旱直播种植对水稻植株水分分布与抗倒伏特性的影响
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摘要
为探讨节水灌溉种植模式对水稻体内的水分分布特征和抗倒伏特性的影响,于2017年5—10月在黑龙江省庆安县采用测坑微区进行试验。试验设置3个处理:滴灌旱直播(DH)、漫灌旱直播(MH)和常规插秧淹灌(CK),并以CK处理作为对照。结果表明:DH与MH处理的叶、鞘、茎和冠部湿基含水率在全生育期均低于CK处理,但根部湿基含水率从分蘖末期开始均高于CK处理。乳熟期和黄熟期茎部不同节间湿基含水率(W)、节间长度(L)、株高均以DH处理最低、CK处理最高,而茎部单位长度节间质量(Uw)均以DH处理最大、CK处理最小。相比CK处理,DH处理显著提高了水稻茎部的抗折力(F)、折断弯矩(Bm)和弯曲应力(Bs),降低了弯曲力矩(Wp)、断面模数(Z)和倒伏指数(Li),这表明滴灌旱直播种植模式显著提高了水稻的抗倒伏能力。不同参数间的相关关系表明,L、W、Wp、Z与Li之间均表现为极显著正相关(P <0. 01),而Uw、F、Bm、Bs与Li呈显著负相关(P <0. 05),且水稻茎部湿基含水率与倒伏指数呈极显著正相关(P <0. 01),这说明利用茎部湿基含水率能够表征和预测水稻的倒伏指数。本研究可为解决东北黑土区水稻倒伏、用水效率低下等问题提供新的方法和途径。
In order to explore the effect of water saving irrigation pattern on water distribution and lodging resistance of rice plants,a test was carried out in Qing'an County,Heilongjiang Province from May to October 2017. Three treatments were set: drip irrigation dry direct seeding( DH),flood irrigation in dry land( MH) and conventional basin irrigation( CK). The results showed that the moisture content of the total wet base of crown and leaf,sheath and stem treated by DH and MH was lower than that of CK at full growth stage,but the moisture content of root wet base was higher than that of CK at the end of tillering stage. The moisture content of different internodes( W),internode length( L) and plant height in the stems of milk ripening and yellow ripening stage were the lowest in DH,and the CK treatment was the highest,but the unit internode weight( Uw) of stem was the largest in DH,and the CK treatment was the smallest. Compared with CK,DH significantly improved the flexural force( F),broken bending moment( Bm) and bending stress( Bs) of rice stem,and reduced the bending moment( Wp),cross-section modulus( Z) and lodging index( Li),indicating that the drought resistance of rice was significantly improved by drip irrigation and dry direct seeding. The correlation between different parameters showed that L,W,Wp,Z and Lishowed significant positive correlation( P < 0. 01),while Uw,F,Bm,Bsand Lishowed significant negative correlation( P < 0. 05),and the moisture content of the wet base of rice stems had significantly positive correlation,indicating that the water content of stems could be used to characterize and predict the lodging index of rice. The research results can provide new methods and ways to solve the problems of rice lodging and low water efficiency in the black soil area of Northeast China. It was of great significance to ensure the grain yield and the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in the black soil area of Northeast China.
In order to explore the effect of water saving irrigation pattern on water distribution and lodging resistance of rice plants,a test was carried out in Qing'an County,Heilongjiang Province from May to October 2017. Three treatments were set: drip irrigation dry direct seeding( DH),flood irrigation in dry land( MH) and conventional basin irrigation( CK). The results showed that the moisture content of the total wet base of crown and leaf,sheath and stem treated by DH and MH was lower than that of CK at full growth stage,but the moisture content of root wet base was higher than that of CK at the end of tillering stage. The moisture content of different internodes( W),internode length( L) and plant height in the stems of milk ripening and yellow ripening stage were the lowest in DH,and the CK treatment was the highest,but the unit internode weight( Uw) of stem was the largest in DH,and the CK treatment was the smallest. Compared with CK,DH significantly improved the flexural force( F),broken bending moment( Bm) and bending stress( Bs) of rice stem,and reduced the bending moment( Wp),cross-section modulus( Z) and lodging index( Li),indicating that the drought resistance of rice was significantly improved by drip irrigation and dry direct seeding. The correlation between different parameters showed that L,W,Wp,Z and Lishowed significant positive correlation( P < 0. 01),while Uw,F,Bm,Bsand Lishowed significant negative correlation( P < 0. 05),and the moisture content of the wet base of rice stems had significantly positive correlation,indicating that the water content of stems could be used to characterize and predict the lodging index of rice. The research results can provide new methods and ways to solve the problems of rice lodging and low water efficiency in the black soil area of Northeast China. It was of great significance to ensure the grain yield and the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in the black soil area of Northeast China.
引文
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