挖掘光伏无功能力的配电网无功电压协调控制策略
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摘要
在高渗透光伏接入多电压等级配电网中,针对低压分布式光伏无功能力没有被充分利用和高/中/低压配电网无功电压未整体协调优化的问题,提出了一种充分挖掘光伏无功能力的多电压层级配电网无功电压协调控制策略。在低压配电网中,对于暂不具备通信网络,无法实现统一调度的光伏逆变器,采用3种就地自主电压控制模式进行实时无功电压控制;在多电压层级配电网无功电压协调控制模型中,考虑包括具备通信网络的光伏逆变器在内的各种无功源,建立电压分区和主导节点选择模型,设计上层全局优化和下层分区优化的双层协调控制策略,该策略充分挖掘了光伏无功对配电网电压的调节能力,实现对整个配电网的无功电压精准控制。将所提策略应用于江苏某220 kV主变区域实际系统,验证了其无功电压控制和消纳光伏发电的优势。
With large-scale photovoltaic(PV) systems access to distribution network, a coordinated voltage control strategy considering PV converter's reactive power for distribution network with multiple voltage levels is proposed, which aiming at the problem that low-voltage distributed PV's reactive power is not fully utilized and reactive power and voltage in high and low voltage distribution network are not coordinated and optimized as a whole. In the low-voltage distribution network where communication network is not available and unable to achieve unified scheduling, three kinds of local autonomous voltage control modes are chosen to control the reactive power and voltage in real time. In the proposed reactive power and voltage coordinated control model for distribution network with multiple voltage levels, considering a variety of reactive power sources including PV inverters with communication networks, models for voltage partition and dominant node selection are established, and a two-layer coordination control strategy, including the upper global optimization and the lower subdivision optimization, is designed. This strategy fully mines the capability of PV converter's reactive power to adjust the voltage of the distribution network, and realizes the accurate control of reactive power and voltage. A practical example system, the distribution network supplied by Shuanglong 220 kV substation in Jiangsu Province, is used to verify the proposed strategy, and the results verify its advantages in reactive power and voltage control as well as the ability of accessing PV power.
With large-scale photovoltaic(PV) systems access to distribution network, a coordinated voltage control strategy considering PV converter's reactive power for distribution network with multiple voltage levels is proposed, which aiming at the problem that low-voltage distributed PV's reactive power is not fully utilized and reactive power and voltage in high and low voltage distribution network are not coordinated and optimized as a whole. In the low-voltage distribution network where communication network is not available and unable to achieve unified scheduling, three kinds of local autonomous voltage control modes are chosen to control the reactive power and voltage in real time. In the proposed reactive power and voltage coordinated control model for distribution network with multiple voltage levels, considering a variety of reactive power sources including PV inverters with communication networks, models for voltage partition and dominant node selection are established, and a two-layer coordination control strategy, including the upper global optimization and the lower subdivision optimization, is designed. This strategy fully mines the capability of PV converter's reactive power to adjust the voltage of the distribution network, and realizes the accurate control of reactive power and voltage. A practical example system, the distribution network supplied by Shuanglong 220 kV substation in Jiangsu Province, is used to verify the proposed strategy, and the results verify its advantages in reactive power and voltage control as well as the ability of accessing PV power.
引文
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[15] 任佳依,顾伟,王勇,等.基于模型预测控制的主动配电网多时间尺度有功无功协调调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1397-1407.REN Jiayi,GU Wei,WANG Yong,et al.Multi-time scale active and reactive power coordinated optimal dispatch in active distribution network based on model predictive control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(5):1397-1407.
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[18] 陆凌芝,耿光飞,季玉琦,等.基于电气距离矩阵特征根分析的主动配电网电压控制分区方法[J].电力建设,2018,39(1):83-89.LU Lingzhi,GENG Guangfei,JI Yuqi,et al.Voltage control partition method of active distribution network based on electrical distance matrix eigenvalue analysis [J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(1):83-89.
[19] 李建芳,张璐,宋晓辉,等.含高渗透率分布式电源的配电网多目标无功分区及主导节点选择方法[J].可再生能源,2017,35(11):1664-1671.LI Jianfang,ZHANG Lu,SONG Xiaohui,et al.Multi-objective reactive power partitioning and pilot node selection of distribution network with high penetration of DGs[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2017,35(11):1664-1671.
[20] 于琳,孙莹,徐然,等.改进粒子群优化算法及其在电网无功分区中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(3):89-95,128.YU Lin,SUN Ying,XU Ran,et al.Improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application in reactive power partitioning of power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(3):89-95,128.
[2] 国家能源局.2018年前三季度光伏建设运行情况[R/OL].(2018-11-19)[2018-11-25].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2018-11/19/c_137617256.htm.
