不同代际科技企业孵化器孵化绩效差异比较——基于广东省的实证研究
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摘要
孵化器提质增效是未来中国孵化器发展的重要任务,但提质增效的前提是辨析不同类型孵化器是否实现其价值主张与功能定位。本文以孵化器价值主张和提供服务功能为标准,对孵化器进行代际划分,利用单因素方差检验进行组间对比分析,在此基础上利用Tukey检验进行两两组间对比分析,探究不同代际孵化器投入产出关系与孵化绩效之间的差异。研究结果表明:尽管孵化绩效表现上,高代孵化器表现更佳,但其服务投入也远远高于低代孵化器。从投入产出的角度看,高代际孵化器并非一定强于低代孵化器。不同代际的孵化器服务对象不同,我国孵化器质量提升,不仅仅是盲目鼓励孵化器低代际向高代际的演化,更重要是有针对性地提升每一种代际孵化器,使其高质量实现自身的主要孵化功能,尤其是在我国区域发展不均衡的现实国情下,每一个代际孵化器都有存在的必要性和合理性。本文结合实证结论,从孵化器差异化绩效评价、提升服务能力、孵化器品牌化经营三个方面提出了相关的管理启示。
An important task for the development of China's incubators in the future is to promote the quality and efficiency. However,the prerequisite of quality and efficiency promotion is to discriminate whether different types of incubators achieve their value proposition and functional orientation. Thus,based on the differences between value proposition and functional orientation,this paper constructs a new theoretical framework and identifies four generations of technology business incubators,and then applies one-way ANOVA to perform comparative analysis between groups,as well as Tukey test to comparative analysis between each of two groups in order to investigate the differences between input-output and incubation performance of different generation incubators. Empirical results show that,although the service performance of high-generation incubators is better,their inputs are much higher than that of low-generation incubators. From an input-output point of view,high-generation incubators do not necessarily outperform low-generation incubators. Considering their different service objects,the improvement of Chinese incubators is not only to blindly encourage the incubators' evolution from low generation to high generation. More importantly,the focus should be put on helping each generation of incubator fully achieve their main incubation function. Especially in China where development environment is regionally underbalanced,each generation of incubator has the necessity and rationality of existence. These findings provide some managerial implications regarding to differentiation performance evaluation,promotion of service capabilities and brand management of incubators.
An important task for the development of China's incubators in the future is to promote the quality and efficiency. However,the prerequisite of quality and efficiency promotion is to discriminate whether different types of incubators achieve their value proposition and functional orientation. Thus,based on the differences between value proposition and functional orientation,this paper constructs a new theoretical framework and identifies four generations of technology business incubators,and then applies one-way ANOVA to perform comparative analysis between groups,as well as Tukey test to comparative analysis between each of two groups in order to investigate the differences between input-output and incubation performance of different generation incubators. Empirical results show that,although the service performance of high-generation incubators is better,their inputs are much higher than that of low-generation incubators. From an input-output point of view,high-generation incubators do not necessarily outperform low-generation incubators. Considering their different service objects,the improvement of Chinese incubators is not only to blindly encourage the incubators' evolution from low generation to high generation. More importantly,the focus should be put on helping each generation of incubator fully achieve their main incubation function. Especially in China where development environment is regionally underbalanced,each generation of incubator has the necessity and rationality of existence. These findings provide some managerial implications regarding to differentiation performance evaluation,promotion of service capabilities and brand management of incubators.
引文
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[14]殷群.企业孵化器研究热点综述[J].科研管理,2008,29(1):157-163
[15]Lai W.H.,Lin C.C.Constructing Business Incubation Service Capabilities for Tenants at Post-Entrepreneurial Phase[J].Journal of Business Research,2015,68(11):2285-2289
[16]Rice M.P.Co-Production of Business Assistance in Business Incubators:An Exploratory Study[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2002,17(2):163-187
[17]胡海青,张旻,张宝建,等.网络交互模式与创业支持类型---基于中国孵化产业的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2012,30(2):275-283
[18]Albort-Morant G.,Ribeiro-Soriano D.A.Bibliometric Analysis of International Impact of Business Incubators[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(5):1775-1779
[19]刘伟,黄紫微,丁志慧.商业孵化器商业模式创新描述性框架---基于技术与资本市场的创新[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(5):110-119
[20]Sung T.K.,Gibson D.V.,Kang B.Characteristics of Technology Transfer In Business Venture:The Case of Daejeon,Korea[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2003,70(5):449-466
[2]Ayatse F.A.,Kwahar N.,Iyortsuun A.S.Business Incubation Process and Firm Performance:An Empirical Review[J].Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research,2017,7(1):1-17
[3]O’Neal T.,Evolving A.Successful University-Based Incubator:Lessons Learned from The UCF Technology Incubator[J].Engineering Management Journal,2005,17(3):11-25
[4]毕可佳,胡海青,张道宏.孵化器编配能力对孵化网络创新绩效影响研究---网络协同效应的中介作用[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):36-46
[5]张力.孵化互动、专用性人力资本和在孵企业成功毕业[J].南开管理评论,2012,15(1):93-101
[6]Aerts K.,Matthyssens P.,Vandenbempt K.Critical Role and Screening Practices of European Business Incubators[J].Technovation,2007,27(5):254-267
[7]Dutt N.,Hawn O.,Vidal E.,et al.How Open System Intermediaries Address Institutional Failures:The Case of Business Incubators in Emerging-Market Countries[J].Academy of Management Journal,2016,59(3):818-840
[8]胡海青,李浩.孵化器领导力与孵化网络绩效实证研究[J].管理评论,2016,28(3):164-172
[9]张宝建,胡海青,张道宏.企业孵化器组织的网络化机理研究述评[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(5):152-157
[10]Scillitoe J.L.,Chakrebarti A.K.The Role of Incubator Interactions in Assisting New Ventures[J].Technovation,2010,30(3):155-167
[11]朱云浩.科技企业孵化器效率及对区域创新经济的影响研究[D].中国科学技术大学博士学位论文,2014
[12]Bergek A.,Norrman C.Incubator Best Practice:A Framework[J].Technovation,2008,28(1-2):20-28
[13]Schwartz M.,Hornych C.Specialization as Strategy for Business Incubators:An Assessment of the Central German Multi-media Center[J].Technovation,2008,28(7):436-449
[14]殷群.企业孵化器研究热点综述[J].科研管理,2008,29(1):157-163
[15]Lai W.H.,Lin C.C.Constructing Business Incubation Service Capabilities for Tenants at Post-Entrepreneurial Phase[J].Journal of Business Research,2015,68(11):2285-2289
[16]Rice M.P.Co-Production of Business Assistance in Business Incubators:An Exploratory Study[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2002,17(2):163-187
[17]胡海青,张旻,张宝建,等.网络交互模式与创业支持类型---基于中国孵化产业的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2012,30(2):275-283
[18]Albort-Morant G.,Ribeiro-Soriano D.A.Bibliometric Analysis of International Impact of Business Incubators[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(5):1775-1779
[19]刘伟,黄紫微,丁志慧.商业孵化器商业模式创新描述性框架---基于技术与资本市场的创新[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(5):110-119
[20]Sung T.K.,Gibson D.V.,Kang B.Characteristics of Technology Transfer In Business Venture:The Case of Daejeon,Korea[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change,2003,70(5):449-466