基于经验模态分解方法和信息熵的水沙关系研究
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摘要
为研究黄河中游水沙关系及其细部演化特征,利用黄河中游控制性水文站——潼关水文站1919—2015年实测径流量和输沙量资料作为研究数据,采用经验模态分解方法分析径流和泥沙随机变化的复杂性,并运用信息熵理论计算不同时间尺度上径流和泥沙分解序列及原始序列的熵值、径流与泥沙各分量与其原始序列之间的互信息、径流与泥沙之间的互信息。结果表明:潼关水文站径流量与输沙量变化具有显著下降的趋势;径流量和输沙量在一定程度上表现为某种同步变化关系;径流量与输沙量的长周期分量及趋势项互信息较大,因此水沙关系宜采用长周期研究,趋势项分量数据信息阐述原始序列数据信息比较可靠。
In order to study the relationship between water and sediment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its detailed evolution characteristics, the empirical mode decomposition method was used to analyze the complexity of random variation of runoff and sediment load based on the measured runoff and sediment discharge data from 1919 to 2015 at Tongguan Hydrological Station, a controlling hydrological station in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The information entropy theory was used to calculate the entropy values of the decomposition sequence and original sequence of runoff and sediment load at different time scales. The mutual information entropy values between runoff and sediment sequences and between their decomposition sequences and original sequences were calculated too. The results show that the change of runoff and sediment load at Tongguan Hydrological Station has a significant downward trend. The relationship between runoff and sediment load is synchronous to some extent. The long-period components and residual components of runoff and sediment load have great mutual information, so studies of the relationship between water and sediment should be focused on their long-period scales. The original data information can be described by the residual components reliably.
In order to study the relationship between water and sediment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its detailed evolution characteristics, the empirical mode decomposition method was used to analyze the complexity of random variation of runoff and sediment load based on the measured runoff and sediment discharge data from 1919 to 2015 at Tongguan Hydrological Station, a controlling hydrological station in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The information entropy theory was used to calculate the entropy values of the decomposition sequence and original sequence of runoff and sediment load at different time scales. The mutual information entropy values between runoff and sediment sequences and between their decomposition sequences and original sequences were calculated too. The results show that the change of runoff and sediment load at Tongguan Hydrological Station has a significant downward trend. The relationship between runoff and sediment load is synchronous to some extent. The long-period components and residual components of runoff and sediment load have great mutual information, so studies of the relationship between water and sediment should be focused on their long-period scales. The original data information can be described by the residual components reliably.
引文
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[16] 刘树春,潘紫微,宋淼.第二代小波在振动信号去噪中新方法的研究[J].机械传动,2008(3):64-66.(LIU Shuchun,PAN Ziwei,SONG Miao.Study on the new demising method of vibrating signal with second generation wavelets transform[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2008(3):64-66.(in Chinese))
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[18] 张祥,辛红侠,侯光,等.潼关水文站近十年水沙情势分析[J].东北水利水电,2017,35(8):52-53.(ZHANG Xiang,XIN Hongxia,HOU Guang,et al.Analysis of water and sediment situation in Tongguan Hydrological Station in the last ten years[J].Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China,2017,35(8):52-53.(in Chinese))
[2] 方怒放.小流域降雨-径流-产沙关系及水土保持措施响应[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[3] 吴敬东,李永贵.石灰岩小流域坡面不同治理措施降雨径流泥沙关系研究[J].北京水利,1998(6):15-18.(WU Jindong,LI Yonggui.Study on relation of rainfall,runoff and sediment for different treatment measures on slope in limestone small watershed[J].Beijing Water Resources,1998(6):15-18.(in Chinese))
[4] 许军才,任青文,黄临平.基于变分模态分解的探地雷达信号分析方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):545-550.(XU Juncai,REN Qingwen,HUANG Linping.Ground penetrating radar signal analysis method based on variational modal decomposition[J].Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences),2018,46(6):545-550.(in Chinese))
[5] HUANG N E,SHEN Z,LONG S R,et al.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1998,454(1971):903-995.
[6] 冯平,丁志宏,韩瑞光,等.基于EMD的降雨径流神经网络预测模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2009,29(1):152-158.(FENG Ping,DING Zhihong,HAN Ruiguang,et al.Precipitation-runoff forecasting ANN model based on EMD[J].Systems Engineering Theory & Practice,2009,29(1):152-158.(in Chinese))
[7] HAN J,BANN M V D.Empirical mode decomposition for seismic time-frequency analysis[J].Geophysics,2013,78(2):9-19.
[8] HUANG N E,WUM L C,LONG S R,et al.A confidence limit for the empirical mode decomposition and hilbert spectral analysis[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,2003,459(2037):2317-2345.
[9] SHANNON C E.A mathematical theory of communication[J].The Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3),379-423.
[10] 王富强,赵乃立,袁建平,等.基于信息熵原理的东北地区参考作物蒸散量时空特征分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2016,36(4):6-12.(WANG Fuqiang,ZHAO Naili,YUAN Jianping,et al.Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Northeast China based on information entropy theory[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2016,36(4):6-12.(in Chinese))
[11] 孙斌,刘静玲,孟博,等.北京市凉水河物理栖息地完整性评价[J].水资源保护,2017,33(6):20-26.(SUN Bin,LIU Jingling,MENG Bo,et al.Evaluation of physical habitat integrity of Liangshui River in Beijing[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(6):20-26.(in Chinese))
[12] 朱晓熠,刘咏梅.基于信息熵的南京市土地利用结构分析[J].安徽农学通报,2010,16(15):16-18.(ZHU Xiaoyi,LIU Yongmei.Analysis of land use structure of Nanjing based on information entropy[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,16(15):16-18.(in Chinese))
[13] 王金东,代梅,杜永军,等.基于EMD和信息熵的往复压缩机气阀故障特征提取[J].压缩机技术,2013(4):37-39.(WANG Jindong,DAI Mei,DU Yongjun,et al.Fault feature extraction from reciprocating compressor valve based on EMD and information entropy[J].Compressor Technology,2013(4):37-39.(in Chinese))
[14] PROTOPOPESCU V A,GALY A R.Empirical mode decomposition technique with conditional mutual information for denoising operational sensor data[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2011,11(10):2565-2575.
[15] 魏建香,孙越泓,朱云霞,等.一种基于互信息的药品不良反应信号检测方法[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(6):705-712.(WEI Jianxiang,SUN Yuehong,ZHU Yunxia,et al.A method for signal detection of adverse drug reactions based on mutual information[J].Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences),2010,46(6):705-712.(in Chinese))
[16] 刘树春,潘紫微,宋淼.第二代小波在振动信号去噪中新方法的研究[J].机械传动,2008(3):64-66.(LIU Shuchun,PAN Ziwei,SONG Miao.Study on the new demising method of vibrating signal with second generation wavelets transform[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2008(3):64-66.(in Chinese))
[17] 宋逸云,黄峰.衢江江水沙变化趋势分析[J].水资源保护,2017,33(4):40-46.(SONG Yiyun,HUANG Feng.Trend analysis of runoff and sediment load variation in Qujiang River[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(4):40-46.(in Chinese))
[18] 张祥,辛红侠,侯光,等.潼关水文站近十年水沙情势分析[J].东北水利水电,2017,35(8):52-53.(ZHANG Xiang,XIN Hongxia,HOU Guang,et al.Analysis of water and sediment situation in Tongguan Hydrological Station in the last ten years[J].Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China,2017,35(8):52-53.(in Chinese))