发酵白术对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化免疫指标的影响
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摘要
试验将发酵白术作为添加剂以0.1%,0.2%,0.3%三个梯度添加于基础日粮中,与添加0.2%未发酵白术组,添加抗生素组以及基础日粮组对照,研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能影响。结果表明,1生长性能:与对照组相比,日粮中添加发酵白术饲料添加剂能增强断奶仔猪食欲,提高断奶仔猪采食量和日增重,降低断奶仔猪腹泻率。与添加抗生素组相比,添加发酵白术组在采食量、日增重方面优于抗生素组。与添加未发酵白术组相比,添加发酵白术组断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率要优于未发酵白术组。2免疫功能:在试验前期(1~14 d),0.2%发酵白术组能够显著提高断奶仔猪血清中IgA、IgG、IgM及总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在试验全期(1~28 d),0.2%发酵白术组IgA、IgG和IgM含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照组和未发酵组,0.2%和0.3%发酵白术可以显著提高血清中总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量,0.2%发酵白术组可显著降低血清中尿素氮(BUN)及ALT含量,0.3%发酵白术组AST含量显著降低。综合试验各项指标,断奶仔猪饲粮中发酵白术最适宜添加量为0.2%。
This experimenthas reseached that whether the fermented Atractylodes, added to basal diet with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%, has influence to the growth of the weaned piglets, though compared with 0.20% unfermented Atractylodes group, antibiotics group and basal diet groupwith the single factor design. The results showed that: 1 The growth performance: compared with the control group, the basal diet with fermented Atractylodes could enhanc the appetite of weaned piglets, and improve the feed intake, daily gain and reduce diarrhea rates. compared with the antibiotics group, the fermented Atractylodes was better than it in feed intake, daily gain respect. compared with theunfermented Atractylodes group, the fermented Atractylodes group was better on the growth and diarrhea rate. 2 The immune function: At the early stage of the experiment(1-14 d), 0.2% fermented Atractylodes group can significantly improve contents of IgA, IgG, IgM andthe total protein in serum(TP) and albumin(ALB)(P<0.05) in the weaned piglets serum, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase(AST) levels have a downward trend, but no significant difference(P>0.05);In the whole test period(1-28 d), the content of IgA, IgG and IgM among 0.2% fermented Atractylodesgroup is significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the comparing group and unfermented group.added0.2% and 0.3% fermented atractylodes can significantly improve the total protein in serum(TP) and albumin(ALB) content,and added 0.2% fermented Atractylodes can significantly reduce the content of serum urea nitrogen(BUN) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT). and 0.3% fermented Atractylodes group AST content is significantly reduced. Integrated the test indicators, the optimumadding amount weaned piglets fodder in the fermentation of Atractylodes 0.2%.It is concluded that 0.2%fermented Atractylodes in diets for piglets is the best.
This experimenthas reseached that whether the fermented Atractylodes, added to basal diet with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%, has influence to the growth of the weaned piglets, though compared with 0.20% unfermented Atractylodes group, antibiotics group and basal diet groupwith the single factor design. The results showed that: 1 The growth performance: compared with the control group, the basal diet with fermented Atractylodes could enhanc the appetite of weaned piglets, and improve the feed intake, daily gain and reduce diarrhea rates. compared with the antibiotics group, the fermented Atractylodes was better than it in feed intake, daily gain respect. compared with theunfermented Atractylodes group, the fermented Atractylodes group was better on the growth and diarrhea rate. 2 The immune function: At the early stage of the experiment(1-14 d), 0.2% fermented Atractylodes group can significantly improve contents of IgA, IgG, IgM andthe total protein in serum(TP) and albumin(ALB)(P<0.05) in the weaned piglets serum, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase(AST) levels have a downward trend, but no significant difference(P>0.05);In the whole test period(1-28 d), the content of IgA, IgG and IgM among 0.2% fermented Atractylodesgroup is significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the comparing group and unfermented group.added0.2% and 0.3% fermented atractylodes can significantly improve the total protein in serum(TP) and albumin(ALB) content,and added 0.2% fermented Atractylodes can significantly reduce the content of serum urea nitrogen(BUN) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT). and 0.3% fermented Atractylodes group AST content is significantly reduced. Integrated the test indicators, the optimumadding amount weaned piglets fodder in the fermentation of Atractylodes 0.2%.It is concluded that 0.2%fermented Atractylodes in diets for piglets is the best.
