模拟氮沉降和增温对荒漠草原土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响
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摘要
为了解气候变化对荒漠草原土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响,在内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原采用人工施肥和远红外线辐射器加热法模拟增氮和增温实验,经过连续6 a的模拟实验后,运用稀释平板涂布法和16S rRNA分子鉴定技术,对实验地土壤可培养细菌的群落组成和多样性进行分析.结果表明:(1)从短花针茅荒漠草原0～30 cm土壤中共分离到10属14种的可培养细菌,分别隶属于厚壁菌门、变形菌门的γ-变形菌纲、放线菌门和拟杆菌门;(2)与不增氮不增温处理相比,增氮不增温和增氮增温处理均改变了可培养细菌的群落组成和优势菌的相对丰度,增氮不增温处理使优势菌XJ15(变形菌门的γ-变形菌纲)和XJ35(厚壁菌门)的相对丰度显著降低(P <0.05),增氮增温处理降低了优势菌XJ35的相对丰度,显著增加了XJ15的相对丰度(P <0.05),并使其成为优势种;(3)增氮不增温和增氮增温处理均对可培养细菌的菌落总数和多样性没有显著影响(P> 0.05).
In order to investigate the influence of climate changes on the bacterial community composition and diversity insoil of desert steppe,the nitrogen addition and warming experiments were conducted by the imitating methods of artificial fer-tilization and far-infrared radiator heating in the soil of Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. After the simulation ex-periments for six years, the composition and diversity of soil cultivable bacterial community were analyzed by the methods ofdilution plate and 16 S rRNA molecular identification techniques. The results showed that:(1) 14 species,10 bacterialgenera were isolated from 0-30 cm soil depth of desert steppe,which belonged to Firmicutes,Gammaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria,respectively.(2)Compared with N0 W0(no nitrogen addition and no warming),bothN1 W0(nitrogen addition and no warming)and N1 W1(nitrogen addition and warming)changed the community compositionand relative abundance of dominant bacteria. N1 W0 significantly decreased the relative abundance of the dominant speciesXJ15(Gammaproteobacteria)and XJ35(Firmicutes)(P<0.05). N1 W1 reduced the relative abundance of the dominantspecies XJ35 and increased the relative abundance of XJ15(P<0.05), which became the dominant species.(3)N1 W0 andN1 W1 did not significantly affect the total numbers of cultivable bacterial colony and diversity(P>0.05).
In order to investigate the influence of climate changes on the bacterial community composition and diversity insoil of desert steppe,the nitrogen addition and warming experiments were conducted by the imitating methods of artificial fer-tilization and far-infrared radiator heating in the soil of Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. After the simulation ex-periments for six years, the composition and diversity of soil cultivable bacterial community were analyzed by the methods ofdilution plate and 16 S rRNA molecular identification techniques. The results showed that:(1) 14 species,10 bacterialgenera were isolated from 0-30 cm soil depth of desert steppe,which belonged to Firmicutes,Gammaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria,respectively.(2)Compared with N0 W0(no nitrogen addition and no warming),bothN1 W0(nitrogen addition and no warming)and N1 W1(nitrogen addition and warming)changed the community compositionand relative abundance of dominant bacteria. N1 W0 significantly decreased the relative abundance of the dominant speciesXJ15(Gammaproteobacteria)and XJ35(Firmicutes)(P<0.05). N1 W1 reduced the relative abundance of the dominantspecies XJ35 and increased the relative abundance of XJ15(P<0.05), which became the dominant species.(3)N1 W0 andN1 W1 did not significantly affect the total numbers of cultivable bacterial colony and diversity(P>0.05).
引文
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[14]贾美清,黄静,孟元,等.增温和增氮对荒漠草原土壤可培养真菌群落结构和多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(7):1397-1407.JIA M Q,HUANG J,MENG Y,et al. Effect of warming and nitrogenaddition on the community composition and diversity of cultivable fungifrom the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]. Pratacultural Science,2017,34(7):1397-1407(in Chinese).
[15]东秀珠.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.DONG X Z. Handbook of Systematic Identification of Common Bacteria[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001(in Chinese)
[16] SARATHCHANDRA S U,GHANI A,YEATES G W,et al. Effect ofnitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on microbial and nematode diversityin pasture soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(7/8):953-964.
[17]施瑶,王忠强,张心昱,等.氮磷添加对内蒙古温带典型草原土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):4943-4949.SHI Y,WANG Z Q,ZHANG X Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen andphosphorus addition on soil microbial community composition intemper-ate typical grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(17):4943-4949(in Chinese).
