饲料中添加玉米蛋白粉或鸡肉粉替代部分鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在饲料中添加玉米蛋白粉或鸡肉粉替代部分鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响,以确定卵形鲳鲹饲料中鸡肉粉、玉米蛋白粉的适宜添加量。玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉试验:在饲料中添加不同水平[0(对照)、6.4%、11.8%、17.3%、22.7%、28.1%]的玉米蛋白粉,分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,饲喂初始平均体重为(101.70±0.22) g的卵形鲳鲹12周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱投放80尾卵形鲳鲹。鸡肉粉替代鱼粉试验:在饲料中添加不同水平[0(对照)、5.2%、10.4%、15.6%、20.8%、26.0%]的鸡肉粉,分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,饲喂初始平均体重为(101.03±0.59) g的卵形鲳鲹12周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱投放80尾卵形鲳鲹。结果显示:随着玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉比例的升高,卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和能量沉积率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而饲料系数与摄食率则呈先下降后上升的趋势。与对照组相比,饲料中添加11.8%～17.3%的玉米蛋白粉显著提高了卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P<0.05),但饲料中添加28.1%的玉米蛋白粉则显著降低了卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率(P<0.05),同时还显著提高了饲料系数和摄食率(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加5.2%～20.8%的鸡肉粉对卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率等生长性能指标均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),而添加26.0%的鸡肉粉则显著降低了增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率(P<0.05),并显著提高了饲料系数(P<0.05)。综上可知,玉米蛋白粉和鸡肉粉可以替代饲料中部分鱼粉而不会对卵形鲳鲹的生长产生负面影响。基于特定生长率和饲料系数,通过函数模型计算得出卵形鲳鲹饲料中玉米蛋白粉的适宜添加量为10.91%～10.96%,鸡肉粉的适宜添加量为20.80%～21.25%。
Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal or poultry meal partially replacing fish meal on growth performance of golden pompano( Trachinotus ovatus),and to evaluate the suitable supplemental levels of corn gluten meal as well as poultry meal. Corn gluten meal replacing fish meal trial: six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0( control),6. 4%,11.8%,17.3%,22.7% and 28.1% corn gluten meal replacing 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% fish meal,respectively. Each experimental diet was randomly fed to 4 net cages of 80 fish in each net cage for 12 weeks,with fish initial body weight of( 101. 70 ± 0. 22) g. Poultry meal replacing fish meal trial: six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0( control),5.2%,10.4%,15.6%,20.8% and26.0% poultry meal replacing 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% fish meal,respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to 4 net cages of 80 fish in each net cage for 12 weeks,with fish initial body weight of( 101.03 ±0.59) g. The results showed that with the proportion of dietary corn gluten meal replacing fish meal increasing,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate,protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate firstly increased and then decreased,while the feed coefficient and feed intake firstly decreased and then increased. Compared with control group,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate of fish fed with 11.8% to 17.3% corn gluten meal diets significantly decreased( P<0.05),whereas the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate,protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate of fish fed with 28.1% corn gluten meal diet significantly decreased( P<0.05),meanwhile the feed coefficient and feed intake were significantly increased( P<0.05). Compared with control group,the growth performance including weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed coefficient,protein efficiency rate and so on had no significant difference when fish fed with 5.2% to 20.8% poultry meal diets( P>0.05),while the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate of fish fed with 26. 0% poultry meal diet significantly decreased( P <0.05). Feed coefficient of fish fed with 26% poultry meal diet was significantly higher than that of fish from control group( P<0.05),while fish from 5.2% to 20.8% poultry meal groups showed no significant difference( P>0.05). Therefore,poultry meal and poultry meal can be added in diets to replace partial fish meal for golden pompano without negatively effects on growth. The suitable supplemental levels of corn gluten meal and poultry meal in diets of golden pompano are calculated by function models base on specific growth rate and feed coefficient,and they are 10.91% to 10.96% and 20.80% to 21.25%,respectively.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2752-2764]
Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal or poultry meal partially replacing fish meal on growth performance of golden pompano( Trachinotus ovatus),and to evaluate the suitable supplemental levels of corn gluten meal as well as poultry meal. Corn gluten meal replacing fish meal trial: six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0( control),6. 4%,11.8%,17.3%,22.7% and 28.1% corn gluten meal replacing 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% fish meal,respectively. Each experimental diet was randomly fed to 4 net cages of 80 fish in each net cage for 12 weeks,with fish initial body weight of( 101. 70 ± 0. 