引文
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[11]胡晓蕾,胡迎利,汪以真.白术及白术粗多糖对SD大鼠生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽药杂志,2006,40(1):2-6.
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[13]杨俊琦.枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].猪业科学,2012,42(6):42-43.
[14]刘惠,李丽立.中草药复合粗多糖对断奶仔猪肠道消化生理影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007:6-10.
[15]李继昌,于文会,张秀英,等.乌连止泻颗粒剂中挥发油提取和包合工艺研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(12):86-90.
[16]谢红兵.复方中草药免疫增强剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2004:30-31.
[17]胡晓蕾,胡迎利,汪以真.白术及白术多糖对SD大鼠生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽药杂志,2006,40(1):2-6.
[18]彭新国,邱世翠,李彩玉,等.白术对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(5):396-397.
[19]宋海英,蒋桂,邱世翠,等.白术对抗体形成细胞的作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2004,15(9):565-566.
[20]蔡玉梅,吴绍强.金鸡散对鸡新成疫免疫的辅助效果研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2001,32(1):29-32.
[22]李玉,陈亮,孟庆娟,等.复方中药制剂对仔猪生长性能及免疫机能的影响[J].动物营养与饲料科学,2001,38(10):9-13.
[22]文贵辉,李丽立,张彬,等.白术及白术多糖在动物生产中的研究应用[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2008,14(4):52-55.
[23]张继东,王志祥.中草药多糖的免疫调节机制及其应用[J].饲料工业,2006,27(6):1-4.
[24]高士争,葛长荣,田允波,等.中草药添加剂对生长肥育猪血液生理生化指标的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(2):164-169.
[25]欧阳五庆.动物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[26]李香子,张敏,严昌国,等.新型猪用绿色饲料添加剂的开发与应用——对血液生化指标的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,2003,25(4):287-291.
[27]田允波,周家容,李琦华,等.白术多糖对仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响[J].营养饲料,2009,45(9):45-48.
[28]Song K,Shan A S,Li J P.Effect of different combinations ofenzyme preparation supplemented to wheat based diets on growthand serum biochemical values of broiler chickens[J].Acta Zoo-nutrimentaSinica,2004(4):25-29.
[29]Bogin,Peh H.C,Avidar Y,et al.Sex and genotype dependenceonthe effects of long term high environmental temperaturesoncellular enzyme activities from chicken organs[J].Avian Pathol,1997,26:511-524.
[30]Borg B S.Effect of tryptophan supplementation of a low protein-corn-sunflower meal diet for young growing pigs[J].Anim Sci,1985,61(1):300.
[31]Malmolf K.Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism,parti-tion and consequences of imbalance[J].Swedish Journal of Agri-culture Research,1988(4):191-193.
[32]Eggum R O.Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessingprotein quality[J].Nutr,1970,24:983-989.
[33]Brown J A,Clinc T R.Urea excretion in pigs:an indicator ofquality an anima acid requirements[J].Nutr,1974,104:542-553.
[2]杨光玲,吴梅艳,高洪斌,等.对大肠杆菌病的药敏试验报告[J].山东家禽,2001(1):10-11.
[3]邹云,任芬芬,贺建华,等.不同条件下添加牛膝多糖对断奶仔猪肠道吸收功能的影响[J].湖南畜牧兽医,2012(4):5-7.
[4]侯伟革.黄茂多糖和黄芬甙对断奶仔猪生产性能、血液指标和免疫机能影响的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2006,6.
