不依赖于边界元件的架空型多端柔直电网就地测距式接地保护原理
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摘要
针对VSC-MTDC线路上发生的接地故障,目前常用的故障处理方法缺乏选择性,容易发生重合于永久性故障、全网停运等问题,而现有HVDC线路保护、边界保护、通道型保护应用于无明显边界元件的远距离VSCMTDC时适应性不足。为解决上述问题,该文首先提出能够严格保障换流器的连续运行的前置数字滤波器整定方法,进而结合突变量方向启动判据和基于数学形态学的零–线模时差识别算法,形成一套能够不依赖于边界元件及双端通信的就地测距式单端量保护新原理。仿真结果表明,所提出的保护原理拥有良好的速动性及接近线路全长的保护范围,且在死区故障、高阻故障等不利工况下依然具有良好的动作性能。
Conventional methodologies are lack of selectivity coping with the single-pole to ground fault for VSC-MTDC. The whole system should be blocked if re-start under permanent fault conditions. Moreover, existing transmission line protections for HVDC, the boundary component based protections, and communication-based schemes face difficulty in adaptively for long distance DC transmission lines. To solve this problem, a setting method of the pre-set filter was firstly proposed in this paper under the constraint of continuous operation of converters. Secondly, a novel single-ended protection scheme on the basis of fault location was put forward. The proposed protection is based on the superimposed-component directional criterion, as well as the travelling wave time difference that detected by the mathematical morphology. The proposed protection scheme can work independent of the boundary component. According to the simulation results, the proposed method has enough protection range and satisfied operation speed, even under such severe conditions as the blind zone fault and high-resistance fault.
Conventional methodologies are lack of selectivity coping with the single-pole to ground fault for VSC-MTDC. The whole system should be blocked if re-start under permanent fault conditions. Moreover, existing transmission line protections for HVDC, the boundary component based protections, and communication-based schemes face difficulty in adaptively for long distance DC transmission lines. To solve this problem, a setting method of the pre-set filter was firstly proposed in this paper under the constraint of continuous operation of converters. Secondly, a novel single-ended protection scheme on the basis of fault location was put forward. The proposed protection is based on the superimposed-component directional criterion, as well as the travelling wave time difference that detected by the mathematical morphology. The proposed protection scheme can work independent of the boundary component. According to the simulation results, the proposed method has enough protection range and satisfied operation speed, even under such severe conditions as the blind zone fault and high-resistance fault.
引文
[1]赵成勇,李探,俞露杰,等.MMC-HVDC直流单极接地故障分析与换流站故障恢复策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3518-3526.Zhao Chengyong,Li Tan,Yu Lujie,et al.DCpole-to-ground fault characteristic analysis and converter fault recovery strategy of MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3518-3526(in Chinese).
[2]孙刚,时伯年,赵宇明,等.基于MMC的柔性直流配电网故障定位及保护配置研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):127-133.Sun Gang,Shi Bonian,Zhao Yuming,et al.Research on the fault location method and protection configuration strategy of MMC based DC distribution grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):127-133(in Chinese).
[3]赵成勇,陈晓芳,曹春刚,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流侧故障控制保护策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):82-87.Zhao Chengyong,Chen Xiaofang,Cao Chungang,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDCunder DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):82-87(in Chinese).
[4]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Feng Yadong,et al.Key techniques for protection of multi-terminal flexible DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):2-12(in Chinese).
[5]韩亮,白小会,陈波,等.张北±500k V柔性直流电网换流站控制保护系统设计[J].电力建设,2017,38(3):42-47.Han Liang,Bai Xiaohui,Chen Bo,et al.Control and protection system design of Zhangbei±500kV converter station in VSC-HVDC power grid[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(3):42-47(in Chinese).
[6]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399.Li Yingbiao,Bu Guangquan,Wang Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DC overvoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399(in Chinese).
[7]宋国兵,李德坤,褚旭,等.基于参数识别原理的VSC-HVDC输电线路单端故障定位[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):94-99.Song Guobing,Li Dekun,Chu Xu,et al.One-terminal fault location for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on principles of parameter identification[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):94-99(in Chinese).
