梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)的理论及其在环境中的应用Ⅲ——植物有效性评价的理论基础与应用潜力
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摘要
梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)是一种测定环境介质中多元素植物有效性的原位分析方法。由于其能模拟植物根系,综合考虑环境多介质的动态平衡,因此近年来被广泛应用于多元素植物有效性的评价。本文简要阐述了DGT技术基于动力学过程进行有效性测定的原理;深入剖析了DGT技术涉及的动力学过程与植物吸收机制的相似性与差异性;详细评估DGT技术预测多元素植物有效性的评价效果;并基于以上内容,对DGT技术在植物有效性方面的应用进行总结和展望。
Diffusive gradients in thin-films(DGT)is an in situ method assessing phytoavailability of metal(liod)s and phosphorus. A good correlation between concentrations of metal(liod)s and phosphorus in plants and their measurement by DGT in soils has been observed in plenty of studies, as DGT mimics the diffusion limiting uptake conditions that characterise the uptake of these solutes by many plants. In this paper, we elaborated what DGT measures in a particular environment based on an understanding of the dynamics processes. Mechanisms of metal(liod)s and phosphorus phytoavailability and how they relate to diffusive fluxes measured by DGT were discussed. Publications report-ing relationships between concentrations of elements in plants and soil measurements, including DGT, was summarized. In the end, an outlook on DGT application potential in predicting element phytoavailability was made.
Diffusive gradients in thin-films(DGT)is an in situ method assessing phytoavailability of metal(liod)s and phosphorus. A good correlation between concentrations of metal(liod)s and phosphorus in plants and their measurement by DGT in soils has been observed in plenty of studies, as DGT mimics the diffusion limiting uptake conditions that characterise the uptake of these solutes by many plants. In this paper, we elaborated what DGT measures in a particular environment based on an understanding of the dynamics processes. Mechanisms of metal(liod)s and phosphorus phytoavailability and how they relate to diffusive fluxes measured by DGT were discussed. Publications report-ing relationships between concentrations of elements in plants and soil measurements, including DGT, was summarized. In the end, an outlook on DGT application potential in predicting element phytoavailability was made.
引文
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[2]Luo J,Cheng H,Ren J,et al.Mechanistic insights from DGT and soil solution measurements on the uptake of Ni and Cd by radish[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(13):7305-7313.
[3]Barber S A.Soil nutrient bioavailability:A mechanistic approach[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1995.
[4]Mc Carty L S,Mackay D.Enhancing ecotoxicological modeling and assessment.Body residues and modes of toxic action[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1993,27(9):1719-1728.
[5]Davison W,Zhang H.In situ speciation measurements of trace components in natural-waters using thin-film gels[J].Nature,1994,367(6463):546-548.
[6]Davison W,Hooda P S,Zhang H,et al.DGT measured fluxes as surrogates for uptake of metals by plants[J].Advances in Environmental Research,2000,3(4):550-555.
[7]Zhang H,Davison W.Use of diffusive gradients in thin-films for studies of chemical speciation and bioavailability[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,12(2):85-101.
[8]Davison W,Zhang H.Progress in understanding the use of diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT):Back to basics[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,9(1):1-13.
[9]Zhang H,Davison W.Performance characteristics of diffusion gradients in thin films for the in situ measurement of trace metals in aqueous solution[J].Analytical Chemistry,1995,67(19):3391-3400.
[10]Guan D X,Williams P N,Luo J,et al.Novel precipitated zirconiabased DGT technique for high-resolution imaging of oxyanions in waters and sediments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(6):3653-3661.
[11]周春羊,管冬兴,韩永和,等.基于梯度扩散薄膜技术的太湖金属和营养盐区域污染特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(6):1144-1152.ZHOU Chun-yang,GUAN Dong-xing,HAN Yong-he,et al.Pollution characteristics of metals and nutrients in different regions of Lake Taihu based on diffusive gradients in thin-films[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(6):1144-1152.
[12]Zhang H,Davison W,Gadi R,et al.In situ measurement of dissolved phosphorus in natural waters using DGT[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1998,370(1):29-38.
[13]Zhang H,Davison W,Knight B,et al.In situ measurements of solution concentrations and fluxes of trace metals in soils using DGT[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(5):704-710.
[14]Zhao C M,Campbell P G C,Wilkinson K J.When are metal complexes bioavailable?[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,13(3):425-433.
[15]Guan D X,Zheng J L,Luo J,et al.A diffusive gradients in thin-films technique for the assessment of bisphenols desorption from soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,331:321-328.
[16]Davison W.Diffusive gradients in thin-films for environmental measurements[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2016.
