人诺如病毒最新研究进展
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摘要
人诺如病毒是导致人类非细菌性急性胃肠炎的主要原因,近年来其导致的发病率和致死率都在不断升高。人诺如病毒分子进化快、人群感染后持续排毒、低剂量感染及传播途径多样性等原因使得诺如病毒流行较为严重。然而,目前仍没有合适的动物模型以及有效的疫苗。本文主要介绍人诺如病毒的分子生物学特性、流行病学、分离培养、动物模型、检测技术及疫苗研发等方面的研究进展。
Human noroviruses are the major cause of the human acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis and increasingly leads to higher morbidity and mortality. Human noroviruses are characteristic of fast molecular evolution,continuous viral shedding, lower dose of infection and the diverse routes of transmission, which is considered to make norovirus epidemics even more serious. However, there are still no suitable animal model or effective vaccine. This review mainly introduces recent advances in fields of the epidemiology, viral isolation and cultivation, animal model, detection and vaccine development of Human noroviruses.
Human noroviruses are the major cause of the human acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis and increasingly leads to higher morbidity and mortality. Human noroviruses are characteristic of fast molecular evolution,continuous viral shedding, lower dose of infection and the diverse routes of transmission, which is considered to make norovirus epidemics even more serious. However, there are still no suitable animal model or effective vaccine. This review mainly introduces recent advances in fields of the epidemiology, viral isolation and cultivation, animal model, detection and vaccine development of Human noroviruses.
引文
[1]Siebenga JJ,Vennema H,Zheng DP,et al.Norovirus illness is a global problem:emergence and spread of norovirus GII.4 variants,2001-2007[J].The Journal of infectious diseases,2009,200(5):802-812.
[2]Kapikian AZ,Wyatt RG,Dolin R,et al.Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis[J].Journal of virology,1972,10(5):1075-1081.
[3]方肇寅,温乐英,晋圣瑾,等.在我国腹泻患儿中发现诺瓦克样病毒感染[J].病毒学报,1995,11(3):5.
[4]秦萌,陆翌禹,封会茹.北京市丰台区诺如病毒暴发疫情的实验室鉴定及基因特征分析[J].传染病监测,2015,30(2):118-121.
[5]Chen H,Qian F,Xu J,et al.A novel norovirus GII.17 lineage contributed to adult gastroenteritis in Shanghai,China,during the winter of 2014-2015[J].Emerging Microbes&Infections,2015,4(11):e67.
[6]Gao Z,Liu B,Da H,et al.Increased norovirus activity was associated with a novel norovirus GII.17 variant in Beijing,China during winter 2014-2015[J].BMC Infectious Diseases,2015,15(1):574.
[7]袁文,王静,赵维波.结合内标的小鼠诺如病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用[J].中国实验动物学报,2015,23(1):49-56.
[8]Lee GC,Jung GS,Lee CH.Complete genomic sequence analysis of norovirus isolated from South Korea[J].Virus genes,2012,45(2):225-236.
[9]Donaldson EF,Lindesmith LC,Lobue AD,et al.Viral shape-shifting:norovirus evasion of the human immune system[J].Nature reviews Microbiology,2010,8(3):231-241.
[10]Batten CA,Clarke IN,Kempster SL,et al.Characterization of a cross-reactive linear epitope in human genogroupⅠand bovine genogroupⅢnorovirus capsid proteins[J].Virology,2006,356(1-2):179-187.
[11]Henderson KS.Murine norovirus,a recently discovered and highly prevalent viral agent of mice[J].Lab Animal,2008,37(7):314-320.
[12]Mesquita JR,Barclay L,Nascimento MS,et al.Novel norovirus in dogs with diarrhea[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2010,16(6):980-982.
[13]Pletneva MA,Sosnovtsev SV,Green KY.The genome of hawaii virus and its relationship with other members of the caliciviridae[J].Virus genes,2001,23(1):5-16.
[14]Kojima S,Kageyama T,Fukushi S,et al.Genogroupspecific PCR primers for detection of Norwalk-like viruses[J].Journal of Virological Methods,2002,100(1-2):107-114.
[15]Bull RA,Eden J,Rawlinson WD,et al.Correction:rapid evolution of pandemic noroviruses of the GⅡ.4 lineage[J].PLo S pathogens,2010,6(3):e1000831.
[16]Lindesmith LC,Donaldson EF,Lobue AD,et al.Mechanisms of GⅡ.4 norovirus persistence in human populations[J].PLo S medicine,2008,5(2):e31.
