Valuing Environmental and Natural Re-sources:The Economics of Non-market Valuation(M).Chelten-ham,UK:Edward Elgar,2002.
(29)靳乐山,郭建卿.城乡居民环境保护支付意愿对比研究:以云南纳板河流域为例(J).云南师范大学学报:哲学社会版,2010,42(4):53-58.(Jin Leshan,Guo Jianqing.A comparativestudy of the urban and rural residents’WTP for environmental pro-tection:A case study at the Nanbanhe watershed in Yunnan(J).Journal of Yunnan normal University:Philosophy and Social Sci-ences Edition,2010,42(4):53-58.)
(30)Carlsson F,Johansson-Stenman O.Willingness to pay for improvedair quality in Sweden(J).Applied Economics,2000,32:661-669.
(31)Swanson T,Day B.Valuing water quality in China:Purpose,ap-proach and policy(J).Journal of Environmental Sciences,1999,11:309-316.
(32)Wang Y,Zhang Y.Air quality assessment by contingent valuationin Jinan,China(J).Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90:1 022-1 029.
(33)徐大伟,常亮,侯铁珊,等.基于WTP和WTA的流域生态补偿标准测算:以辽河为例(J).资源科学,2012,34(7):1354-1 361.(Xu Dawei,Chang Liang,Hou Tieshan,et al.Measure ofwatershed ecological compensation standard based on WTP andWTA:A case study in Liaohe River basin(J).Resources Science,2012,34(7):1 354-1 361.)
(34)徐晋涛,陶然,徐志刚.退耕还林:成本有效性、结构调整效应与经济可持续性:基于西部三省农户调查的实证分析(J).经济学季刊,2004,4(1):139-162.(Xu Jintao,Tao Ran,Xu Zhi-gang.Sloping Land conversion program:Cost-effectiveness,struc-tural effect and economic sustainability(J).China Economic Quar-terly,2004,4(1):139-162.)
(35)张志强,徐中民,程国栋.条件估值法的发展与应用(J).地球科学进展,2003,18(3):454-463.(Zhang Zhiqiang,Xu Zhong-min,Cheng Guodong.The updated development and application ofcontingent valuation method(CVM)(J).Advance in Earth Sci-ences,2003,18(3):454-463.)
(36)Aadland D,Caplan A J.Cheap talk reconsidered:New evidencefrom CVM(J).Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2006,60:562-578.
(37)List J A.Do explicit warnings eliminate the hypothetical bias in e-licitation proceduresEvidence from field auction experiments(J).American Economic Review,2001,91(5):1 498-1 507.
(2)吴涛,彭道黎,谢晨,等.退耕还林政策10年评价:退耕还林工程社会经济效益监测大学生农户问卷调查总报告(J).经济研究参考,2011(67):11-37.(Wu Tao,Peng Daoli,Xie Chen,etal.Ten-year evaluation of conversion of cropland to forest andgrassland:University students’survey report of social and economicbenefits of the project(J).Review of Economic Research,2011(67):11-37.)
(3)支玲,李怒云,王娟,等.西部退耕还林经济补偿机制研究(J).林业科学,2004,40(2):2-8.(Zhi Ling,Li Nuyun,Wang Juan,et al.A discussion on the economic compensation system for con-version of cropland to forestland in the Weatern China(J).ScientiaSilvae Sinicae,2004,40(2):2-8.)
(4)王武林.贵州省退耕还林问题跟踪研究(J).安徽农业科学,2011,39(36):22 776-22 778.(Wang Wulin.Follow-up studyon return farmland to forests in Guizhou(J).Journal of Anhui Ag-ricultural Sciences,2011,39(36):22 776-22 778.)
(5)Grosjean P,Kontoleon A.How sustainable are sustainable develop-ment programsThe case of the sloping land conversion program inChina(J).World Development,2009,1:268-285.
(6)Ma H,Lu Y L,Xing Y,et al.Rural households’attitude and eco-nomic strategies toward the conversion of cropland to forest andgrassland program(CCFG):A case study in Qira,China(J).Envi-ronmental Management,2009,43(6):1 039-1 047.
(7)禹慧强,赵兵,王晓龙,等.退耕还林地区农民生存状况调查:以宁夏泾源县为例(J).安徽农业科学,2012,40(8):4953-4 954,4 957.(Yu Huiqiang,Zhao Bing,Wang Xiaolong,et al.In-vestigation on the living status of farmers in the region of returningfarmlands to forest(J).Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(8):4 953-4 954,4 957.)
(8)郭建军,钱贵霞.关于完善草原“禁牧舍饲”政策的调查与建议(J).重庆工学院学报:社会科学版,2008,22(12):1-6.(GuoJianjun,Qian Guixia.Investigation and suggestions to improving thepolicy of grazing prohibition in grassland area(J).Journal ofChongqing Institute of Technology:Social Science Edition,2008,22(12):1-6.)
(9)钱贵霞,郭建军.京津风沙源治理工程及生态经济影响解析(J).农业经济问题,2007(10):54-57.(Qian Guixia,Guo Jian-jun.Impact study of Beijing and Tianjin sand source control on ec-ological economics(J).Agricultural Economic Issues,2007(10):54-57.)
(10)彭继平.关于京津风沙源治理工程建设的思考(J).林业经济,2007(10):34-36.(Peng Jiping.Thinking on the current situa-tion of the program of combating desertification in the wind/sandareas affecting Beijing and Tianjin(J).Forestry Economics,2007(10):34-36.)
(11)Carson R T,Flores N E,Meade N F.Contingent valuation:Contro-versies and evidence(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2001,19:173-210.
