甘肃龙首山成矿带新水井铀(钍)矿床元素迁移规律及成矿作用过程研究
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摘要
新水井铀(钍)矿床位于甘肃省龙首山成矿带,是碱交代型铀矿床的典型代表,其矿体完全产于钠交代蚀变花岗岩中,成矿过程可划分为钠交代蚀变、铀钍矿化和成矿后3个主要阶段。文章对该矿床花岗岩原岩、蚀变岩及矿石开展了系统主微量元素分析,采用Grant等浓度线法探讨了钠交代蚀变和铀钍矿化阶段的元素迁移规律,结果表明:钠交代蚀变阶段为富含Na、Ca、过渡族元素(Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni)、U、Th及CO2、H2O等挥发分的复杂流体,钠交代过程中原岩中的大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)和部分轻稀土元素(LREE)不同程度带出;而铀钍成矿阶段成矿流体则富集重稀土元素(HREE)、U、Th、PO43-等成分,CO2等挥发分大量逸出。结合前人研究,认为新水井矿床成矿流体可能来自地幔流体和大气降水热液的混合;等挥发分CO2的逸出是新水井矿床最重要的矿质沉淀机制,导致了铀钍矿物和磷酸盐矿物(磷灰石)的共沉淀,而磷灰石的沉淀又促进了以磷酸盐形式搬运的Th元素的沉淀。
The Xinshuijing U-Th deposit in the Longshoushan metallogenic belt of Gansu Province is a typical alkali metasomatic U-Th deposit hosted in albitite.The ore-forming processes can be divided into three major mineralization stages,i.e.,Nametasomatism,U-Th mineralization and post-ore stage.In this paper,the authors systematically analyzed major and trace elementsin less-altered granite,albitite and ore of the Xinshuijing deposit,and discussed the element transportation using the isocon diagram proposed by Grant.During the Na-metasomatism stage,Na,Ca,Sc,V,Cr,Co,Ni,U,Th and CO2,H2 O were enriched,while large ion lithophile elements and some of the light rare earth elements were depleted.The ore-forming fluids of the U-Th mineralization stage were rich in heavy rare earth elements,U,Th,PO3-4,with volatile components(CO2,H2 O,F,etc) abundantly escaped.Combined with former studies,the authors hold that the ore-forming fluid was the mixture between the mantle fluid and meteoric water.Vapor escape and the oxygen fugacity decrease seem to have been the major mineralization mechanism,which induced coprecipitation of U-Th minerals and apatite.Th transported in the form of compound phosphate was further precipitated after apatite formation.
The Xinshuijing U-Th deposit in the Longshoushan metallogenic belt of Gansu Province is a typical alkali metasomatic U-Th deposit hosted in albitite.The ore-forming processes can be divided into three major mineralization stages,i.e.,Nametasomatism,U-Th mineralization and post-ore stage.In this paper,the authors systematically analyzed major and trace elementsin less-altered granite,albitite and ore of the Xinshuijing deposit,and discussed the element transportation using the isocon diagram proposed by Grant.During the Na-metasomatism stage,Na,Ca,Sc,V,Cr,Co,Ni,U,Th and CO2,H2 O were enriched,while large ion lithophile elements and some of the light rare earth elements were depleted.The ore-forming fluids of the U-Th mineralization stage were rich in heavy rare earth elements,U,Th,PO3-4,with volatile components(CO2,H2 O,F,etc) abundantly escaped.Combined with former studies,the authors hold that the ore-forming fluid was the mixture between the mantle fluid and meteoric water.Vapor escape and the oxygen fugacity decrease seem to have been the major mineralization mechanism,which induced coprecipitation of U-Th minerals and apatite.Th transported in the form of compound phosphate was further precipitated after apatite formation.
引文
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(2)魏观辉,刘玉和,王连香.龙首山地区碱交代热液铀矿床形成地球化学机理探讨[R].咸阳:二零三研究所,1987.
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