辽东五龙金矿区成矿期构造过程与岩脉就位机制
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摘要
五龙金矿是华北克拉通东部辽东矿集区的典型代表,属于石英脉型金矿.但是,对于其构造控矿机制长期没有明确的认识.本次构造与年代学研究表明,该区在早白垩世初经历了近南北向挤压,形成了多条北东走向左行平移断裂,及其派生的共轭剪破裂.在随后的早白垩世期间(约131～113Ma),该区遭受了西北西-东南东向拉张,形成了北东至北北东走向正断层,并且使得前期构造复活.在此早白垩世伸展期,五龙金矿区南部侵位了三股流岩体(131～120 Ma),北部侵位了五龙背岩体(127～126 Ma),而矿区内侵位了一系列闪长岩脉、花岗岩脉、花岗伟晶岩脉、煌斑岩脉、辉绿岩脉等,前两者与含金石英脉紧密伴生.本次锆石U-Pb定年,指示区内闪长岩脉与花岗岩脉的侵位时间为127～113Ma,属于伸展活动中的同构造侵位岩脉.这些早白垩世岩脉,一方面沿着新生的北东至北北东向张裂面就位,另一方面沿着复活的早期构造就位,从而导致了区内多方位岩脉的共生现象.五龙金矿含金石英脉与这些同期岩脉具有类似的形成机制,两者常呈伴生关系,推断区内金成矿发生127～113Ma期间,属于华北克拉通破坏峰期形成的金矿.但是,五龙金矿具体成矿时间还需矿石矿物直接定年的证据.
The Wulong gold deposits are typical representative of deposits in the Liaodong ore concentration area in the eastern North China Craton. The gold deposits occur as the quartz-vein type. However, gold mineralization time of the Wulong gold deposits was uncertain, and structural controlling mechanism for them remains unclear. We present structural and geochronological data to constrain structural evolution and dike emplacement mechanism before and during the gold mineralization. The Wulong monzonitic granite pluton, the host intrusion for the gold deposits, was dated at 173-163 Ma(Middle Jurassic). The pluton suffered WNW-ESE shortening probably at the beginning of Late Jurassic, as shown by penetrative, ductile deformation and local ductile reverse shear belts in the pluton. The Wulong pluton was then subjected to nearly N-S compression that led to formation of several NE-striking sinistral faults and associated conjugate fractures at the beginning of Early Cretaceous. The compression was followed by WNW-ESE extension during the Early Cretaceous(ca. 131-113 Ma). The Early Cretaceous extension caused a series of NE-to NNE-striking normal faults and reactivated previous faults or fractures with varied orientations. Our fault-slip data gave reliable constraints on the stress fields during the compression and extension. The extension was also associated with emplacement of the Sangouliu pluton(131-120 Ma) in the south, the Wulongbei pluton(127-126 Ma) in the south and a series of diorite, granite, granitic pegmatite, lamprophyre and diabase dikes in the gold mine field. Previous work demonstrates that the diorite and granite dikes often coexist with the auriferous quartz veins. Our zircon U-Pb dating gave 127-113 Ma intrusion ages for the dated diorite dikes, 126-113 Ma ages for the granite dikes and a 121 Ma age for the granitic pegmatite dike. These demonstrate that the diorite and granite dikes in the Wulong gold field are synchronous and their emplacement of 127-113 Ma happened during the extensional stage. These Early Cretaceous dikes were emplaced along both the newlyformed, NE-to NNE-striking normal faults and the previous faults or fractures reactivated during the extension. The dike emplacement along the new and previous structures resulted in varied orientations in the study area. We propose that the auriferous quartz veins share the similar emplacement mechanism with the synchronous dikes in the Wulong gold field. This inference is supported by the common coexistence of the both. It is suggested therefore that the gold mineralization in the Wulong gold field took place during the period of 127-113 Ma when the North China Craton experienced the peak destruction. However, direct dating results from ore minerals are needed to constrain the accurate gold mineralization time in the Wulong gold field.
The Wulong gold deposits are typical representative of deposits in the Liaodong ore concentration area in the eastern North China Craton. The gold deposits occur as the quartz-vein type. However, gold mineralization time of the Wulong gold deposits was uncertain, and structural controlling mechanism for them remains unclear. We present structural and geochronological data to constrain structural evolution and dike emplacement mechanism before and during the gold mineralization. The Wulong monzonitic granite pluton, the host intrusion for the gold deposits, was dated at 173-163 Ma(Middle Jurassic). The pluton suffered WNW-ESE shortening probably at the beginning of Late Jurassic, as shown by penetrative, ductile deformation and local ductile reverse shear belts in the pluton. The Wulong pluton was then subjected to nearly N-S compression that led to formation of several NE-striking sinistral faults and associated conjugate fractures at the beginning of Early Cretaceous. The compression was followed by WNW-ESE extension during the Early Cretaceous(ca. 131-113 Ma). The Early Cretaceous extension caused a series of NE-to NNE-striking normal faults and reactivated previous faults or fractures with varied orientations. Our fault-slip data gave reliable constraints on the stress fields during the compression and extension. The extension was also associated with emplacement of the Sangouliu pluton(131-120 Ma) in the south, the Wulongbei pluton(127-126 Ma) in the south and a series of diorite, granite, granitic pegmatite, lamprophyre and diabase dikes in the gold mine field. Previous work demonstrates that the diorite and granite dikes often coexist with the auriferous quartz veins. Our zircon U-Pb dating gave 127-113 Ma intrusion ages for the dated diorite dikes, 126-113 Ma ages for the granite dikes and a 121 Ma age for the granitic pegmatite dike. These demonstrate that the diorite and granite dikes in the Wulong gold field are synchronous and their emplacement of 127-113 Ma happened during the extensional stage. These Early Cretaceous dikes were emplaced along both the newlyformed, NE-to NNE-striking normal faults and the previous faults or fractures reactivated during the extension. The dike emplacement along the new and previous structures resulted in varied orientations in the study area. We propose that the auriferous quartz veins share the similar emplacement mechanism with the synchronous dikes in the Wulong gold field. This inference is supported by the common coexistence of the both. It is suggested therefore that the gold mineralization in the Wulong gold field took place during the period of 127-113 Ma when the North China Craton experienced the peak destruction. However, direct dating results from ore minerals are needed to constrain the accurate gold mineralization time in the Wulong gold field.
引文
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4 Wu F Y,Yang J H,Wilde S A,et al.Geochronology,petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Jurassic granites in the Liaodong Peninsula,NE China.Chem Geol,2005,221:127-156
5 Meng E,Liu F L,Shi J R,et al.Zircon U-Pb chronology,geochemistry of the previously“Pre-Sinian”intrusive rocks in Dandong area of southeastern Liaoning Province,and its tectonic implications(in Chinese).Acta Petrol Sin,2013,29:421-436[孟恩,刘福来,施建荣,等.辽宁省丹东地区“前震旦纪”侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义.岩石学报,2013,29:421-436]
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