22) g. Poultry meal replacing fish meal trial: six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0( control),5.2%,10.4%,15.6%,20.8% and26.0% poultry meal replacing 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% fish meal,respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to 4 net cages of 80 fish in each net cage for 12 weeks,with fish initial body weight of( 101.03 ±0.59) g. The results showed that with the proportion of dietary corn gluten meal replacing fish meal increasing,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate,protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate firstly increased and then decreased,while the feed coefficient and feed intake firstly decreased and then increased. Compared with control group,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate of fish fed with 11.8% to 17.3% corn gluten meal diets significantly decreased( P<0.05),whereas the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate,protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate of fish fed with 28.1% corn gluten meal diet significantly decreased( P<0.05),meanwhile the feed coefficient and feed intake were significantly increased( P<0.05). Compared with control group,the growth performance including weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed coefficient,protein efficiency rate and so on had no significant difference when fish fed with 5.2% to 20.8% poultry meal diets( P>0.05),while the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate of fish fed with 26. 0% poultry meal diet significantly decreased( P <0.05). Feed coefficient of fish fed with 26% poultry meal diet was significantly higher than that of fish from control group( P<0.05),while fish from 5.2% to 20.8% poultry meal groups showed no significant difference( P>0.05). Therefore,poultry meal and poultry meal can be added in diets to replace partial fish meal for golden pompano without negatively effects on growth. The suitable supplemental levels of corn gluten meal and poultry meal in diets of golden pompano are calculated by function models base on specific growth rate and feed coefficient,and they are 10.91% to 10.96% and 20.80% to 21.25%,respectively.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2752-2764]
引文
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[2]FAO.The state of world fisheries and aquaculture[R].Rome:FAO,2014:1-140.
[3]门珂珂.饲料玉米蛋白粉及赖氨酸对鲈鱼生长和代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
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[5]GOMES E F,REMA P,KAUSHIK S J.Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss):digestibility and grow th performance[J].Aquaculture,1995,130(2/3):177-186.
[6]PEREIRA T G,OLIVA-TELES A.Evaluation of corn gluten meal as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata L.)juveniles[J].Aquaculture Research,2003,34(13):1111-1117.
[7]KIKUCHI K.Partial replacement of fish meal with corn gluten meal in diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1999,30(3):357-363.
[8]REGOST C,ARZEL J,KAUSHIK S J.Partial or total replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot(Psetta maxima)[J].Aquaculture,1999,180(1/2):99-117.
[9]TAKAGI S,HOSOKAWA H,SHIMENO S,et al.Utilization of corn gluten meal in a diet for red sea bream Pagrus major[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2000,66:417-427.
[10]ROBINSON E H,LI M H,MANNING B B.Evaluation of corn gluten feed as a dietary ingredient for pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2001,32(1):68-71.
[11]MENTE E,DEGUARA S,SANTOS M B,et al.White muscle free amino acid concentrations follow ing feeding a maize gluten dietary protein in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture,2003,225(1/2/3/4):133-147.
[12]ZHOU Q C,TAN B P,MAI K S,et al.Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1/2/3/4):441-451.
[13]HANSEN A C,KARLSEN,ROSENLUND G,et al.Dietary plant protein utilization in Atlantic cod,G adus morhua L.[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2007,13(3):200-215.
[14]LEWIS H A,KOHLER C C.Corn gluten meal partially replaces dietary fish meal w ithout compromising grow th or fatty acid composition of sunshine bass[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2008,70(1):50-60.
[15]ZHONG G F,HUA X M,YUAN K,et al.Effect of CGM on grow th performance and digestibility in puffer(Takifugu fasciatus)[J].Aquaculture International,2011,19(3):395-403.
[16]WANG Y,GUO J L,BUREAU D P,et al.Replacement of fish meal by rendered animal protein ingredients in feeds for cuneate drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J].Aquaculture,2006,252(2/3/4):476-483.
[17]SHAPAWI R,NG W K,MUSTAFA S.Replacement of fish meal w ith poultry by-product meal in diets formulated for the humpback grouper,Cromileptes altivelis[J].Aquaculture,2007,273(1):118-126.
[18]ZHU H,GONG G,WANG J,et al.Replacement of fish meal w ith blend of rendered animal protein in diets for Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt),results in performance equal to fish meal fed fish[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(2):e389-e395.
[19]HERNNDEZ C,OLVERA-NOVOA M A,HARDYR W,et al.Complete replacement of fish meal by porcine and poultry by-product meals in practical diets for fingerling Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus:digestibility and grow th performance[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,16(1):44-53.
