十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)胁迫对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)摄食与选食的影响
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摘要
实验生态条件下研究十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的急性毒性胁迫对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Branchionus plicatilis)运动行为与摄食行为的影响,探讨可用以表征胁迫-响应的生物标志物。结果表明:(1)BDE-209胁迫24h显著性增加了褶皱臂尾轮虫的运动抑制率,由此得到24h半数有效抑制浓度(24h-EC_(50))为9.084mg/L,但未达到半数致死作用;(2)当分别以四种海洋微藻:小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)、等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana)和小新月菱形藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)为单一饵料来源时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对四种饵料单胞藻的滤水率(F)和摄食率(G)均随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,呈现出明显的浓度依赖性,说明BDE-209胁迫能显著抑制褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食作用。(3)将其中三种微藻等生物量混合投喂时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对三种微藻的滤水率和摄食率与单一饵料投喂条件相比均发生变化,且对各种微藻的选食率(Sr)和摄食总生物量均随着胁迫时间和浓度的增加呈下降趋势,选择性指数(Si)发生变化,对小球藻的摄食选择性最高。滤水率的变化较其它指标更敏感,可用以指示浮游动物在个体水平上响应外源环境变化的标志物。结果表明,BDE-209胁迫能有效改变褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食与选食行为,且其最适宜的饵料是小球藻。
Under controlled laboratory conditions, the acute toxic effect of high brominated Deca-BDE(BDE-209) on Brachionus plicatilis and the response of feeding behavior to the stress were studied. Experiment was designed at five concentrations of BDE-209(2, 6, 10, 14, and 18mg/L) against a blank and a control groups in triplication. The results indicated that:(1) BDE-209 significantly inhibited the motile behavior of B. plicatilis and the 24 h-EC50 was 9.084mg/L, but the half lethal effects were not observed;(2) When four species of marine microalgae bait: Chlorella vulgaris, Platymonas helgolandica, Isochrysis galbana, and Cylindrotheca closterium were fed as the single food source, the filtering rate(F) and the feeding rate(G) of B. plicatilis decreased obviously as the increase of BDE-209 concentrations and exposure time, exhibiting a does-dependent manner, which indicated the feeding behavior of B. plicatilis was significantly inhibited by BDE-209;(3) when C. vulgaris, P. helgolandica, and I. Galbana were fed to B. plicatilis together as mixed food, the values of F, G, feeding selectivity ratio(Sr) and total biomass of B. plicatilis decrsased obviously in the same manner, and the food selectivity index(Si) changed simultaneously. C. vulgaris was the optimal food source for B. plicatilis with and without BDE-209 exposure. Moreover, the filtering rate was the most sensitive parameter to the stress and could be used as an indicator of zooplankton to the changes of ambient environment. We concluded that the stress of BDE-209 significantly changed the feeding and selecting behavior of B. plicatilis, and the optimal food source for it was C. vulgaris.
Under controlled laboratory conditions, the acute toxic effect of high brominated Deca-BDE(BDE-209) on Brachionus plicatilis and the response of feeding behavior to the stress were studied. Experiment was designed at five concentrations of BDE-209(2, 6, 10, 14, and 18mg/L) against a blank and a control groups in triplication. The results indicated that:(1) BDE-209 significantly inhibited the motile behavior of B. plicatilis and the 24 h-EC50 was 9.084mg/L, but the half lethal effects were not observed;(2) When four species of marine microalgae bait: Chlorella vulgaris, Platymonas helgolandica, Isochrysis galbana, and Cylindrotheca closterium were fed as the single food source, the filtering rate(F) and the feeding rate(G) of B. plicatilis decreased obviously as the increase of BDE-209 concentrations and exposure time, exhibiting a does-dependent manner, which indicated the feeding behavior of B. plicatilis was significantly inhibited by BDE-209;(3) when C. vulgaris, P. helgolandica, and I. Galbana were fed to B. plicatilis together as mixed food, the values of F, G, feeding selectivity ratio(Sr) and total biomass of B. plicatilis decrsased obviously in the same manner, and the food selectivity index(Si) changed simultaneously. C. vulgaris was the optimal food source for B. plicatilis with and without BDE-209 exposure. Moreover, the filtering rate was the most sensitive parameter to the stress and could be used as an indicator of zooplankton to the changes of ambient environment. We concluded that the stress of BDE-209 significantly changed the feeding and selecting behavior of B. plicatilis, and the optimal food source for it was C. vulgaris.