[17]Wang HB,Wang Q,Zhao JH,et al.Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the norovirus GII.17:a newly emerging and dominant variant in China,2015[J].Infection Genetics&Evolution,2015,38:47-53.
[18]Duizer E,Schwab KJ,Neill FH,et al.Laboratory efforts to cultivate noroviruses[J].The Journal of General Virology,2004,85(Pt 1):79-87.
[19]Straub TM,Bentrup KHZ,Coghlan PO,et al.In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2007,13(3):396-403.
[20]Straub TM,Bartholomew RA,Valdez CO,et al.Human norovirus infection of Caco-2 cells grown as a a 3-Dimensional tissue structure[J].J Water Health,2011,9(2):225.
[21]Takanashi S,Saif LJ,Hughes JH,et al.Failure of propagation of human norovirus in intestinal epithelial cells with microvilli grown in three-dimensional cultures[J].Archives of Virology,2014,159(2):257-266.
[22]Jones MK,Watanabe M,Zhu S,et al.Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells[J].Science,2014,346(6210):755-759.
[23]Kovbasnjuk O,Zachos NC,In J,et al.Human enteroids:preclinical models of non-infl ammatory diarrhea[J].Stem Cell Research&Therapy,2013,4(1):4.
[24]Ettayebi K,Crawford SE,Murakami K,et al.Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell–derived human enteroids[J].Science,2016,353(6306):1387-1393.
[25]Cheetham S,Souza M,Meulia T,et al.Pathogenesis of a genogroup II hum an norovirus in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Journal of Virology,2006,80(21):10372-10381.
[26]Cheetham S,Souza M,Mc Gregor R,et al.Binding patterns of human norovirus-like particles to buccal and intestinal tissues of gnotobiotic pigs in relation to A/H histo-blood group antigen expression[J].Journal of Virology,2007,81(7):3535-3544.
[27]Souza M,Azevedo MS,Jung K,et al.Pathogenesis and immune responses in gnotobiotic calves after infection with the genogroupⅡ.4-HS66 strain of human norovirus[J].Journal of Virology,2008,82(4):1777-1786.
[28]Rockx BH,Bogers WM,Heeney JL,et al.Experimental norovirus infections in non-human primates[J].Journal of Medical Virology,2005,75(2):313-320.
[29]刘波,李超,陶于芬,等.猴源GⅡ.17型诺如病毒基因组P结构域及其变体的原核表达、纯化和抗原性鉴定[J].实验动物与比较医学,2016,36(5):334-339.
[30]翟艳妹,陈军.Real-time RT-PCR在一起诺如病毒Ⅱ型暴发疫情检测中的应用[J].河南预防医学杂志.2011,22(6):428-429.
[31]Shigemoto N,Fukuda S,Tanizawa Y,et al.Detection of norovirus,sapovirus,and human astrovirus in fecal specimens using a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR with fluorescent dye-labeled primers[J].Microbiology and immunology,2011,55(5):369-372.
[32]Perrin A,Loutreul J,Boudaud N,et al.Rapid,simple and efficient method for detection of viral genomes on raspberries[J].Journal of Virological Methods,2015,224:95-101.
[33]Lowther JA,Gustar NE,Powell AL,et al.Two-year systematic study to assess norovirus contamination in oysters from commercial harvesting areas in the United Kingdom[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(16):5812-5817.
[34]曹芳芳,徐德顺.单管多重荧光定量RT-PCR方法鉴别A组轮状病毒及诺如病毒GⅠ型和GⅡ型[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(6):823-826.
[35]张韶华,崔仑标,祁贤.RT-LAMP法对Ⅱ型诺如病毒的检测[J].现代预防医学.2014,41(15):2790-2792.
[36]李丹,唐庆娟,李兆杰.三种分子生物学方法检测牡蛎中诺如病毒的比较研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(12):246-250.
[37]Chen H,Chen X,Hu Y,et al.Reproducibility,fidelity,and discriminant validity of linear RNA amplification for microarray-based identification of major human enteric viruses[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2013,97(9):4129-4139.
[38]史蕾,顾大勇,徐云庆.基于磁珠的可视化基因芯片在诺如病毒快速检测中的应用[J].中国热带医学,2009,9(4):596-598.
[39]Morillo SG,Luchs A,Cilli A,et al.Norovirus 3rd Generation kit:an improvement for rapid diagnosis of sporadic gastroenteritis cases and valuable for outbreak detection[J].Journal of Virological Methods,2011,173(1):13-16.