[20]YANG Y,XIE S Q,CUI Y B,et al.Partial and total replacement of fishmeal w ith poultry by-product meal in diets for gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch[J].Aquaculture Research,2006,37(1):40-48.
[21]FOWLER L G.Poultry by-product meal as a dietary protein source in fall chinook salmon diets[J].Aquaculture,1991,99(3/4):309-321.
[22]STEFFENS W.Replacing fish meal with poultry byproduct meal in diets for rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1994,124(1/2/3/4):27-34.
[23]KURESHY N,DAVIS D A,ARNOLD C R.Partial replacement of fish meal w ith meat-and-bone meal,flash-dried poultry by-product meal,and enzyme-digested poultry by-product meal in practical diets for juvenile red drum[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2000,62(4):266-272.
[24]LI K,WANG Y,ZHENG Z X,et al.Replacing fish meal w ith rendered animal protein ingredients in diets for M alabar grouper,Epinephelus malabaricus,reared in net pens[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2009,40(1):67-75.
[25]WU Y B,REN G,QIN J G,et al.The suitable dose of gamma irradiation on soybean meal as a fish meal substitute in diets for golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(6):1944-1953.
[26]NIU J,FIGUEIREDO-SILVA C,DONG Y,et al.Effect of replacing fish meal w ith soybean meal and of DL-methionine or lysine supplementation in pelleted diets on grow th and nutrient utilization of juvenile golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2016,22(3):606-614.
[27]LIN H Z,CHEN X,CHEN S S,et al.Replacement of fish meal w ith fermented soybean meal in practical diets for pompano Trachinotus ovatus[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,44(1):151-156.
[28]KOU H Y,XU S Y,WANG A L.Effect of replacing canola meal for fish meal on the grow th,digestive enzyme activity,and amino acids,of ovate pompano,Trachinotus ovatus[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh,2015,67:1-10.
[29]NIU J,DU Q,LIN H Z,et al.Quantitative dietary methionine requirement of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus at a constant dietary cystine level[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2013,19(5):677-686.
[30]孙丽慧,陈建明,沈斌乾,等.草鱼鱼种对饲料中缬氨酸需求量的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(6):900-908.
[31]李航,黄旭雄,王鑫磊,等.饲料中牛磺酸含量对淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成、消化酶活性及抗胁迫能力的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):706-715.
[32]李学丽,王际英,宋志东,等.两种豆粕部分替代鱼粉在珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):716-725.
[33]姚文祥,李小勤,陈佳楠,等.低鱼粉饲料中添加微囊氨基酸和蛋白酶对凡纳滨对虾生长、营养物质利用和消化酶活性的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(6):880-887.
[34]田莹,何艮,周慧慧,等.大菱鲆幼鱼对玉米蛋白粉中营养物质的表观消化率及添加胆汁酸和酶制剂对其产生的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(9):3211-3219.
[35]罗嘉翔,黄文文,袁野,等.鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):3970-3979.
[36]王飞.卵形鲳鲹饲料最适蛋白和脂肪需求及添加不同动植物原料的研究[D].硕士学位论文.上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[37]秦钦,陈校辉,潘建林,等.日粮蛋白含量及家系对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能和肝脏IGF-ⅠmRNA表达水平的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(2):190-195.
[2]FAO.The state of world fisheries and aquaculture[R].Rome:FAO,2014:1-140.
[3]门珂珂.饲料玉米蛋白粉及赖氨酸对鲈鱼生长和代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[4]BALLESTRAZZI R,LANARI D,D'AGARO E,et al.The effect of dietary protein level and source on grow th,body composition,total ammonia and reactive phosphate excretion of grow ing sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)[J].Aquaculture,1994,127(2/3):197-206.
[5]GOMES E F,REMA P,KAUSHIK S J.Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss):digestibility and grow th performance[J].Aquaculture,1995,130(2/3):177-186.
[6]PEREIRA T G,OLIVA-TELES A.Evaluation of corn gluten meal as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata L.)juveniles[J].Aquaculture Research,2003,34(13):1111-1117.
[7]KIKUCHI K.Partial replacement of fish meal with corn gluten meal in diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1999,30(3):357-363.
[8]REGOST C,ARZEL J,KAUSHIK S J.Partial or total replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot(Psetta maxima)[J].Aquaculture,1999,180(1/2):99-117.
