基于MaxEnt模型的黑颈鹤夜宿地生境适宜性分析——以云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区为例
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摘要
确定物种生境的潜在分布对于濒危物种的保护与管理有非常重要的意义,云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区是黑颈鹤的重要迁移地和越冬地,但是目前的黑颈鹤夜宿地生境分布较为破碎。本研究通过Arc GIS和MaxEnt模型,使用黑颈鹤夜宿分布点和环境特征变量预测了大山包保护区黑颈鹤夜宿地生境的分布,并进行了生境适宜性分析。结果表明:AUC=0.975表明模型的评价效果达到优秀水平,其中通过对黑颈鹤夜宿地生境的环境因子敏感性分析可知,主要环境因子是距水源地的距离(54.8%)、坡向(26.1%)和海拔(17.2%);保护区中部和南部的水库及周边地区是黑颈鹤的主要夜宿地分布区;保护区黑颈鹤夜宿地最适宜生境和较适宜生境面积为23.72 km2,占保护区总面积的12.35%,不适宜生境面积为68.28 km2。通过黑颈鹤夜宿地生境适宜性评价,为黑颈鹤的保护提供科学依据,同时需要对缓冲区和实验区的边界合理性给与更多的关注。
It is of great importantance to determine the potential distribution of species habitats for the protection and management of endangered species.Dashanbao Nature Reserve is a significant relocation site and wintering ground for black-necked cranes.However,the current habitat distribution of black-necked cranes is relatively fragmented.In this study,the nocturnal habitat distribution of black-necked crane in Dashanbao Nature Reserve is predicted by its nocturnal distribution points and environmental characteristic variables based on ArcGIS and MaxEnt models.An analysis of its habitat suitability is also conducted.The results show the following traits:AUC=0.975 indicates that the evaluation effect of the model has reached an excellent level;through a sensitivity analysis of the environmental factors of black-necked crane nocturnal habitat,the main environmental factors are found to be the distance from the water source area(54.8%),the aspect(26.1) and altitude(17.2%);the central,southern reservoirs and its surrounding areas are the main nocturnal habitats for black-necked cranes;the most suitable nocturnal habitat and comparably suitable habitat area for black-necked cranes is 23.72 km2,accounting for 12.35% of the total protected area,and the unsuitable habitat area is 68.28 km2.The evaluation of habitat suitability of black-necked crane nocturnal habitats provides a scientific basis for the protection of black-necked cranes.At the same time,more attention should be paid to the rationality of the boundaries between the buffer zone and the experimental zone.
It is of great importantance to determine the potential distribution of species habitats for the protection and management of endangered species.Dashanbao Nature Reserve is a significant relocation site and wintering ground for black-necked cranes.However,the current habitat distribution of black-necked cranes is relatively fragmented.In this study,the nocturnal habitat distribution of black-necked crane in Dashanbao Nature Reserve is predicted by its nocturnal distribution points and environmental characteristic variables based on ArcGIS and MaxEnt models.An analysis of its habitat suitability is also conducted.The results show the following traits:AUC=0.975 indicates that the evaluation effect of the model has reached an excellent level;through a sensitivity analysis of the environmental factors of black-necked crane nocturnal habitat,the main environmental factors are found to be the distance from the water source area(54.8%),the aspect(26.1) and altitude(17.2%);the central,southern reservoirs and its surrounding areas are the main nocturnal habitats for black-necked cranes;the most suitable nocturnal habitat and comparably suitable habitat area for black-necked cranes is 23.72 km2,accounting for 12.35% of the total protected area,and the unsuitable habitat area is 68.28 km2.The evaluation of habitat suitability of black-necked crane nocturnal habitats provides a scientific basis for the protection of black-necked cranes.At the same time,more attention should be paid to the rationality of the boundaries between the buffer zone and the experimental zone.
引文
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[24]闫瑞强,沈渭寿,赵卫,等.雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤生境适宜性及其保护状况动态变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(2):146-152.
[2]刘振生,高惠,滕丽微,等.基于MAXENT模型的贺兰山岩羊生境适宜性评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7243-7249.
[3]欧阳志云,刘建国,肖寒,等.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境评价[J].生态学报,2001,1(11):1869-1874.
[4]SCHADT S,REVILLA E,WIEGAND T,et al.Assessing the suitability of central European landscapes for the reintroduction of Eurasian lynx[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,39(2):189-203.
[5]徐卫华,欧阳志云,蒋泽银,等.大相岭山系大熊猫生境评价与保护对策研究[J].生物多样性,2006,14(3):223-231.
[6]徐卫华,欧阳志云,李宇,等.基于遥感和GIS的秦岭山系大熊猫生境评价[J].遥感技术与应用,2006,21(3):238-242.
[7]THUILLER W,BROTONS L,ARAúJO M B,et al.Effects of restricting environmental range of data to project current and future species distributions[J].Ecography,2004,27(2):165-172.
[8]王学志,徐卫华,欧阳志云,等.生态位因子分析在大熊猫生境评价中的应用[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):821-828.
[9]徐卫华,罗翀.MAXENT模型在秦岭川金丝猴生境评价中的应用[J].森林工程,2010,26(2):1-3.
[10]彭明春.云南大山包黑颈鹤自然保护区综合科学考察研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[11]孔德军,杨晓君,钟兴耀,等.云南大山包黑颈鹤日间越冬时间分配和活动节律[J].动物学研究,2008,29(2):195-202.
[12]高立波,钱法文,杨晓君,等.云南大山包越冬黑颈鹤迁徙路线的卫星跟踪[J].动物学研究,2007,28(4):353-361.
[13]吴承照,杨浩楠,张颖倩.行为分析方法与国家公园功能分区模式---以云南大山包国家公园为例[J].环境保护,2017(14):21-27.
[14]王宇.云南山地气候[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2006.
[15]刘路明,彭明春,王崇云,等.大山包黑颈鹤自然保护区景观动态分析[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(S1):363-368.
[16]刑丁亮,郝占庆.最大熵原理及其在生态学研究中的应用[J].生物多样性,2011,19(3):295-302.
[17]罗翀,徐卫华,周志翔,等.基于生态位模型的秦岭山系林麝生境预测[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1211-1229.
[18]李明阳,居云为,Kumar S,等.美国大陆外来入侵物种斑马纹贻贝(Dreissenapolymorp ha)潜在生境预测模型[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4253-4258.
[19]STACHURA-SKIERCZYNSKA K,TUMIEL T,SKIERCZY SKI M.Habitat prediction model for three-toed woodpecker and its implication for the conservation of biologically valuable forests[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2009,258(5):697-703.
[20]HAEGEMAN B,ETIENNE R S.Entropy maximization and the spatial distribution of species[J].The American Naturalist,2010,175(4):74-90.
[21]吴庆明,王磊,朱瑞萍,等.基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤营巢生境适宜性分析---以扎龙保护区为例[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3758-3764.
[22]DETTKI H,LFSTRAND R,EDENIUS L.Modeling habitat suitability for Moose in coastal northern Sweden:empirical Vs process-oriented approaches[J].Ambio,2003,32(8):549-556.
[23]李晓文,肖笃宁,胡远满.辽河三角洲滨海湿地景观规划各预案对指示物种生境适宜性的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):550-560.
[24]闫瑞强,沈渭寿,赵卫,等.雅鲁藏布江中游河谷黑颈鹤生境适宜性及其保护状况动态变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(2):146-152.