引文
李卓娜,孟范平,赵顺顺等,2009.2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对4种海洋微藻的急性毒性.生态毒理学报,4(3):435-439
房宽,唐学玺,张璟等,2013.饵料微藻的种类和密度差异对褶皱臂尾轮虫幼虫摄食和选食行为的影响.海洋环境科学,32(4):497-501
周文礼,2005.几种饵料单胞藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食、繁殖和实验种群动态的影响.青岛:中国海洋大学硕士论文,26-27
孟范平,李卓娜,2009.多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)在海洋环境中的行为研究进展.中国海洋大学学报,39(2):285-289
国家环保总局,2004.HJ/T 154-2004新化学物质危害评估导则.北京:国家环保总局
Breitholtz M,Nyholm J R,Karlsson J et al,2008.Are individual NOEC levels safe for mixtures?A study on mixture toxicity of brominated flame-retardants in the copepod Nitocra spinipes.Chemosphere,72(9):1242-1249
Chen Q,Yu L Q,Yang L H et al,2012.Bioconcentration and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209)result in thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae.Aquatic Toxicology,110-111:141-148
Chiuchiolo A L,Dickhut R M,Cochran M A et al,2004.Persistent organic pollutants at the base of the Antarctic marine food web.Environmental Science&Technology,38(13):3551-3557
de Paiva Magalhaes D,da Cunha R A,dos Santos J A A et al,2007.Behavioral response of zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton 1822 to sublethal stress by sodium hypochlorite:ecotoxicological assay using an image analysis biomonitoring system.Ecotoxicology,16(5):417-422
Fernandezcasalderrey A,Ferrando M D,Andreumoliner E,1994.Effect of sublethal concentrations of pesticides on the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,27(1):82-89
Ferrando M D,Janssen C R,Andreu E et al,1993.Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorusⅢ.The effects of chemicals on the feeding-behavior.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,26(1):1-9
Frost B W,1972.Effects of size and concentration of food particles on the feeding behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus.Limnology and Oceanography,17(6):805-815
Kersting K,van der Honing H,1981.Effect of the herbicide dichlobenil on the feeding and filtering rate of Daphnia magna.Proceedings-International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology,21(Pt 2):1135-1140
McClain V,Stapleton H M,Tilton F et al,2012.BDE 49 and developmental toxicity in zebrafish.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,155(2):253-258
Nakari T,Huhtala S,2008.Comparison of toxicity of congener-153 of PCB,PBB,and PBDE to Daphnia magna.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,71(2):514-518
Suatoni E,Vicario S,Rice S et al,2006.An analysis of species boundaries and biogeographic patterns in a cryptic species complex:the rotifer——Brachionus plicatilis.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,41(1):86—98
Talsness C E,2008.Overview of toxicological aspects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers:a flame-retardant additive in several consumer products.Environmental Research,108(2):158-167
Tanabe S,2004.PBDEs,an emerging group of persistent pollutants.Marine Pollution Bulletin,49(5—6):369—370
房宽,唐学玺,张璟等,2013.饵料微藻的种类和密度差异对褶皱臂尾轮虫幼虫摄食和选食行为的影响.海洋环境科学,32(4):497-501
周文礼,2005.几种饵料单胞藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食、繁殖和实验种群动态的影响.青岛:中国海洋大学硕士论文,26-27
孟范平,李卓娜,2009.多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)在海洋环境中的行为研究进展.中国海洋大学学报,39(2):285-289
国家环保总局,2004.HJ/T 154-2004新化学物质危害评估导则.北京:国家环保总局
Breitholtz M,Nyholm J R,Karlsson J et al,2008.Are individual NOEC levels safe for mixtures?A study on mixture toxicity of brominated flame-retardants in the copepod Nitocra spinipes.Chemosphere,72(9):1242-1249
Chen Q,Yu L Q,Yang L H et al,2012.Bioconcentration and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209)result in thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae.Aquatic Toxicology,110-111:141-148
Chiuchiolo A L,Dickhut R M,Cochran M A et al,2004.Persistent organic pollutants at the base of the Antarctic marine food web.Environmental Science&Technology,38(13):3551-3557
de Paiva Magalhaes D,da Cunha R A,dos Santos J A A et al,2007.Behavioral response of zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton 1822 to sublethal stress by sodium hypochlorite:ecotoxicological assay using an image analysis biomonitoring system.Ecotoxicology,16(5):417-422
Fernandezcasalderrey A,Ferrando M D,Andreumoliner E,1994.Effect of sublethal concentrations of pesticides on the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,27(1):82-89
Ferrando M D,Janssen C R,Andreu E et al,1993.Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorusⅢ.The effects of chemicals on the feeding-behavior.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,26(1):1-9
Frost B W,1972.Effects of size and concentration of food particles on the feeding behavior of the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus.Limnology and Oceanography,17(6):805-815
Kersting K,van der Honing H,1981.Effect of the herbicide dichlobenil on the feeding and filtering rate of Daphnia magna.Proceedings-International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology,21(Pt 2):1135-1140
McClain V,Stapleton H M,Tilton F et al,2012.BDE 49 and developmental toxicity in zebrafish.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,155(2):253-258
Nakari T,Huhtala S,2008.Comparison of toxicity of congener-153 of PCB,PBB,and PBDE to Daphnia magna.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,71(2):514-518
Suatoni E,Vicario S,Rice S et al,2006.An analysis of species boundaries and biogeographic patterns in a cryptic species complex:the rotifer——Brachionus plicatilis.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,41(1):86—98
Talsness C E,2008.Overview of toxicological aspects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers:a flame-retardant additive in several consumer products.Environmental Research,108(2):158-167
Tanabe S,2004.PBDEs,an emerging group of persistent pollutants.Marine Pollution Bulletin,49(5—6):369—370