[18]谭成玉.松嫩草原微生物活性对模拟增温及施氮的响应[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.TAN C Y. Microbial Activities Responses to Simulated Warming andNitrogen Application[M]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010(in Chinese).
[19] FREY S D,MELISSA K,JERI L P,et al. Chronic nitrogen enrichmentaffects the structure and function of the soil microbial community intemperate hardwood,pine forests[J]. Forest Ecol Manage,2004,196(1):159-171.
[20] CRAINE J M,MORROW C,FIERER N. Microbial nitrogen limitationincreases decomposition[J]. Ecology,2007,88(8):2105-2113.
[21]李元恒.内蒙古荒漠草原植物群落结构和功能对增温和氮素添加的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.LI Y H. Responses of Plant Community Structure and Function toWarming and Nitrogen Addition in a Desert Steppe of Inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2014(in Chinese).
[22]刘昭霞.氮添加后辽西北稀树灌草丛土壤细菌结构及其与土壤碳氮的关系[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.LIU Z X. After Nitrogen Addition Northwest Liaoning Steppe WoodlandStructure of Soil Bacteria and Its Relationship with Soil Carbon andNitrogen[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017(inChinese).
[23]隋心,张荣涛,杨立宾,等.模拟氮沉降对三江平原小叶章湿地土壤细菌多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):589-598.SUI X,ZHANG R T,YANG L B,et al. Effect of simulation nitrogendepositions on bacterial diversity of Deyeuxia angustifolia in wetland ofSanjiang Plain[J]. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(4):589-598(inChinese).
[24]杨山,李小彬,王汝振,等.氮水添加对中国北方草原土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):739-746.YANG S,LI X B,WANG R Z,et al. Effects of nitrogen and water ad-dition on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in temperategrasslands in northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):739-746(in Chinese).
[25] ZENG J,LIU X J,SONG L,et al. Nitrogen fertilization directly affectssoil bacterial diversity and indirectly affects bacterial community com-position[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,92:41-49.
[26] RINNAN R,MICHELSEN A,B魡魡TH E,et al. Fifteen years of climatechange manipulations alter soil microbial communities in a subarctichealth ecosystem[J]. Global Change Biology,2007,13(1):28-39.
[27]高金涛.模拟增温和氮沉降对中亚热带杉木人工林土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.GAO J T. Effects of Simulated Warming and Nitrogen Deposition onSoil Microbes and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Fir in Mid-Subtropical[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Normal University,2016(in Chinese).
[28] SHEN R C,XU M,CHI Y G,et al. Soil microbial responses to experi-mental warming and nitrogen addition in a temperate steppe of northernChina[J]. Pedosphere,2014,24(4):427-436.
[2] DENMAN K L. IPCC climate change 2007. The Physical Science Ba-sis:Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Reportof the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M]. Cambridge andNew York:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[3] PHOENIX G K,EMMETT B A,BRITTON A J,et al. Impacts of atmo-spheric nitrogen deposition:Responses of multiple plant and soil para-meters across contrasting ecosystems in long-term field experiments[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(4):1197-1215.
[4] JIA Y L,YU G R,HE N P,et al. Spatial and decadal variations in in-organic nitrogen wet deposition in China induced by human activity[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:doi:10.1038/srep03763.
[5]兰玉坤.内蒙古地区近50年气候变化特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007.LAN Y K. Study on Characteristics of Climate Changes in Inner Mongo-lia in Recent 50 Years[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences,2007(in Chinese).
[6] LIU X J,DUAN L,MO J M,et al. Nitrogen deposition and its ecologi-cal impact in China:An overview[J]. Environmental Pollution,2011,159(10):2251-2264.
[7] BARDGETT R D,FREEMAN C,OSTLE,N J. Microbial contribu-tions to climate change through carbon cycle feedbacks[J]. InternationalSociety for Microbial Ecology Journal,2008,2(8):805-814.
[8] YU M,ELLIS J E,EPSTEIN H E. Regional analysis of climate,primaryproduction,and livestock density in Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Envi-ronmental Quality,2004,33(5):1675-1681.
[9]王晨晨,王珍,张新杰,等.增温对荒漠草原植物群落组成及物种多样性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(1):43-49.WANG C C,WANG Z,ZHANG X J,et al. Effect of warming on plantcommunity composition and plant species diversity in the desert steppe[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(1):43-49(in Chinese).
[10]张宇.荒漠草原土壤特性对增温和施氮的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.ZHANG Y. The Response of Soil Properties to Experimental Warmingand Nitrogen Addition in Desert Steppe[D]. Huhhot:Inner MongoliaAgricultural University,2014(in Chinese).