(12)金建君,王志石.条件价值法在澳门固体废弃物管理经济价值评估中的比较研究(J).地球科学进展,2006,21(6):605-609.(Jin Jianjun,Wang Zhishi.A comparative study of economicvaluation of solid waste management in Macao using CVM(J).Ad-vances in Earth Science,2006,21(6):605-609.)
(13)Mitchell R,Carson R.Using Surveys to Value Public Goods:TheContingent Valuation Method(M).Baltimore:John Hopkins Uni-versity Press,1989.
(14)Crooker J R,Herriges J A.Parametric and semi-nonparametric esti-mation of willingness-to-pay in the dichotomous choice contingentvaluation framework(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2004,27:451-480.
(15)Turnbull B W.The empirical distribution function with arbitrarilygrouped,censored and truncated data(J).Journal of the Royal Sta-tistical Society,1976,38:290-295.
(16)Carson R T,Mitchell R C,Hanemann M,et al.Contingent valua-tion and lost passive use:Damages from the exxon valdez oil spill(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2003,25:257-286.
(17)Cragg J G.Some statistical models for limited dependent variablewith application to the demand for durable goods(J).Econometri-ca,1971,39:829-844.
(18)Saz-Salazar S D,Rausell-Ko¨ster P.A double-hurdle model of urbangreen areas valuation:Dealing with zero responses(J).LandscapeUrban Planning,2007,doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.08.008
(19)李国平,郭江.榆林煤炭矿区生态环境改善支付意愿分析(J).中国人口资源与环境,2012,22(3):137-143.(Li Guoping,Guo Jiang.WTP research in Yulin coal mining area(J).ChinaPopulation,Resources and Environment,2012,22(3):137-143.)
(20)Hanemann W M,Loomis J,Kanninen B.Statistical efficiency ofdouble bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation[J].A-merican Journal of Agricultural Economics,1991,73:1 255-1 263.
(21)Whittington D.Improving the performance of contingent valuationstudies in developing countries(J).Environmental and ResourceEconomics,2002,22:323-367.
(22)Cummings R G,Harrison G W,Osborne L L.Can the bias of con-tingent valuation surveys be reducedEvidence from the laboratory(N).Economics Working Paper,1995,B-95-03,College of Busi-ness Administration,University of South Carolina.
(23)Atkinson G,Healey A,Mourato S.Valuing the costs of violentcrime:A stated preference approach(J).Oxford Economic Papers,2005,57:559-585.
(24)Jin J J,Wang Z S,Liu X M.Valuing black-faced spoonbill conser-vation in Macao:A policy and contingent valuation study(J).Eco-logical Economics,2008,68:328-335.
(25)Champ P,Bishop R,Brown T,et al.Using donation mechanism tovalue nonuse benefits from public goods(J).Journal of Environ-mental Economics and Management,1997,33(2):151-163.
(26)Crooker J R,Herriges J A.Parametric and semi-nonparametric esti-mation of willingness-to-pay in the dichotomous choice contingentvaluation framework(J).Environmental and Resource Economics,2004,27:451-480.
(27)Ayer M,Brunk H D,Ewing G M,et al.An empirical distributionfunction for sampling with incomplete information(J).Annals ofMathematical Statistics,1955,26:641-647.
(28)Haab T,McConnell K E.Valuing Environmental and Natural Re-sources:The Economics of Non-market Valuation(M).Chelten-ham,UK:Edward Elgar,2002.
(29)靳乐山,郭建卿.城乡居民环境保护支付意愿对比研究:以云南纳板河流域为例(J).云南师范大学学报:哲学社会版,2010,42(4):53-58.(Jin Leshan,Guo Jianqing.A comparativestudy of the urban and rural residents’WTP for environmental pro-tection:A case study at the Nanbanhe watershed in Yunnan(J).Journal of Yunnan normal University:Philosophy and Social Sci-ences Edition,2010,42(4):53-58.)
(30)Carlsson F,Johansson-Stenman O.Willingness to pay for improvedair quality in Sweden(J).Applied Economics,2000,32:661-669.
(31)Swanson T,Day B.Valuing water quality in China:Purpose,ap-proach and policy(J).Journal of Environmental Sciences,1999,11:309-316.
(32)Wang Y,Zhang Y.Air quality assessment by contingent valuationin Jinan,China(J).Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90:1 022-1 029.
(33)徐大伟,常亮,侯铁珊,等.基于WTP和WTA的流域生态补偿标准测算:以辽河为例(J).资源科学,2012,34(7):1354-1 361.(Xu Dawei,Chang Liang,Hou Tieshan,et al.Measure ofwatershed ecological compensation standard based on WTP andWTA:A case study in Liaohe River basin(J).Resources Science,2012,34(7):1 354-1 361.)
(34)徐晋涛,陶然,徐志刚.退耕还林:成本有效性、结构调整效应与经济可持续性:基于西部三省农户调查的实证分析(J).经济学季刊,2004,4(1):139-162.(Xu Jintao,Tao Ran,Xu Zhi-gang.Sloping Land conversion program:Cost-effectiveness,struc-tural effect and economic sustainability(J).China Economic Quar-terly,2004,4(1):139-162.)
(35)张志强,徐中民,程国栋.条件估值法的发展与应用(J).地球科学进展,2003,18(3):454-463.(Zhang Zhiqiang,Xu Zhong-min,Cheng Guodong.The updated development and application ofcontingent valuation method(CVM)(J).Advance in Earth Sci-ences,2003,18(3):454-463.)
(36)Aadland D,Caplan A J.Cheap talk reconsidered:New evidencefrom CVM(J).Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2006,60:562-578.
(37)List J A.Do explicit warnings eliminate the hypothetical bias in e-licitation proceduresEvidence from field auction experiments(J).American Economic Review,2001,91(5):1 498-1 507.