中小跨径梁桥横向混凝土挡块模型及参数影响分析
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摘要
为更准确地评估中小跨径梁桥主梁位移及下部结构地震响应,需建立合理的挡块分析模型。基于1座三跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥有限元模型,考虑了线弹性模型、考虑屈服的理想弹塑性模型及考虑退化的弹塑性模型3种不同挡块力学模型;对比分析了不同挡块模型对主梁位移及下部结构地震响应的影响;基于建议的分析模型,探讨了合理挡块间距的选取,并总结了有效防撞措施及新型挡块。结果表明,考虑退化的挡块模型可较好反映混凝土挡块在碰撞过程中的变形、损伤及完全失效的特性,而采用线弹性及理想弹塑性挡块模型都会低估主梁位移及高估传至下部结构的地震力;合理挡块间距选取范围在1.0~2.5 tr(橡胶层厚度)之间,可保证在橡胶支座发挥减隔震功能后,起到较好的限位作用,而又不致明显增加下部结构地震力。
To calculate the girder displacement and seismic responses of substructure more accurately for small-tomedium spanning highway bridges,reasonable analytical model of shear keys should be built. A three-span prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge was developed considering different analytical model of shear keys,which include linear elastic model,idea elastic-plastic model and mechanical model of shear key considering degradation.Influences on the girder displacement and seismic responses of substructure of different shear key models were discussed. Based on the recommended model,the reasonable initial gaps of shear keys were investigated. Then,some effective collision prevention measures and new-type shear keys were concluded. The results show that the mechanical model of shear key considering degradation can well simulate the deformation,damage status and disabling displacement limitation functionality under collision effects,while the linear elastic model and idea elastic-plastic model would underestimate the displacement of girder and overestimate the seismic forces transferred to substructure.The reasonable initial gaps of shear keys range from 1. 0 to 2. 5 tr( total thickness of rubber layer),which can be ensured that the displacement of superstructure can be restrained effectively by shear keys after the isolation function of rubber bearings working,and the seismic forces transferred to substructure will not be increased obviously.
To calculate the girder displacement and seismic responses of substructure more accurately for small-tomedium spanning highway bridges,reasonable analytical model of shear keys should be built. A three-span prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge was developed considering different analytical model of shear keys,which include linear elastic model,idea elastic-plastic model and mechanical model of shear key considering degradation.Influences on the girder displacement and seismic responses of substructure of different shear key models were discussed. Based on the recommended model,the reasonable initial gaps of shear keys were investigated. Then,some effective collision prevention measures and new-type shear keys were concluded. The results show that the mechanical model of shear key considering degradation can well simulate the deformation,damage status and disabling displacement limitation functionality under collision effects,while the linear elastic model and idea elastic-plastic model would underestimate the displacement of girder and overestimate the seismic forces transferred to substructure.The reasonable initial gaps of shear keys range from 1. 0 to 2. 5 tr( total thickness of rubber layer),which can be ensured that the displacement of superstructure can be restrained effectively by shear keys after the isolation function of rubber bearings working,and the seismic forces transferred to substructure will not be increased obviously.
引文
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[9]王军文,沈贤,李建中.地震作用下斜交简支梁桥旋转机理及斜度影响研究[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(3):32-37.WANG Junwen,SHEN Xian,LI Jianzhong.Study of rotation mechanism and skew degree influence of skewed simply-supported beam bridge under earthquake excitation[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(3):32-37.(in Chinese)
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[12]徐略勤,李建中.新型滑移挡块的设计、试验及防震效果研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(2):111-118.XU Lueqin,LI Jianzhong.Design and experimental investigation of a new type sliding retainer and its efficacy in seismic fortification[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(2):111-118.(in Chinese)
[13]Goel R K,Chopra A K.Role of shear keys in seismic behavior of bridges crossing fault-rupture zones[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2008,13(4):398-408.
[14]Abdel-Mohti A,Pekcan G.Assessment of seismic performance of skew reinforced concrete box girder bridges[J].International Journal of Advanced Structure Engineering,2013,5:1-18.
[15]汤虎,李建中,邵长宇.中小跨径板式橡胶支座梁桥横向抗震性能[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(3):55-65.TANG Hu,LI Jianzhong,SHAO Changyu.Seismic performance of small and medium span girder bridges with plate type elastomeric pad bearings in the transverse direction[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport[J].2016,29(3):55-65.(in Chinese)
[16]JTG/T B02-01-2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.JTJ/T B02-01-2008 Guidelines for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[17]庄卫林,陈乐生.汶川地震公路震害分析-桥梁与隧道[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2013:195-208.ZHUANG Weilin,CHEN Lesheng.Analysis of highways’damage in the wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2013:195-208.(in Chinese)
[18]Aviram A,Mackie K R,Stojadinovic B.Guidelines for nonlinear analysis of bridge structures in california[R].PEER Report 2008/03,California:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,2008.