[3] 张世翔,邵慧壮.含分布式电源的配电网优化研究[J].中国电力,2017,50(3):147-153.ZHANG Shixiang,SHAO Huizhuang.Optimization research of distribution network considering distributed generation [J].Electric Power,2017,50(3):147-153.
[4] 方景辉,温镇.分布式光伏就地自适应电压控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):49-55.FANG Jinghui,WEN Zhen.Research on local adaptive voltage control strategy based on distributed PV [J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):49-55.
[5] 周金辉,骆宗义,王子凌,等.考虑AVC的含分布式光伏园区配电网无功电压控制仿真[J].浙江电力,2018,37(10):19-24.ZHOU Jinhui,LUO Zongyi,WANG Ziling,et al.Simulation of var-voltage control in distribution network with distributed PV considering AVC[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2018,37(10):19-24.
[6] 蔡永翔,唐巍,张璐,等.基于光伏逆变器无功调节的低压配电网多模式电压控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):133-141.CAI Yongxiang,TANG Wei,ZHANG Lu,et al.Multi-mode voltage control in low distribution networks based on reactive power regulation of photovoltaic inverters [J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(13):133-141.
[7] 李清然,张建成.含分布式光伏电源的配电网电压越限解决方案[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):117-123.LI Qingran,ZHANG Jiancheng.Solutions of voltage beyond limits in distribution network with distributed photovoltaic generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):117-123.
[8] 原凯,孙充勃,冀浩然,等.基于凸差规划的有源配电网电压无功协调控制方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2018,30(9):108-113,150.YUAN Kai,SUN Chongbo,JI Haoran,et al.Coordinated control method for voltage and reactive power of active distribution network based on difference-of-convex programming[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2018,30(9):108-113,150.
[9] 陈飞,刘东,陈云辉.主动配电网电压分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(9):61-67.CHEN Fei,LIU Dong,CHEN Yunhui.Hierarchically distributed voltage control strategy for active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):61-67.
[10] CHAI Y Y,GUO L,WANG C S,et al.Network partition and voltage coordination control for distribution networks with high penetration of distributed PV units [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(3):3396-3407.
[11] 肖浩,裴玮,董佐民,等.基于元模型全局最优化方法的含分布式电源配电网无功优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(19):5751-5762.XIAO Hao,PEI Wei,DONG Zuomin,et al.Reactive power optimization of distribution network with distributed generation using metamodel-based global optimization method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(19):5751-5762.
[12] 张玮亚,李永丽,孙广宇,等.基于静止同步补偿器的主动配电网分区电压控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1644-1656.ZHANG Weiya,LI Yongli,SUN Guangyu,et al.Zonal-voltage control for active distribution network based on distributed static synchronous compensator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1644-1656.
[13] 肖传亮,赵波,周金辉,等.配电网中基于网络分区的高比例分布式光伏集群电压控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(21):147-155.XIAO Chuanliang,ZHAO Bo,ZHOU Jinhui,et al.Network partition based cluster voltage control of high-penetration distributed photovoltaic systems in disribution networks[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(21):147-155.
[14] 周林,晁阳,廖波,等.低压网络中并网光伏逆变器调压策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(9):2427-2432.ZHOU Lin,CHAO Yang,LIAO Bo,et al.A voltage regulation strategy by grid-connected PV inverters in low-voltage networks[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(9):2427-2432.
[15] 任佳依,顾伟,王勇,等.基于模型预测控制的主动配电网多时间尺度有功无功协调调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(5):1397-1407.REN Jiayi,GU Wei,WANG Yong,et al.Multi-time scale active and reactive power coordinated optimal dispatch in active distribution network based on model predictive control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(5):1397-1407.
[16] Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE).Technical minimum requirements for the connection to and parallel operation with low-voltage distribution networks [S].Berlin:VDE Verlag GMBH,2011.
[17] 全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会.电能质量供电电压偏差:GB/T 12325—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[18] 陆凌芝,耿光飞,季玉琦,等.基于电气距离矩阵特征根分析的主动配电网电压控制分区方法[J].电力建设,2018,39(1):83-89.LU Lingzhi,GENG Guangfei,JI Yuqi,et al.Voltage control partition method of active distribution network based on electrical distance matrix eigenvalue analysis [J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(1):83-89.
[19] 李建芳,张璐,宋晓辉,等.含高渗透率分布式电源的配电网多目标无功分区及主导节点选择方法[J].可再生能源,2017,35(11):1664-1671.LI Jianfang,ZHANG Lu,SONG Xiaohui,et al.Multi-objective reactive power partitioning and pilot node selection of distribution network with high penetration of DGs[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2017,35(11):1664-1671.
[20] 于琳,孙莹,徐然,等.改进粒子群优化算法及其在电网无功分区中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(3):89-95,128.YU Lin,SUN Ying,XU Ran,et al.Improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application in reactive power partitioning of power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(3):89-95,128.