[9]TAKAGI S,HOSOKAWA H,SHIMENO S,et al.Utilization of corn gluten meal in a diet for red sea bream Pagrus major[J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi,2000,66:417-427.
[10]ROBINSON E H,LI M H,MANNING B B.Evaluation of corn gluten feed as a dietary ingredient for pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2001,32(1):68-71.
[11]MENTE E,DEGUARA S,SANTOS M B,et al.White muscle free amino acid concentrations follow ing feeding a maize gluten dietary protein in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture,2003,225(1/2/3/4):133-147.
[12]ZHOU Q C,TAN B P,MAI K S,et al.Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1/2/3/4):441-451.
[13]HANSEN A C,KARLSEN,ROSENLUND G,et al.Dietary plant protein utilization in Atlantic cod,G adus morhua L.[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2007,13(3):200-215.
[14]LEWIS H A,KOHLER C C.Corn gluten meal partially replaces dietary fish meal w ithout compromising grow th or fatty acid composition of sunshine bass[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2008,70(1):50-60.
[15]ZHONG G F,HUA X M,YUAN K,et al.Effect of CGM on grow th performance and digestibility in puffer(Takifugu fasciatus)[J].Aquaculture International,2011,19(3):395-403.
[16]WANG Y,GUO J L,BUREAU D P,et al.Replacement of fish meal by rendered animal protein ingredients in feeds for cuneate drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J].Aquaculture,2006,252(2/3/4):476-483.
[17]SHAPAWI R,NG W K,MUSTAFA S.Replacement of fish meal w ith poultry by-product meal in diets formulated for the humpback grouper,Cromileptes altivelis[J].Aquaculture,2007,273(1):118-126.
[18]ZHU H,GONG G,WANG J,et al.Replacement of fish meal w ith blend of rendered animal protein in diets for Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt),results in performance equal to fish meal fed fish[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(2):e389-e395.
[19]HERNNDEZ C,OLVERA-NOVOA M A,HARDYR W,et al.Complete replacement of fish meal by porcine and poultry by-product meals in practical diets for fingerling Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus:digestibility and grow th performance[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,16(1):44-53.
[20]YANG Y,XIE S Q,CUI Y B,et al.Partial and total replacement of fishmeal w ith poultry by-product meal in diets for gibel carp,Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch[J].Aquaculture Research,2006,37(1):40-48.
[21]FOWLER L G.Poultry by-product meal as a dietary protein source in fall chinook salmon diets[J].Aquaculture,1991,99(3/4):309-321.
[22]STEFFENS W.Replacing fish meal with poultry byproduct meal in diets for rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1994,124(1/2/3/4):27-34.
[23]KURESHY N,DAVIS D A,ARNOLD C R.Partial replacement of fish meal w ith meat-and-bone meal,flash-dried poultry by-product meal,and enzyme-digested poultry by-product meal in practical diets for juvenile red drum[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2000,62(4):266-272.
[24]LI K,WANG Y,ZHENG Z X,et al.Replacing fish meal w ith rendered animal protein ingredients in diets for M alabar grouper,Epinephelus malabaricus,reared in net pens[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2009,40(1):67-75.
[25]WU Y B,REN G,QIN J G,et al.The suitable dose of gamma irradiation on soybean meal as a fish meal substitute in diets for golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(6):1944-1953.
[26]NIU J,FIGUEIREDO-SILVA C,DONG Y,et al.Effect of replacing fish meal w ith soybean meal and of DL-methionine or lysine supplementation in pelleted diets on grow th and nutrient utilization of juvenile golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2016,22(3):606-614.
[27]LIN H Z,CHEN X,CHEN S S,et al.Replacement of fish meal w ith fermented soybean meal in practical diets for pompano Trachinotus ovatus[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,44(1):151-156.
[28]KOU H Y,XU S Y,WANG A L.Effect of replacing canola meal for fish meal on the grow th,digestive enzyme activity,and amino acids,of ovate pompano,Trachinotus ovatus[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh,2015,67:1-10.
[29]NIU J,DU Q,LIN H Z,et al.Quantitative dietary methionine requirement of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus at a constant dietary cystine level[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2013,19(5):677-686.
[30]孙丽慧,陈建明,沈斌乾,等.草鱼鱼种对饲料中缬氨酸需求量的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(6):900-908.
[31]李航,黄旭雄,王鑫磊,等.饲料中牛磺酸含量对淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成、消化酶活性及抗胁迫能力的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):706-715.
[32]李学丽,王际英,宋志东,等.两种豆粕部分替代鱼粉在珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼饲料中的研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(5):716-725.
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