[8]和敬涵,张明,罗国敏,等.一种利用故障暂态过程的柔性直流配电网故障测距方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):985-992.He Jinghan,Zhang Ming,Luo Guomin,et al.A fault location method for flexible DC distribution network based on fault transient process[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):985-992(in Chinese).
[9]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C.Transient-voltage based protection scheme for DC line faults in multi-terminal VSC-HVDCsystem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1483-494.
[10]孔飞,张保会,王艳婷,等.超高速直流输电线路保护方向元件[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(8):83-88.Kong Fei,Zhang Baohui,Wang Yanting,et al.Ultrahigh-speed directional element of relay protection for HVDC transmission line[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(8):83-88(in Chinese).
[11]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[12]Chu X,Song G,Liang J.Analytical method of fault characteristic and non-unit protection for HVDCtransmission lines[J].CSEE Journal of Power&Energy Systems,2016,2(4):37-43.
[13]Sneath J,Rajapakse A.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DCbreakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1.
[14]Zheng X,Tai N,Wu Z,et al.Harmonic current protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(9):1509-1515.
[15]He Z Y,Liao K.Natural frequency-based protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission lines[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2015,9(13):1519-1525.
[16]Leterme W,Beerten J,Hertem D V.Nonunit protection of HVDC grids with inductive DC cable termination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):820-828.
[17]李斌,何佳伟,李晔,等.基于边界特性的多端柔性直流配电系统单端量保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5741-5749.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Li Ye,et al.Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5741-5749(in Chinese).
[18]王帅,毕天姝,贾科.基于小波时间熵的MMC-HVDC架空线路单极接地故障检测方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2179-2185.Wang Shuai,Bi Tianshu,Jia Ke.Wavelet entropy based single pole grounding fault detection approach for MMC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Power System technology,2016,40(7):2179-2185(in Chinese).
[19]宋国兵,蔡新雷,高淑萍,等.利用电流频率特性的VSC-HVDC直流输电线路纵联保护[J].高电压技术,2011,37(8):1989-1996.Song Guobing,Cai Xinlei,Gao Shuping,et al.New pilot protection for VSC-HVDC transmission lines using natural frequency characteristics of current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):1989-1996(in Chinese).
[20]高强,林烨,黄立超,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程综述[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(2):33-38.Gao Qiang,Lin Ye,Huang Lichao,et al.An overview of Zhoushan VSC-MTDC transmission project[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(2):33-38(in Chinese).
[21]汤兰西,董新洲.半波长交流输电线路行波差动电流特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2261-2269.Tang Lanxi,Dong Xinzhou.Study on the characteristic of travelling wave differential current on half-wave-length AC transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2261-2269(in Chinese).
[22]Mansour M M,Swift G W.A Multi-microprocessor based travelling wave relay-theory and realization[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1986,1(1):272-279.
[23]申洪明,黄少锋,费彬,等.基于数学形态学的换相失败检测新方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):170-177.Shen Hongming,Huang Shaofeng,Fei Bin,et al.A new method to detect commutation failure based on mathematical morphology[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):170-177(in Chinese).
[24]朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:202.Zhu Shengshi.Theory and technology of HV network protective relaying[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005:202(in Chinese).
[25]Luo S,Dong X,Shi S,et al.A directional protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on reactive energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):559-567.
[2]孙刚,时伯年,赵宇明,等.基于MMC的柔性直流配电网故障定位及保护配置研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(22):127-133.Sun Gang,Shi Bonian,Zhao Yuming,et al.Research on the fault location method and protection configuration strategy of MMC based DC distribution grid[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(22):127-133(in Chinese).
[3]赵成勇,陈晓芳,曹春刚,等.模块化多电平换流器HVDC直流侧故障控制保护策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(23):82-87.Zhao Chengyong,Chen Xiaofang,Cao Chungang,et al.Control and protection strategies for MMC-HVDCunder DC faults[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(23):82-87(in Chinese).
[4]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Feng Yadong,et al.Key techniques for protection of multi-terminal flexible DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):2-12(in Chinese).
[5]韩亮,白小会,陈波,等.张北±500k V柔性直流电网换流站控制保护系统设计[J].电力建设,2017,38(3):42-47.Han Liang,Bai Xiaohui,Chen Bo,et al.Control and protection system design of Zhangbei±500kV converter station in VSC-HVDC power grid[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(3):42-47(in Chinese).
