水溶性灵芝粉的制备及其免疫调节活性评价
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摘要
目的对自制的水溶性灵芝粉的主要营养成分进行分析,并对其免疫调节活性进行评价。方法以椴木赤灵芝为原料,经过热水浸提、高速离心分离、旋转蒸发浓缩和冷冻干燥等工序制备水溶性灵芝粉;采用国标方法测定该灵芝粉的粗多糖、还原糖、总黄酮、灵芝三萜等营养成分;参照保健食品检验与评价技术规范(2003版)中的方法评价该灵芝粉的免疫调节活性。结果水溶性灵芝粉的粗多糖、灵芝三萜、总黄酮、还原糖、可溶性蛋白的质量分数分别为36.6、24.8、17.7、9.2、2.4 g/100 g;动物试验结果表明,与对照组比较,中(10 mg/kg)、高(20 mg/kg)剂量组均显著提高小鼠的吞噬能力、NK细胞的杀伤活性、脾淋巴细胞转化、血清溶血素含量、小鼠足跖厚度,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);与对照组比较,各剂量组对小鼠脏器指数的影响差异无统计学意义。结论该灵芝粉粗多糖和灵芝三萜质量分数较高,且具有较好的免疫调节活性。
Objective To analyze the main components of self-made water-soluble G. lucidum powder and evaluate its immunomodulatory activity. Methods Ganoderma lucidum was used as the raw material,and the water-soluble G. lucidum powder was prepared through hot water extraction, high-speed centrifugation,rotary evaporation,and freeze-drying. The crude polysaccharide,reducing sugar and total flavonoids of G.lucidum powder were determined by national standard method,and the method of the health food inspection and evaluation technical specifications( 2003 version) was used to evaluate the immune regulatory activity of G. lucidum powder. Results The results of physical and chemical analysis showed that the contents of crude polysaccharide, triterpenoids, total flavonoids, reducing sugars, and soluble protein of the watersoluble G. lucidum powder were 36. 6, 24. 8, 17. 7, 9. 2, 2. 4 g/100 g, respectively. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group,medium( 10 mg/kg) and high dose( 20 mg/kg)significantly increased the phagocytic capacity of mice, killing activity of NK cells, spleen lymphocyte transformation, serum hemolysin content, and mouse paw thickness, the difference was statistically significant( P< 0.01). Compared with the control group,the organ index was improved,but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The water-soluble G. lucidum powder polysaccharide and the Ganoderma lucidum triterpene have higher quality,and it has good immunoregulatory activity.
Objective To analyze the main components of self-made water-soluble G. lucidum powder and evaluate its immunomodulatory activity. Methods Ganoderma lucidum was used as the raw material,and the water-soluble G. lucidum powder was prepared through hot water extraction, high-speed centrifugation,rotary evaporation,and freeze-drying. The crude polysaccharide,reducing sugar and total flavonoids of G.lucidum powder were determined by national standard method,and the method of the health food inspection and evaluation technical specifications( 2003 version) was used to evaluate the immune regulatory activity of G. lucidum powder. Results The results of physical and chemical analysis showed that the contents of crude polysaccharide, triterpenoids, total flavonoids, reducing sugars, and soluble protein of the watersoluble G. lucidum powder were 36. 6, 24. 8, 17. 7, 9. 2, 2. 4 g/100 g, respectively. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the control group,medium( 10 mg/kg) and high dose( 20 mg/kg)significantly increased the phagocytic capacity of mice, killing activity of NK cells, spleen lymphocyte transformation, serum hemolysin content, and mouse paw thickness, the difference was statistically significant( P< 0.01). Compared with the control group,the organ index was improved,but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The water-soluble G. lucidum powder polysaccharide and the Ganoderma lucidum triterpene have higher quality,and it has good immunoregulatory activity.
引文
[1]张瑞婷,周涛,宋潇潇,等.灵芝活性成分及其药理作用的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2018(3):18-19.
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[6]刘莉莹,王洪庆,刘超,等.树灵芝中三萜类成分及其保肝作用研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2017(4):584-589.
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[9]熊川,陈诚,陈祖琴,等.白肉灵芝水提物促进PC-12细胞分化作用研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2016,28(7):1135-1138.
[10]冯娜,张劲松,唐传红,等.不同生育期灵芝子实体水提物与其免疫活性[J].食用菌学报,2010,17(4):52-57.
[11]牟建楼,亚琼,马艳莉,等.灵芝水提物及其抗氧化性研究[J].食品科技,2015,40(11):176-181.
[12]张智,胡惠萍,焦春伟,等.四株野生灵芝水提物抑制不同肿瘤细胞生长的效果比较[J].食用菌学报,2012,19(4):83-86.
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[14]MATSUZAKI H,SHIMIZU Y,IWATA N,et al.Antidepressantlike effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia in rats[J].BMC CAM,2013,13(1):1-8.
[15]许海林,吴小勇,聂少平,等.黑木耳多糖提取工艺优化及其对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(10):100-104.
[16]闫梅霞,张瑞,许世泉,等.松杉灵芝三萜酸含量测定[J].特产研究,2017,39(2):47-49.
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[19]邓丽莉,潘晓倩,生吉萍,等.考马斯亮蓝法测定苹果组织微量可溶性蛋白含量的条件优化[J].食品科学,2012,33(24):185-189.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.保健食品检验与评价技术规范[R].北京:中国出版社,2003.
[21]郭雯,王英军,姜秀莲,等.赤灵芝提取物对小鼠免疫功能系统的影响[J].中国老年学,2009,29(20):2636-2638.
