准噶尔盆地南缘托斯台沟剖面三工河组河道砂体建筑结构
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摘要
辫状河砂体是重要的油气储集层,研究其内部结构特征对油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。通过准噶尔盆地南缘托斯台沟辫状河露头实测、岩石相分析以及建筑结构要素精细解剖,总结出6种岩石相,划分出5级层级界面,识别出稳定水流河道、高流态河道、砂坝、废弃河道充填和泛滥平原5种4级建筑结构单元,分别以St—Spx—Sp—Sr,St—St—St,St—Spx—St—Sr,St—Sr—Fl和Sr—Fl—M岩石相组合为特征,并根据各级结构单元和层级界面特征,识别出泛滥平原泥、河道间泥、砂坝内部泥和交错层理层面泥4类泥质夹层。研究表明,目的层段为典型的砂质辫状河沉积,表现为下粗上细、水体能量逐渐减弱的多期、多旋回特征;辫状河砂体中,槽状交错层理砂岩相和板状交错层理砂岩相最为稳定,是构成优势储集单元的基本要素,其中高流态河道和砂坝是有利的储集结构单元,这两类结构单元形成的河道砂体厚度大、侧向连续性好、非均质性较弱,利于油气聚集成藏,是辫状河最为有利的储集层段。
The braided river sand body is a kind of important oil and gas reservoir and its internal structural features have guiding effects on oil and gas exploration. Based on the braided river outcrop survey, lithofacies analysis and architectural element analysis of the Tuositai gully in the southern margin of Junggar basin, 6 types of lithofacies are summarized,and 5 levels of bounding interfaces are divided,and 5 types of 4-level architectural structural units are identified including stable flow channel, high flow regime channel, sand bar, abandoned channel filling and floodplain, which are characterized by the lithofacies assemblages of St-Spx-Sp-Sr, St-St-St, St-Spx-St-Sr, St-Sr-Fl and Sr-Fl-M, respectively. According to the characteristics of each structural unit and its bounding surface, 4 types of muddy interlayer such as mud in floodplain, interchannel mud, mud within sand bar and mud in cross-bedding layer are identified. The study results show that the target stratum is a typical sandy braided river deposit characterized by multiple periods and cycles with coarse grain in the lower and fine grain in the upper and gradually decreased flow energy. In the braided river sand body, the St and Sp lithofacies are the most stable, which are the basic elements of dominant reservoir units. The high flow channel and sand bar are favorable reservoir structural units. The sand bodies formed by these two types of structural units are featured with large thickness, good lateral continuity and weak heterogeneity, which are conducive to oil and gas accumulation and can be the most favorable intervals in braided river reservoirs.
The braided river sand body is a kind of important oil and gas reservoir and its internal structural features have guiding effects on oil and gas exploration. Based on the braided river outcrop survey, lithofacies analysis and architectural element analysis of the Tuositai gully in the southern margin of Junggar basin, 6 types of lithofacies are summarized,and 5 levels of bounding interfaces are divided,and 5 types of 4-level architectural structural units are identified including stable flow channel, high flow regime channel, sand bar, abandoned channel filling and floodplain, which are characterized by the lithofacies assemblages of St-Spx-Sp-Sr, St-St-St, St-Spx-St-Sr, St-Sr-Fl and Sr-Fl-M, respectively. According to the characteristics of each structural unit and its bounding surface, 4 types of muddy interlayer such as mud in floodplain, interchannel mud, mud within sand bar and mud in cross-bedding layer are identified. The study results show that the target stratum is a typical sandy braided river deposit characterized by multiple periods and cycles with coarse grain in the lower and fine grain in the upper and gradually decreased flow energy. In the braided river sand body, the St and Sp lithofacies are the most stable, which are the basic elements of dominant reservoir units. The high flow channel and sand bar are favorable reservoir structural units. The sand bodies formed by these two types of structural units are featured with large thickness, good lateral continuity and weak heterogeneity, which are conducive to oil and gas accumulation and can be the most favorable intervals in braided river reservoirs.
引文
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[14]印森林,吴胜和,陈恭洋,等.基于砂砾质辫状河沉积露头隔夹层研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(4):29-36.YIN Senlin,WU Shenghe,CHEN Gongyang,et al.A study on intercalation of sand-gravel braided river deposit based on outcrop section[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(4):29-36.
[15]赵康,双棋,王兵,等.准噶尔盆地南缘阿尔钦沟剖面八道湾组河道砂体构型[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):530-536.ZHAO Kang,SHUANG Qi,WANG Bing,et al.Architecture of channel sand body in Baodaowan formation of Aerqingou in southern margin of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):530-536.
[16]王居峰,邓宏文,蔡希源.准噶尔盆地腹部下侏罗统三工河组沉积体系[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(2):137-141.WANG Jufeng,DENG Hongwen,CAI Xiyuan.Despositional system of Sangonghe formation of Lower Jurassic in hinterland of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2005,26(2):137-141.