[6]李英彪,卜广全,王姗姗,等.张北柔直电网工程直流线路短路过程中直流过电压分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3391-3399.Li Yingbiao,Bu Guangquan,Wang Shanshan,et al.Analysis of DC overvoltage caused by DC short-circuit fault in Zhangbei VSC-based DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3391-3399(in Chinese).
[7]宋国兵,李德坤,褚旭,等.基于参数识别原理的VSC-HVDC输电线路单端故障定位[J].电网技术,2012,36(12):94-99.Song Guobing,Li Dekun,Chu Xu,et al.One-terminal fault location for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on principles of parameter identification[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(12):94-99(in Chinese).
[8]和敬涵,张明,罗国敏,等.一种利用故障暂态过程的柔性直流配电网故障测距方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):985-992.He Jinghan,Zhang Ming,Luo Guomin,et al.A fault location method for flexible DC distribution network based on fault transient process[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):985-992(in Chinese).
[9]Liu J,Tai N,Fan C.Transient-voltage based protection scheme for DC line faults in multi-terminal VSC-HVDCsystem[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1483-494.
[10]孔飞,张保会,王艳婷,等.超高速直流输电线路保护方向元件[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(8):83-88.Kong Fei,Zhang Baohui,Wang Yanting,et al.Ultrahigh-speed directional element of relay protection for HVDC transmission line[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(8):83-88(in Chinese).
[11]何佳伟,李斌,李晔,等.多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6878-6887.He Jiawei,Li Bin,Li Ye,et al.A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6878-6887(in Chinese).
[12]Chu X,Song G,Liang J.Analytical method of fault characteristic and non-unit protection for HVDCtransmission lines[J].CSEE Journal of Power&Energy Systems,2016,2(4):37-43.
[13]Sneath J,Rajapakse A.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DCbreakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1.
[14]Zheng X,Tai N,Wu Z,et al.Harmonic current protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission system[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(9):1509-1515.
[15]He Z Y,Liao K.Natural frequency-based protection scheme for voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission lines[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2015,9(13):1519-1525.
[16]Leterme W,Beerten J,Hertem D V.Nonunit protection of HVDC grids with inductive DC cable termination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):820-828.
[17]李斌,何佳伟,李晔,等.基于边界特性的多端柔性直流配电系统单端量保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5741-5749.Li Bin,He Jiawei,Li Ye,et al.Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5741-5749(in Chinese).
[18]王帅,毕天姝,贾科.基于小波时间熵的MMC-HVDC架空线路单极接地故障检测方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2179-2185.Wang Shuai,Bi Tianshu,Jia Ke.Wavelet entropy based single pole grounding fault detection approach for MMC-HVDC overhead lines[J].Power System technology,2016,40(7):2179-2185(in Chinese).
[19]宋国兵,蔡新雷,高淑萍,等.利用电流频率特性的VSC-HVDC直流输电线路纵联保护[J].高电压技术,2011,37(8):1989-1996.Song Guobing,Cai Xinlei,Gao Shuping,et al.New pilot protection for VSC-HVDC transmission lines using natural frequency characteristics of current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):1989-1996(in Chinese).
[20]高强,林烨,黄立超,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程综述[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(2):33-38.Gao Qiang,Lin Ye,Huang Lichao,et al.An overview of Zhoushan VSC-MTDC transmission project[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(2):33-38(in Chinese).
[21]汤兰西,董新洲.半波长交流输电线路行波差动电流特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(8):2261-2269.Tang Lanxi,Dong Xinzhou.Study on the characteristic of travelling wave differential current on half-wave-length AC transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(8):2261-2269(in Chinese).
[22]Mansour M M,Swift G W.A Multi-microprocessor based travelling wave relay-theory and realization[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1986,1(1):272-279.
[23]申洪明,黄少锋,费彬,等.基于数学形态学的换相失败检测新方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):170-177.Shen Hongming,Huang Shaofeng,Fei Bin,et al.A new method to detect commutation failure based on mathematical morphology[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):170-177(in Chinese).
[24]朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:202.Zhu Shengshi.Theory and technology of HV network protective relaying[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005:202(in Chinese).
[25]Luo S,Dong X,Shi S,et al.A directional protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines based on reactive energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):559-567.
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