[40]田胜男,佟巍,张丽芳.小鼠诺如病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立[J].中国比较医学杂志,2014,24(6):58-62.
[41]Pombubpa K,Kittigul L.Assessment of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of norovirus gastroen teritis[J].European Journal of Clinical Microbiology&Infectious Diseases,2012,31(9):2379-2383.
[42]Jiang XWM,Graham DY,Estes MK.Expression,self-assembly,and antigenicity of the Norwalk virus capsid protein[J].Journal of Virology,1992,66(11):6527-6532.
[43]张绪富,戴迎春,周迎春.诺如病毒病毒样颗粒的表达及其与HBGAs受体的结合研究[J].重庆医科大学学报,2011,36(3):315-318.
[2]Kapikian AZ,Wyatt RG,Dolin R,et al.Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis[J].Journal of virology,1972,10(5):1075-1081.
[3]方肇寅,温乐英,晋圣瑾,等.在我国腹泻患儿中发现诺瓦克样病毒感染[J].病毒学报,1995,11(3):5.
[4]秦萌,陆翌禹,封会茹.北京市丰台区诺如病毒暴发疫情的实验室鉴定及基因特征分析[J].传染病监测,2015,30(2):118-121.
[5]Chen H,Qian F,Xu J,et al.A novel norovirus GII.17 lineage contributed to adult gastroenteritis in Shanghai,China,during the winter of 2014-2015[J].Emerging Microbes&Infections,2015,4(11):e67.
[6]Gao Z,Liu B,Da H,et al.Increased norovirus activity was associated with a novel norovirus GII.17 variant in Beijing,China during winter 2014-2015[J].BMC Infectious Diseases,2015,15(1):574.
[7]袁文,王静,赵维波.结合内标的小鼠诺如病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用[J].中国实验动物学报,2015,23(1):49-56.
[8]Lee GC,Jung GS,Lee CH.Complete genomic sequence analysis of norovirus isolated from South Korea[J].Virus genes,2012,45(2):225-236.
[9]Donaldson EF,Lindesmith LC,Lobue AD,et al.Viral shape-shifting:norovirus evasion of the human immune system[J].Nature reviews Microbiology,2010,8(3):231-241.
[10]Batten CA,Clarke IN,Kempster SL,et al.Characterization of a cross-reactive linear epitope in human genogroupⅠand bovine genogroupⅢnorovirus capsid proteins[J].Virology,2006,356(1-2):179-187.
[11]Henderson KS.Murine norovirus,a recently discovered and highly prevalent viral agent of mice[J].Lab Animal,2008,37(7):314-320.
[12]Mesquita JR,Barclay L,Nascimento MS,et al.Novel norovirus in dogs with diarrhea[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2010,16(6):980-982.
[13]Pletneva MA,Sosnovtsev SV,Green KY.The genome of hawaii virus and its relationship with other members of the caliciviridae[J].Virus genes,2001,23(1):5-16.
[14]Kojima S,Kageyama T,Fukushi S,et al.Genogroupspecific PCR primers for detection of Norwalk-like viruses[J].Journal of Virological Methods,2002,100(1-2):107-114.
[15]Bull RA,Eden J,Rawlinson WD,et al.Correction:rapid evolution of pandemic noroviruses of the GⅡ.4 lineage[J].PLo S pathogens,2010,6(3):e1000831.
[16]Lindesmith LC,Donaldson EF,Lobue AD,et al.Mechanisms of GⅡ.4 norovirus persistence in human populations[J].PLo S medicine,2008,5(2):e31.
[17]Wang HB,Wang Q,Zhao JH,et al.Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the norovirus GII.17:a newly emerging and dominant variant in China,2015[J].Infection Genetics&Evolution,2015,38:47-53.
[18]Duizer E,Schwab KJ,Neill FH,et al.Laboratory efforts to cultivate noroviruses[J].The Journal of General Virology,2004,85(Pt 1):79-87.
[19]Straub TM,Bentrup KHZ,Coghlan PO,et al.In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses[J].Emerging Infectious Diseases,2007,13(3):396-403.
[20]Straub TM,Bartholomew RA,Valdez CO,et al.Human norovirus infection of Caco-2 cells grown as a a 3-Dimensional tissue structure[J].J Water Health,2011,9(2):225.
