韩江三河坝-潮州供水枢纽段河道冲淤规律及成因分析
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摘要
以韩江三河坝-潮州供水枢纽段为研究对象,利用2002～2017年实测地形资料,分析了河道冲淤量及强度、断面及深泓变化,基于河段区间泥沙输移平衡关系,结合河道采砂情况,确定了引起河道冲淤的主控因素。研究表明:①韩江三河坝-潮州供水枢纽段深泓整体为下切趋势,2002～2017年期间三河坝-高陂枢纽、高陂枢纽-东山枢纽及东山枢纽-潮州供水枢纽河段平均下切分别为1.92 m、1.15 m和5.38 m;②2002～2008年期间韩江三河坝-东山枢纽河段略有淤积,2008～2017年期间为冲刷趋势,其中三河坝-高陂枢纽河段冲刷强度减小,高陂枢纽-东山枢纽河段冲刷强度增加;③2002～2017年期间东山枢纽-潮州供水枢纽河段的河道均为冲刷趋势,且冲刷强度先减小后增大;④基于河段区间泥沙输移平衡理论,结合河道采砂量,研究认为河道采砂是引起三河坝-归湖河段河床冲刷下切的主控因素。
The river sediment volume and intensity, cross section and the thalweg change of Sanhe Dam-Chaozhou Water Supply Project section of the Hanjiang River were analyzed using the measured topographic data from 2002 to 2017. Based on the sediment transport balance, combined with the amount of river channel sand mining, the main controlling factors that cause the channel erosion and deposition are determined. The results are as follows: 1) The thalweg of the Hanjiang River Sanhe Dam-Chaozhou Water Supply Project section shows a downcutting trend. During the period from 2002 to 2017, the average downcutting values of the Sanhe Dam-Gaobei hydro-junction, Gaobei hydro-junction-Dongshan hydro-junction and Dongshan hydro-junction-Chaozhou Water Supply Project were 1.92 m, 1.15 m and 5.38 m, respectively. 2) Sanhe Dam-Dongshan hydro-junction had a slight deposition from 2002 to 2008 and an erosion trend from 2008 to 2017. The erosion intensity decreased in Sanhe Dam-Dongshan hydro-junction, but increased in the Gaobei-Dongshan hydro-junction. 3)During the period from 2002 to 2017, the river channel of Dongshan hydro-junction-Chaozhou Water Supply Project showed an erosion trend, and the erosion intensity decreased first and then increased. 4)Based on the theory of sediment balance in the river and in combination with the sand mining quantity, it is believed that the sand mining is the main controlling factor that causes the river bed down cutting.
The river sediment volume and intensity, cross section and the thalweg change of Sanhe Dam-Chaozhou Water Supply Project section of the Hanjiang River were analyzed using the measured topographic data from 2002 to 2017. Based on the sediment transport balance, combined with the amount of river channel sand mining, the main controlling factors that cause the channel erosion and deposition are determined. The results are as follows: 1) The thalweg of the Hanjiang River Sanhe Dam-Chaozhou Water Supply Project section shows a downcutting trend. During the period from 2002 to 2017, the average downcutting values of the Sanhe Dam-Gaobei hydro-junction, Gaobei hydro-junction-Dongshan hydro-junction and Dongshan hydro-junction-Chaozhou Water Supply Project were 1.92 m, 1.15 m and 5.38 m, respectively. 2) Sanhe Dam-Dongshan hydro-junction had a slight deposition from 2002 to 2008 and an erosion trend from 2008 to 2017. The erosion intensity decreased in Sanhe Dam-Dongshan hydro-junction, but increased in the Gaobei-Dongshan hydro-junction. 3)During the period from 2002 to 2017, the river channel of Dongshan hydro-junction-Chaozhou Water Supply Project showed an erosion trend, and the erosion intensity decreased first and then increased. 4)Based on the theory of sediment balance in the river and in combination with the sand mining quantity, it is believed that the sand mining is the main controlling factor that causes the river bed down cutting.
引文
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[3] 李俊伟.基于小波变换的韩江年径流多时间尺度演变特征分析[J].广东水利水电,2014(4):5-8.LI J W.Analysis of urban drainage’s pump station planning discharge to Pancun pump station small plain catchment area [J].Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,2014(4):5-8.
[4] 关帅,林颖妍,查悉妮,等.基于Copula函数的韩江流域干支流洪水遭遇分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2015,54(5):130-137.GUAN S,LI Y Y,ZHA X N,et al.Copula function-based flood coincidence probability analysis for mainstream and tributary of the Hanjiang River Basin [J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2015,54(5):130-137.
[5] 李俊伟.灰色趋势-逐步回归周期组合模型在韩江潮安站长期水文预报中的应用[J].广东水利水电,2014(6):25-29.LI J W.Application of the grey-stepwise regression period combinatorial model to long-term hydrological forecasting in Chaoan station of Hanjiang Basin [J].Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower,2014(6):25-29.
[6] 缪连华.韩江流域径流变化规律研究[J].广东水利水电,2013(5):41-43.MIAO L H.Study on runoff change law of Hanjiang River Basin [J].Guangzhou Water Resources and Hydropower,2013(5):41-43.
[7] 涂新军,陈晓宏,张强.区域河川径流量时空变异特征及成因分析-以广东省为例[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(1):104-111.TU X J,CHEN X H,ZHANG Q.Spatial-temporal variability patterns of regional runoffs series and their root cause analysis,Guangdong Province [J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(1):104-111.
[8] 杨传训,张正栋,张倩,等.1955-2012年韩江入海径流量和输沙量多尺度变化特征[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,49(3):68-75.YANG C X,ZHANG Z D,ZHANG Q,et al.Characteristics of Multi-Scale Variability of Water Discharge and Sediment Load in the Hanjiang River During 1955-2012 [J].Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2017,49(3):68-75.
[9] 马奇国.韩江流域河床近期变化分析[J].人民珠江,2015(4):36-39.MA Q G.Analysis on recent changes of riverbed in Hanjiang River Basin[J].Pearl River,2015(4):36-39.
[10] 黄汉禹,刘海洋.韩江下游及三角洲河段河床变化分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(增刊2):10-14.HUANG H Y,LIU H Y.Analysis on river bed change in the lower reach and the delta reach of the Hanjiang river[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2001,40(Suppl 2):10-14.
[11] 胡巍巍.韩江中下游河道采砂对河流水文与生态环境的影响[J].湿地科学,2016,14(2):157-162.HU W W.Impact of sand excavation in riverway on hydrology and ecological environment of middle and lower reaches of hanjiang river [J].Wetland Science,2016,14(2):157-162.
[12] 胡巍巍.人类活动对韩江水沙径流变化的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):157-161.HU W W.The influence of human activities on the runoff and sediment load changes of Hanjiang River [J].Research of Soil & Water Conservation,2016,23(2):157-161.
[13] 徐锡荣,白金霞,陈界仁,等.韩江干流航道设计最低通航水位探讨[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(6):66-69.XU X R,BAI J X,CHEN J R,et al.On the lowest design navigable stage of main stream of Hanjiang River [J],2011,31(6):66-69.
[14] 徐强强,谢平,李培月,等.广东省主要河流最低通航水位变异分析[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(7):44-54.XU Q Q,XIE P,LI P Y,et al.Variation analysis of lowest navigable water levels in major rivers in Guangdong province [J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(7):44-54.