中国高物流成本的危害及其对策——基于马克思资本流通理论视角
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摘要
当前我国物流业进入快速发展通道,但物流成本却居高不下,成为制约物流业持续、健康发展的重要因素。我国物流成本的现状,一是跟发达国家以及新兴国家相比,物流成本占GDP比重偏高;二是物流成本内部构成比例不合理,运输费用占物流成本比重偏低,保管、管理费用占比例偏高。高物流成本造成了物流业低效率、核心竞争力不足,社会资源的浪费和社会福利的损失等影响。马克思认为流通时间是资本处在流通领域的时间,同时将流通领域中产生的流通费用划分为纯粹的流通费用和生产性流通费用。在社会生产总过程中,流通领域中流通环节过多,不仅延长流通时间也会增加流通费用。我国流通领域中物流成本过高不利于社会资源的合理配置,也不利于社会再生产,一方面,物流成本的上升,企业的经营成本就越高,导致企业平均利润率下降,不利于企业发展核心竞争力;另一方面,过高的物流成本附加在商品价格上,商品变得贵,会抑制消费者的需求。针对物流成本高的原因以及结合马克思的流通理论,降低物流成本应采取如下对策:完善基础设施建设、完善企业管理运行机制、控制不合理的非生产性费用,优化物流运输的外部环境。
The current situation of logistics cost in China has two features: Firstly,the logistics share of GDP is high compared with that in developed countries and emerging countries; Secondly,the internal composition of logistics cost is not reasonable. High logistics costs lead to the low efficiency of the industry,lack of core competitiveness,waste of social resources and loss of social welfare. Marx holds that time of commodity circulation refers to the time that capitals need to circulate and divides costs of circulation into genuine costs of circulation and circulation fees in production process. The high logistics cost in the domain of circulation in China is to the disadvantage of the rational allocation of social resources and social reproduction. On the one hand,the increase of logistics cost causes the increase of operating cost; On the other hand,commodity prices go high as logistics costs are attached to them,which leads to the failure to satisfy consumers' demands. Countermeasures to reduce logistics costs are put forward by analyzing the causes of high logistics costs based on Marx's theory of capital circulation such as improving infrastructure and the operation mechanism of enterprise management,controlling unreasonable non-productive costs and optimizing the external environment of logistics transportation.
The current situation of logistics cost in China has two features: Firstly,the logistics share of GDP is high compared with that in developed countries and emerging countries; Secondly,the internal composition of logistics cost is not reasonable. High logistics costs lead to the low efficiency of the industry,lack of core competitiveness,waste of social resources and loss of social welfare. Marx holds that time of commodity circulation refers to the time that capitals need to circulate and divides costs of circulation into genuine costs of circulation and circulation fees in production process. The high logistics cost in the domain of circulation in China is to the disadvantage of the rational allocation of social resources and social reproduction. On the one hand,the increase of logistics cost causes the increase of operating cost; On the other hand,commodity prices go high as logistics costs are attached to them,which leads to the failure to satisfy consumers' demands. Countermeasures to reduce logistics costs are put forward by analyzing the causes of high logistics costs based on Marx's theory of capital circulation such as improving infrastructure and the operation mechanism of enterprise management,controlling unreasonable non-productive costs and optimizing the external environment of logistics transportation.
引文
[1]石运荣,马彩凤.我国物流成本状况分析及对策[J].中国商人(经济理论研究),2005,(2).
[2]龚晓丹.中国社会物流成本分析[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2008,(5).
[3]陈德余.降低物流成本促进中国经济优质发展[J].经济师,2009,(12).
[4]罗嘉铭.浅谈中国物流成本高的原因与解决方法[J].现代商业,2016,(36).
[5]于梦娇.浅谈我国物流成本管理的现状及对策[J].现代经济信息,2017,(15).
[6]国家发展改革委经济运行局.我国物流成本现状及国际比较[J].中国经贸导刊,2017,(8).
[7]曹萍.关于中国物流成本持续高位的探讨[J].现代经济信息,2014,(24).
[8]资本论(第2卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2004:141-142.
[9]王蕴.我国流通成本问题的研究[J].经济研究参考,2014,(51).
[10]史锦梅.网络经济时代分解配送环节增值商品物流的模式探索[J].生产力研究,2015,(3):85-88.
(1)相关数据来源于《中国物流统计年鉴2016》。
(1)中共中央文献研究室:《习近平总书记重要讲话文章选编》,北京:中央文献出版社2016年版,第316页。
(1)相关数据来源于《中国物流统计年鉴2016》。
[2]龚晓丹.中国社会物流成本分析[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2008,(5).
[3]陈德余.降低物流成本促进中国经济优质发展[J].经济师,2009,(12).
[4]罗嘉铭.浅谈中国物流成本高的原因与解决方法[J].现代商业,2016,(36).
[5]于梦娇.浅谈我国物流成本管理的现状及对策[J].现代经济信息,2017,(15).
[6]国家发展改革委经济运行局.我国物流成本现状及国际比较[J].中国经贸导刊,2017,(8).
[7]曹萍.关于中国物流成本持续高位的探讨[J].现代经济信息,2014,(24).
[8]资本论(第2卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2004:141-142.
[9]王蕴.我国流通成本问题的研究[J].经济研究参考,2014,(51).
[10]史锦梅.网络经济时代分解配送环节增值商品物流的模式探索[J].生产力研究,2015,(3):85-88.
(1)相关数据来源于《中国物流统计年鉴2016》。
(1)中共中央文献研究室:《习近平总书记重要讲话文章选编》,北京:中央文献出版社2016年版,第316页。
(1)相关数据来源于《中国物流统计年鉴2016》。