[19]石岩,秦洪果.地震下城市高架桥横向偏心碰撞响应与防撞效果分析[J].石家庄铁道大学学报:自然科学版,2011,24(4):23-27.SHI Yan,QIN Hongguo.Analysis of eccentric pounding responses and anti-seismic effect of urban viaduct under transverses earthquake[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University:Natural Science,2011,24(4):23-27.(in Chinese)
[20]范立础,胡世德.橡胶减震挡块[P].中国,CN2260816,1997.FAN Lichu,HU Shide.Rubber isolation shear key[P].China:CN2260816,1997.(in Chinese)
[21]王克海,韦韩,李茜.双层钢筋混凝土抗震挡块[P].中国:CN 201952720 U,2011.WANG Kehai,WEI Han,LI Qian.Seismic double-concrete-layer shear key[P].China:CN 201952721 U,2011.(in Chinese)
[22]王克海,韦韩,李茜.双层钢板抗震挡块[P].中国:CN 201952720 U,2011.WANG Kehai,WEI Han,LI Qian.Seismic Double-Steel-Layer Shear Key[P].China:CN 201952722 U,2011.(in Chinese)
[23]王克海,韦韩,李茜.双层组合抗震挡块[P].中国:CN 201952721 U,2011.WANG Kehai,WEI Han,LI Qian.Seismic Double-Layer Shear Key[P].China:CN 201952721 U,2011.(in Chinese)
[2]王克海.桥梁抗震研究[M].2版.北京;中国铁道出版社,2015:269-279.WANG Kehai.Bridge seismic research[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2015:269-279.(in Chinese)
[3]Maleki S.Effect of side retainers on seismic response of bridges with elastomeric bearings[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2004,9(1):95-100.
[4]邓育林,彭天波,李建中.地震作用下桥梁结构横向碰撞模型及参数分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(9):104-107.DENG Yulin,PENG Tianbo,LI Jianzhong.Pounding model of bridge structures and parameter analysis under transverse earthquake[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26(9):104-107.(in Chinese)
[5]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):25-30.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Analysis on pounding effect of irregular girder bridges under transverse earthquake[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(6):25-30.(in Chinese)
[6]何健,叶爱君.连续斜交梁桥地震下碰撞效应分析[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(4):1475-1481.HE Jian,YE Aijun.Seismic response of continuous skew bridges with pounding effect[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2012,43(4):1475-1481.(in Chinese)
[7]聂利英,李建中,范立础.地震作用下结构碰撞的模型参数及其影响分析[J].工程力学,2005,22(5):142-146.NIEe Liying,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Selection of pounding analysis parameters and its effects on structure under earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(5):142-146.(in Chinese)
[8]Shervin M.Effect of side retainers on seismic response of bridges with elastomeric bearings[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2004,9(1):95-100.
[9]王军文,沈贤,李建中.地震作用下斜交简支梁桥旋转机理及斜度影响研究[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(3):32-37.WANG Junwen,SHEN Xian,LI Jianzhong.Study of rotation mechanism and skew degree influence of skewed simply-supported beam bridge under earthquake excitation[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(3):32-37.(in Chinese)
[10]沈贤,王军文,李建中,等.地震作用下斜交简支梁桥桥面旋转反应的参数分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(5):61-72.SHEN Xian,WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,et al.Parametric analysis for deck’s inplane rotation response of simply-support skewed girder bridges under ground motions[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(5):61-72.(in Chinese)
[11]Megally S H,Silva P F,Seible F.Seismic response of sacrificial shear keys in bridge abutments[R].Structural Systems Research Project,Rep.No.SSRP-2001/23,San Diego:University of California,2001,177-188.
[12]徐略勤,李建中.新型滑移挡块的设计、试验及防震效果研究[J].工程力学,2016,33(2):111-118.XU Lueqin,LI Jianzhong.Design and experimental investigation of a new type sliding retainer and its efficacy in seismic fortification[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(2):111-118.(in Chinese)
[13]Goel R K,Chopra A K.Role of shear keys in seismic behavior of bridges crossing fault-rupture zones[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2008,13(4):398-408.
[14]Abdel-Mohti A,Pekcan G.Assessment of seismic performance of skew reinforced concrete box girder bridges[J].International Journal of Advanced Structure Engineering,2013,5:1-18.
[15]汤虎,李建中,邵长宇.中小跨径板式橡胶支座梁桥横向抗震性能[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(3):55-65.TANG Hu,LI Jianzhong,SHAO Changyu.Seismic performance of small and medium span girder bridges with plate type elastomeric pad bearings in the transverse direction[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport[J].2016,29(3):55-65.(in Chinese)
[16]JTG/T B02-01-2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.JTJ/T B02-01-2008 Guidelines for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[17]庄卫林,陈乐生.汶川地震公路震害分析-桥梁与隧道[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2013:195-208.ZHUANG Weilin,CHEN Lesheng.Analysis of highways’damage in the wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2013:195-208.(in Chinese)
[18]Aviram A,Mackie K R,Stojadinovic B.Guidelines for nonlinear analysis of bridge structures in california[R].PEER Report 2008/03,California:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,2008.
[19]石岩,秦洪果.地震下城市高架桥横向偏心碰撞响应与防撞效果分析[J].石家庄铁道大学学报:自然科学版,2011,24(4):23-27.SHI Yan,QIN Hongguo.Analysis of eccentric pounding responses and anti-seismic effect of urban viaduct under transverses earthquake[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University:Natural Science,2011,24(4):23-27.(in Chinese)
[20]范立础,胡世德.橡胶减震挡块[P].中国,CN2260816,1997.FAN Lichu,HU Shide.Rubber isolation shear key[P].China:CN2260816,1997.(in Chinese)
[21]王克海,韦韩,李茜.双层钢筋混凝土抗震挡块[P].中国:CN 201952720 U,2011.WANG Kehai,WEI Han,LI Qian.Seismic double-concrete-layer shear key[P].China:CN 201952721 U,2011.(in Chinese)
[22]王克海,韦韩,李茜.双层钢板抗震挡块[P].中国:CN 201952720 U,2011.WANG Kehai,WEI Han,LI Qian.Seismic Double-Steel-Layer Shear Key[P].China:CN 201952722 U,2011.(in Chinese)
[23]王克海,韦韩,李茜.双层组合抗震挡块[P].中国:CN 201952721 U,2011.WANG Kehai,WEI Han,LI Qian.Seismic Double-Layer Shear Key[P].China:CN 201952721 U,2011.(in Chinese)