[17]Luo J,Zhang H,Zhao F J,et al.Distinguishing diffusional and plant control of Cd and Ni uptake by hyperaccumulator and nonhyperaccumulator plants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(17):6636-6641.
[18]Campbell P G C.Interactions between trace metals and aquatic organisms:A critique of the free-ion activity model[J].Metal Speciation and Bioavailability,1994:45-102.
[19]Di Toro D M,Allen H E,Bergman H L,et al.Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals.1.Technical basis[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2001,20(10):2383-2396.
[20]Ardestani M M,van Straalen N M,van Gestel C A.The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms:A review[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,195:133-147.
[21]van Leeuwen H P,Town R M,Buffle J,et al.Dynamic speciation analysis and bioavailability of metals in aquatic systems[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(22):8545-8556.
[22]Degryse F,Smolders E,Zhang H,et al.Predicting availability of mineral elements to plants with the DGT technique:A review of experimental data and interpretation by modelling[J].Environmental Chemistry,2009,6(3):198-218.
[23]Degryse F,Smolders E,Merckx R.Labile Cd complexes increase Cd availability to plants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(3):830-836.
[24]Degryse F,Smolders E.Cadmium and nickel uptake by tomato and spinach seedlings:Plant or transport control?[J].Environmental Chemistry,2012,9(1):48-54.
[25]Oporto C,Smolders E,Degryse F,et al.DGT-measured fluxes explain the chloride-enhanced cadmium uptake by plants at low but not at high Cd supply[J].Plant and Soil,2009,318(1):127-135.
[26]Wang P,Zhou D M,Luo X S,et al.Effects of Zn-complexes on zinc uptake by wheat(Triticum aestivum)roots:A comprehensive consideration of physical,chemical and biological processes on biouptake[J].Plant and Soil,2009,316(1/2):177-192.
[27]Guan D X,Williams P N,Xu H C,et al.High-resolution measurement and mapping of tungstate in waters,soils and sediments using the lowdisturbance DGT sampling technique[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,316:69-76.
[28]Lehto N J,Davison W,Zhang H,et al.Theoretical comparison of how soil processes affect uptake of metals by diffusive gradients in thinfilms and plants[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2006,35(5):1903-1913.
[29]Lehto N J,Davison W,Zhang H,et al.Analysis of micro-nutrient behaviour in the rhizosphere using a DGT parameterised dynamic plant uptake model[J].Plant and Soil,2006,282(1/2):227-238.
[30]罗军,王晓蓉,张昊,等.梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)的理论及其在环境中的应用Ⅰ:工作原理、特性与在土壤中的应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(2):205-213.LUO Jun,WANG Xiao-rong,ZHANG Hao,et al.Theory and application of diffusive gradients in thin-films in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(2):205-213
[31]Zhang H,Zhao F J,Sun B,et al.A new method to measure effective soil solution concentration predicts copper availability to plants[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(12):2602-2607.
[32]Nawara S,Van Dael T,Merckx R,et al.A comparison of soil tests for available phosphorus in long-term field experiments in Europe[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68(6):873-885.
[33]Dai Y,Nasir M,Zhang Y,et al.Comparison of DGT with traditional methods for assessing cadmium bioavailability to Brassica chinensis in different soils[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):14206.
[34]Zhang S,Song J,Gao H,et al.Improving prediction of metal uptake by Chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinensis L.)based on a soil-plant stepwise analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,569/570:1595-1605.
[35]Cai C,Williams P N,Li H,et al.Development and application of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique for the measurement of nitrate in soils[J].Analytical Chemistry,2017,89(2):1178-1184.
[36]房煦,罗军,高悦,等.梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGT)的理论及其在环境中的应用Ⅱ:土壤与沉积物原位高分辨分析中的方法与应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(9),1693-1702.FANG Xu,LUO Jun,GAO Yue,et al.Theory and application of diffusive gradients in thin-films in the environment:High-resolution analysis and its applications in soils and sediments[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(9):1693-1702.
[37]Slaveykova V I,Karadjova I B,Karadjov M,et al.Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in surface waters of the black sea coastal area evaluated by HF-PLM and DGT[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(6):1798-1803.
[38]Schintu M,Marras B,Durante L,et al.Macroalgae and DGT as indicators of available trace metals in marine coastal waters near a lead zinc smelter[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,167(1):653-661.
[39]Vannuci-Silva M,de Souza J M,de Oliveira F F,et al.Bioavailability of metals at a southeastern brazilian coastal area of high environmental concern under anthropic influence:Evaluation using transplanted bivalves(Nodipecten nodosus)and the DGT technique[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2017,228(6):222.
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