[11]杨阳.模拟增温和氮素添加对内蒙古荒漠草原土壤呼吸的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.YANG Y. Effects of Stimulated Warming and Nitrogen Deposition onSoil Respiration in a Desert Steppe of Inner Mongolia[D]. Huhhot:InnerMongolia Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese).
[12]贾美清,黄静,孟元,等.内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原土壤可培养细菌的组成和空间分布[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(4):54-58.JIA M Q,HUANG J,MENG Y,et al. Composition and spatial distri-bution of cultivable soil bacteria in the Stipa breviflora desert steppe ofInner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Natural Sci-ence Edition),2017,37(4):54-58(in Chinese).
[13]贾美清,黄静,孟元,等.内蒙古荒漠草原土壤可培养真菌的群落结构和空间分布分析[J].草地学报,2017,25(2):315-321.JIA M Q,HUANG J,MENG Y,et al. Analysis of cultivable fungalcommunity structure and spatial distribution in desert steppe,InnerMongolia,China[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(2):315-321(inChinese).
[14]贾美清,黄静,孟元,等.增温和增氮对荒漠草原土壤可培养真菌群落结构和多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(7):1397-1407.JIA M Q,HUANG J,MENG Y,et al. Effect of warming and nitrogenaddition on the community composition and diversity of cultivable fungifrom the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]. Pratacultural Science,2017,34(7):1397-1407(in Chinese).
[15]东秀珠.常见细菌系统鉴定手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.DONG X Z. Handbook of Systematic Identification of Common Bacteria[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001(in Chinese)
[16] SARATHCHANDRA S U,GHANI A,YEATES G W,et al. Effect ofnitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on microbial and nematode diversityin pasture soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(7/8):953-964.
[17]施瑶,王忠强,张心昱,等.氮磷添加对内蒙古温带典型草原土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):4943-4949.SHI Y,WANG Z Q,ZHANG X Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen andphosphorus addition on soil microbial community composition intemper-ate typical grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(17):4943-4949(in Chinese).
[18]谭成玉.松嫩草原微生物活性对模拟增温及施氮的响应[D].长春:东北师范大学,2010.TAN C Y. Microbial Activities Responses to Simulated Warming andNitrogen Application[M]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2010(in Chinese).
[19] FREY S D,MELISSA K,JERI L P,et al. Chronic nitrogen enrichmentaffects the structure and function of the soil microbial community intemperate hardwood,pine forests[J]. Forest Ecol Manage,2004,196(1):159-171.
[20] CRAINE J M,MORROW C,FIERER N. Microbial nitrogen limitationincreases decomposition[J]. Ecology,2007,88(8):2105-2113.
[21]李元恒.内蒙古荒漠草原植物群落结构和功能对增温和氮素添加的响应[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.LI Y H. Responses of Plant Community Structure and Function toWarming and Nitrogen Addition in a Desert Steppe of Inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2014(in Chinese).
[22]刘昭霞.氮添加后辽西北稀树灌草丛土壤细菌结构及其与土壤碳氮的关系[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.LIU Z X. After Nitrogen Addition Northwest Liaoning Steppe WoodlandStructure of Soil Bacteria and Its Relationship with Soil Carbon andNitrogen[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017(inChinese).
[23]隋心,张荣涛,杨立宾,等.模拟氮沉降对三江平原小叶章湿地土壤细菌多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):589-598.SUI X,ZHANG R T,YANG L B,et al. Effect of simulation nitrogendepositions on bacterial diversity of Deyeuxia angustifolia in wetland ofSanjiang Plain[J]. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(4):589-598(inChinese).
[24]杨山,李小彬,王汝振,等.氮水添加对中国北方草原土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):739-746.YANG S,LI X B,WANG R Z,et al. Effects of nitrogen and water ad-dition on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in temperategrasslands in northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):739-746(in Chinese).
[25] ZENG J,LIU X J,SONG L,et al. Nitrogen fertilization directly affectssoil bacterial diversity and indirectly affects bacterial community com-position[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,92:41-49.
[26] RINNAN R,MICHELSEN A,B魡魡TH E,et al. Fifteen years of climatechange manipulations alter soil microbial communities in a subarctichealth ecosystem[J]. Global Change Biology,2007,13(1):28-39.
[27]高金涛.模拟增温和氮沉降对中亚热带杉木人工林土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.GAO J T. Effects of Simulated Warming and Nitrogen Deposition onSoil Microbes and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Fir in Mid-Subtropical[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Normal University,2016(in Chinese).
[28] SHEN R C,XU M,CHI Y G,et al. Soil microbial responses to experi-mental warming and nitrogen addition in a temperate steppe of northernChina[J]. Pedosphere,2014,24(4):427-436.