白居易半格诗规制考
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摘要
白居易作为元白诗派的代表人物,创造了半格诗这一新的诗体,融合古体诗和近体诗的格律规范于一体。就字数而言,半格诗不受字数限制,多用12句、16句、20句等句数类型;就平仄而言,合律诗句和不合律诗句同时存在且比重大致持平,多用粘对律和拗救;就用韵而言,其韵式分为一韵到底、邻韵互押和中途换韵三种,平声韵部使用频率较高;就对仗而言,主要分为律诗的工对、古体诗的对仗和无对仗等三种类型。其规制介于古体诗和近体诗之间,别具一格,"似古非古,似律非律",为古典诗歌的发展注入了新的活力。
Bai Juyi,the representative of Yuan-Bai School,created the new verse of semilattice poetry,compromising the regulations on rhymes of ancient poetry and modern-style poetry. In terms of the number of words,the semilattice poems were not limited by the number of words,and 12 sentences,16 sentences,20 sentences and 24 sentences were common. In terms of level and oblique tones,the sentence pattern of semilattice poems was changeable. The verses that conformed to a metrical pattern and those not coexisted and accounted for roughly the same proportion,and law of niandui and aojiu were often used. In terms of rhyme,its rhyme scheme was divided into the following three kinds: a rhyme to the end,adjacent rhyme department used in general,midway change of the rhyme. The rhyme of level tone was frequently used. In terms of antithesis,there were neat antithesis of regulated verse,the antithesis of ancient poetry and no antithesis. The regulation of semilattice poems,which was between the ancient poetry and the modern-style poetry,had unique styles. The semilattice poem,which can be described as one that looks like an ancient poem but is not and looks like regulated verse but is not,infused new vitality into the development of classical poetry.
Bai Juyi,the representative of Yuan-Bai School,created the new verse of semilattice poetry,compromising the regulations on rhymes of ancient poetry and modern-style poetry. In terms of the number of words,the semilattice poems were not limited by the number of words,and 12 sentences,16 sentences,20 sentences and 24 sentences were common. In terms of level and oblique tones,the sentence pattern of semilattice poems was changeable. The verses that conformed to a metrical pattern and those not coexisted and accounted for roughly the same proportion,and law of niandui and aojiu were often used. In terms of rhyme,its rhyme scheme was divided into the following three kinds: a rhyme to the end,adjacent rhyme department used in general,midway change of the rhyme. The rhyme of level tone was frequently used. In terms of antithesis,there were neat antithesis of regulated verse,the antithesis of ancient poetry and no antithesis. The regulation of semilattice poems,which was between the ancient poetry and the modern-style poetry,had unique styles. The semilattice poem,which can be described as one that looks like an ancient poem but is not and looks like regulated verse but is not,infused new vitality into the development of classical poetry.
引文
[1]施蛰存.唐诗百话[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[2]王力.诗词格律[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[3]徐青.古典诗律学[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1980.
(1)因半格诗中某些诗篇题目较长,只取前几字,不详细列举,下同。
(2)律诗大部分押平声韵,也存在少量的仄声韵的律诗。
(3)因《广韵》基本保留了唐人的语音面貌和用韵情况,所以本文依据《广韵》对半格诗用韵进行考察。
[2]王力.诗词格律[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[3]徐青.古典诗律学[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1980.
(1)因半格诗中某些诗篇题目较长,只取前几字,不详细列举,下同。
(2)律诗大部分押平声韵,也存在少量的仄声韵的律诗。
(3)因《广韵》基本保留了唐人的语音面貌和用韵情况,所以本文依据《广韵》对半格诗用韵进行考察。