[21]Takanashi S,Saif LJ,Hughes JH,et al.Failure of propagation of human norovirus in intestinal epithelial cells with microvilli grown in three-dimensional cultures[J].Archives of Virology,2014,159(2):257-266.
[22]Jones MK,Watanabe M,Zhu S,et al.Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells[J].Science,2014,346(6210):755-759.
[23]Kovbasnjuk O,Zachos NC,In J,et al.Human enteroids:preclinical models of non-infl ammatory diarrhea[J].Stem Cell Research&Therapy,2013,4(1):4.
[24]Ettayebi K,Crawford SE,Murakami K,et al.Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell–derived human enteroids[J].Science,2016,353(6306):1387-1393.
[25]Cheetham S,Souza M,Meulia T,et al.Pathogenesis of a genogroup II hum an norovirus in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Journal of Virology,2006,80(21):10372-10381.
[26]Cheetham S,Souza M,Mc Gregor R,et al.Binding patterns of human norovirus-like particles to buccal and intestinal tissues of gnotobiotic pigs in relation to A/H histo-blood group antigen expression[J].Journal of Virology,2007,81(7):3535-3544.
[27]Souza M,Azevedo MS,Jung K,et al.Pathogenesis and immune responses in gnotobiotic calves after infection with the genogroupⅡ.4-HS66 strain of human norovirus[J].Journal of Virology,2008,82(4):1777-1786.
[28]Rockx BH,Bogers WM,Heeney JL,et al.Experimental norovirus infections in non-human primates[J].Journal of Medical Virology,2005,75(2):313-320.
[29]刘波,李超,陶于芬,等.猴源GⅡ.17型诺如病毒基因组P结构域及其变体的原核表达、纯化和抗原性鉴定[J].实验动物与比较医学,2016,36(5):334-339.
[30]翟艳妹,陈军.Real-time RT-PCR在一起诺如病毒Ⅱ型暴发疫情检测中的应用[J].河南预防医学杂志.2011,22(6):428-429.
[31]Shigemoto N,Fukuda S,Tanizawa Y,et al.Detection of norovirus,sapovirus,and human astrovirus in fecal specimens using a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR with fluorescent dye-labeled primers[J].Microbiology and immunology,2011,55(5):369-372.
[32]Perrin A,Loutreul J,Boudaud N,et al.Rapid,simple and efficient method for detection of viral genomes on raspberries[J].Journal of Virological Methods,2015,224:95-101.
[33]Lowther JA,Gustar NE,Powell AL,et al.Two-year systematic study to assess norovirus contamination in oysters from commercial harvesting areas in the United Kingdom[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(16):5812-5817.
[34]曹芳芳,徐德顺.单管多重荧光定量RT-PCR方法鉴别A组轮状病毒及诺如病毒GⅠ型和GⅡ型[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2015,25(6):823-826.
[35]张韶华,崔仑标,祁贤.RT-LAMP法对Ⅱ型诺如病毒的检测[J].现代预防医学.2014,41(15):2790-2792.
[36]李丹,唐庆娟,李兆杰.三种分子生物学方法检测牡蛎中诺如病毒的比较研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(12):246-250.
[37]Chen H,Chen X,Hu Y,et al.Reproducibility,fidelity,and discriminant validity of linear RNA amplification for microarray-based identification of major human enteric viruses[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2013,97(9):4129-4139.
[38]史蕾,顾大勇,徐云庆.基于磁珠的可视化基因芯片在诺如病毒快速检测中的应用[J].中国热带医学,2009,9(4):596-598.
[39]Morillo SG,Luchs A,Cilli A,et al.Norovirus 3rd Generation kit:an improvement for rapid diagnosis of sporadic gastroenteritis cases and valuable for outbreak detection[J].Journal of Virological Methods,2011,173(1):13-16.
[40]田胜男,佟巍,张丽芳.小鼠诺如病毒间接免疫荧光检测方法的建立[J].中国比较医学杂志,2014,24(6):58-62.
[41]Pombubpa K,Kittigul L.Assessment of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of norovirus gastroen teritis[J].European Journal of Clinical Microbiology&Infectious Diseases,2012,31(9):2379-2383.
[42]Jiang XWM,Graham DY,Estes MK.Expression,self-assembly,and antigenicity of the Norwalk virus capsid protein[J].Journal of Virology,1992,66(11):6527-6532.
[43]张绪富,戴迎春,周迎春.诺如病毒病毒样颗粒的表达及其与HBGAs受体的结合研究[J].重庆医科大学学报,2011,36(3):315-318.
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