[22]LI Qizhang,WANG Xuefei,CHEN Yiyuan,et al.Cytokines expression Induced by ganoderma sinensis,fungal immunomodulatory proteins(FIP-gsi)in mouse spleen cells[J].Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2010,162(5):1403-1413.
[23]许燕,胡明慧,高蓓蓉,等.灵芝真菌免疫调节蛋白在体外对不同胃癌细胞的抑制作用[J].药学实践杂志,2016,34(3):223-226.
[24]YEH Chenhao,CHEN Hsiaochin,YANG Jengje,et al.Polysaccharides PS-G and Protein LZ-8 from Reishi(Ganoderma lucidum)exhibit diverse functions in regulating murine macrophages and T lymphocytes[J].J Agric Food Chem,2010,58(15):8535-8544.
[25]ZHANG Shenshen,NIE Shaoping,HUANG Danfei,et al.Polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum evokes antitumor activity via Toll-like receptor 4-mediated NF-κB and mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling pathways.[J].J Agric Food Chem,2013,61(15):3676-3682.
[26]帅小雪.基于甘露糖受体的黑灵芝多糖免疫调节作用及机制研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[27]丁晖,蔡彦宁,温玫,等.基因芯片检测灵芝提取物对白细胞中免疫相关基因表达的影响[J].中国组织工程研究,2007,11(33):6594-6596.
[2]戴玉成,曹云,周丽伟,等.中国灵芝学名之管见[J].菌物学报,2013,32(6):947-952.
[3]李田田,黄梓芮,潘雨阳,等.树舌灵芝化学成分分析及其多糖、三萜组分的抗氧化活性[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(19):63-66.
[4]刘甲爽.灵芝多糖对运动员运动训练效果及免疫功能影响研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版),2016,45(1):71-75.
[5]陈玉胜,陈全战.灵芝多糖对CCl4诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠的抗炎和保肝活性[J].食品科学,2017,38(17):210-215.
[6]刘莉莹,王洪庆,刘超,等.树灵芝中三萜类成分及其保肝作用研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2017(4):584-589.
[7]熊小文,李晔,李鹏,等.赤芝子实体的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性[J].中国医院药学杂志,2015,35(21):1902-1906.
[8]张华斌.灵芝多糖抗肿瘤免疫机制的研究进展[J].医学综述,2016,22(2):259-262.
[9]熊川,陈诚,陈祖琴,等.白肉灵芝水提物促进PC-12细胞分化作用研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2016,28(7):1135-1138.
[10]冯娜,张劲松,唐传红,等.不同生育期灵芝子实体水提物与其免疫活性[J].食用菌学报,2010,17(4):52-57.
[11]牟建楼,亚琼,马艳莉,等.灵芝水提物及其抗氧化性研究[J].食品科技,2015,40(11):176-181.
[12]张智,胡惠萍,焦春伟,等.四株野生灵芝水提物抑制不同肿瘤细胞生长的效果比较[J].食用菌学报,2012,19(4):83-86.
[13]NA Kun,LI Kang,SANG Tingting,et al.Anticarcinogenic effects of water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo[J].Int J Oncol,2017,50(5):1541-1554.
[14]MATSUZAKI H,SHIMIZU Y,IWATA N,et al.Antidepressantlike effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia in rats[J].BMC CAM,2013,13(1):1-8.
[15]许海林,吴小勇,聂少平,等.黑木耳多糖提取工艺优化及其对小鼠巨噬细胞功能的影响[J].食品科学,2016,37(10):100-104.
[16]闫梅霞,张瑞,许世泉,等.松杉灵芝三萜酸含量测定[J].特产研究,2017,39(2):47-49.
[17]蜂胶中总黄酮含量的测定方法分光光度比色法:GB/T20574—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[18]食品中还原糖的测定:GB/T 5009.7—2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[19]邓丽莉,潘晓倩,生吉萍,等.考马斯亮蓝法测定苹果组织微量可溶性蛋白含量的条件优化[J].食品科学,2012,33(24):185-189.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.保健食品检验与评价技术规范[R].北京:中国出版社,2003.
[21]郭雯,王英军,姜秀莲,等.赤灵芝提取物对小鼠免疫功能系统的影响[J].中国老年学,2009,29(20):2636-2638.
[22]LI Qizhang,WANG Xuefei,CHEN Yiyuan,et al.Cytokines expression Induced by ganoderma sinensis,fungal immunomodulatory proteins(FIP-gsi)in mouse spleen cells[J].Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2010,162(5):1403-1413.
[23]许燕,胡明慧,高蓓蓉,等.灵芝真菌免疫调节蛋白在体外对不同胃癌细胞的抑制作用[J].药学实践杂志,2016,34(3):223-226.
[24]YEH Chenhao,CHEN Hsiaochin,YANG Jengje,et al.Polysaccharides PS-G and Protein LZ-8 from Reishi(Ganoderma lucidum)exhibit diverse functions in regulating murine macrophages and T lymphocytes[J].J Agric Food Chem,2010,58(15):8535-8544.
[25]ZHANG Shenshen,NIE Shaoping,HUANG Danfei,et al.Polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum evokes antitumor activity via Toll-like receptor 4-mediated NF-κB and mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling pathways.[J].J Agric Food Chem,2013,61(15):3676-3682.
[26]帅小雪.基于甘露糖受体的黑灵芝多糖免疫调节作用及机制研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[27]丁晖,蔡彦宁,温玫,等.基因芯片检测灵芝提取物对白细胞中免疫相关基因表达的影响[J].中国组织工程研究,2007,11(33):6594-6596.