[5]王林,王玉红,章克昌.灵芝中药发酵液对慢性支气管炎疗效的研究[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(5):39-41.
[6]戴万生,赵荣华.发酵法对大黄蒽醌类成分含量的影响[J].云南中医中药杂志,2005,26(1):38-39.
[7]李国红,沈月毛,王启方,等.发酵三七中的皂苷成分研究[J].中草药,2005,36(4):499-500.
[8]彭慧珍.白术粗多糖对断奶仔猪生长与免疫性能影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2006:6-10.
[9]林文卫,陈迪华,高微微,等.中草药提取物的抑菌试验[J].中国饲料,1999,12(12):12.
[10]刁新平,武洪志.发酵茯苓添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(6):8-11.
[11]胡晓蕾,胡迎利,汪以真.白术及白术粗多糖对SD大鼠生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽药杂志,2006,40(1):2-6.
[12]赵燕飞,汪以真,王静华.白术、微米白术及白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(13):56-59.
[13]杨俊琦.枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].猪业科学,2012,42(6):42-43.
[14]刘惠,李丽立.中草药复合粗多糖对断奶仔猪肠道消化生理影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007:6-10.
[15]李继昌,于文会,张秀英,等.乌连止泻颗粒剂中挥发油提取和包合工艺研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(12):86-90.
[16]谢红兵.复方中草药免疫增强剂对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2004:30-31.
[17]胡晓蕾,胡迎利,汪以真.白术及白术多糖对SD大鼠生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽药杂志,2006,40(1):2-6.
[18]彭新国,邱世翠,李彩玉,等.白术对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(5):396-397.
[19]宋海英,蒋桂,邱世翠,等.白术对抗体形成细胞的作用研究[J].时珍国医国药,2004,15(9):565-566.
[20]蔡玉梅,吴绍强.金鸡散对鸡新成疫免疫的辅助效果研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2001,32(1):29-32.
[22]李玉,陈亮,孟庆娟,等.复方中药制剂对仔猪生长性能及免疫机能的影响[J].动物营养与饲料科学,2001,38(10):9-13.
[22]文贵辉,李丽立,张彬,等.白术及白术多糖在动物生产中的研究应用[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2008,14(4):52-55.
[23]张继东,王志祥.中草药多糖的免疫调节机制及其应用[J].饲料工业,2006,27(6):1-4.
[24]高士争,葛长荣,田允波,等.中草药添加剂对生长肥育猪血液生理生化指标的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(2):164-169.
[25]欧阳五庆.动物生理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[26]李香子,张敏,严昌国,等.新型猪用绿色饲料添加剂的开发与应用——对血液生化指标的影响[J].延边大学农学学报,2003,25(4):287-291.
[27]田允波,周家容,李琦华,等.白术多糖对仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响[J].营养饲料,2009,45(9):45-48.
[28]Song K,Shan A S,Li J P.Effect of different combinations ofenzyme preparation supplemented to wheat based diets on growthand serum biochemical values of broiler chickens[J].Acta Zoo-nutrimentaSinica,2004(4):25-29.
[29]Bogin,Peh H.C,Avidar Y,et al.Sex and genotype dependenceonthe effects of long term high environmental temperaturesoncellular enzyme activities from chicken organs[J].Avian Pathol,1997,26:511-524.
[30]Borg B S.Effect of tryptophan supplementation of a low protein-corn-sunflower meal diet for young growing pigs[J].Anim Sci,1985,61(1):300.
[31]Malmolf K.Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism,parti-tion and consequences of imbalance[J].Swedish Journal of Agri-culture Research,1988(4):191-193.
[32]Eggum R O.Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessingprotein quality[J].Nutr,1970,24:983-989.
[33]Brown J A,Clinc T R.Urea excretion in pigs:an indicator ofquality an anima acid requirements[J].Nutr,1974,104:542-553.