[17]张曰静.准噶尔盆地腹部下侏罗统三工河组物源体系分析[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(5):540-542.ZHANG Yuejing.Provenance analysis of Jurassic Sangonghe formation in hinterland of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(5):540-542.
[18]朱文,吴朝东,王家林,等.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷三叠系物源及其构造意义[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):512-518.ZHU Wen,WU Chaodong,WANG Jialin,et al.Triassic provenance and its tectonic significance in Sikeshu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):512-518.
[19]孟翠萍,朱美衡,杨晓梅,等.准噶尔盆地中央坳陷侏罗系三工河组沉积相与层序地层研究[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(2):27-31.MENG Cuiping,ZHU Meiheng,YANG Xiaomei,et al.Division of sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy of Jurassic Sangonghe formation in the center of Junggar basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(2):27-31.
[20]方世虎,郭召杰,吴朝东,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系碎屑成分特征及其对构造属性、盆山格局的指示意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):196-209.FANG Shihu,GUO Zhaojie,WU Chaodong,et al.Jurassic clastic composition in the southern Junggar basin,northwest China:implication for basin-range pattern and tectonic attributes[J].Acta Geology Sinica,2006,80(2):196-209.
[2]ALLEN J R L.Studies in fluviatile sedimentation:bars,bar complexes and sandstone sheets(lower-sinuosity braided streams)in the Brownstones(L.Devonian),Welsh Borders[J].Sediment Geology,1983,33(4):237-293.
[3]MIALL A D.Architecture elements analysis:a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Review,1985,22(2):261-308.
[4]MIALL A D.Architecture elements and bounding surfaces in fluvial deposits:anatomy of the Kayenta formation(Lower Jurassic),southwest Corolado[J].Sedimentary Geology,1988,55(3-4):233-262.
[5]MIALL A D.The geology of fluvial deposits:sedimentary facies,basin analysis and petroleum geology[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1996:57-98.
[6]张昌民.储层研究中的层次分析法[J].石油与天然气地质,1992,13(3):344-350.ZHANG Changmin.Hierarchy analysis in reservoir researches[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1992,13(3):344-350.
[7]徐中波,申春生,陈玉琨,等.砂质辫状河储层构型表征及其对剩余油的控制--以渤海海域P油田为例[J].沉积学报,2016,34(2):375-385.XU Zhongbo,SHEN Chunsheng,CHEN Yukun,et al.Architecture characterization for sandy braided river reservoir and controlling factors of remaining oil distribution:a case study of P oilfield(Neogene),Bohai offshore,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(2):375-385.
[8]金振奎,杨有星,尚建林,等.辫状河砂体构型及定量参数研究--以阜康、柳林和延安地区辫状河露头为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):311-317.JIN Zhenkui,YANG Youxing,SHANG Jianlin,et al.Sandbody architecture and quantitative parameters of single channel sandbodies of braided river:cases from outcrops of braided river in Fukang,Liulin and Yan’an areas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(3):311-317.
[9]陈彬滔,于兴河,王天奇,等.砂质辫状河岩相与构型特征--以山西大同盆地中侏罗统云冈组露头为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):111-117.CHEN Bintao,YU Xinghe,WANG Tianqi,et al.Lithofacies and architecture characteristic of sandy braided river deposits:a case from outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Yungang formation in the Datong basin,Shanxi province[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):111-117.
[10]孙天建,穆龙新,吴向红,等.砂质辫状河储集层构型表征方法--以苏丹穆格莱特盆地Hegli油田为例[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):715-724.SUN Tianjian,MU Longxin,WU Xianghong,et al.A quantitative method of architectural characterization of sandy braided-river reservoirs:taking Hegli oilfield of Muglad basin in Sudan as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):715-724.
[11]张昌民,尹太举,赵磊,等.辫状河储层内部建筑结构分析[J].地质科技情报,2013,32(4):7-13.ZHANG Changmin,YIN Taiju,ZHAO Lei,et al.Reservoir architectural analysis of braided channel[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(4):7-13.
[12]张可,吴胜和,冯文杰,等.砂质辫状河心滩坝的发育演化过程探讨--沉积数值模拟与现代沉积分析启示[J].沉积学报,2018,36(1):81-91.ZHANG Ke,WU Shenghe,FENG Wenjie,et al.Discussion on evolution of bar in sandy braided river:insights from sediment numerical simulation and modern bar[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2018,36(1):81-91.
[13]秦国省,胡文瑞,宋新民,等.砾质辫状河构型及隔夹层分布特征--以准噶尔盆地西北缘八道湾组露头为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(5):1 124-1 136.QIN Guosheng,HU Wenrui,SONG Xinmin,et al.Gravel braided river architecture and inter-layers distribution:a case study of Jurassic Badaowan formation outcrop in the northwest of Junggar basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(5):1 124-1 136.
[14]印森林,吴胜和,陈恭洋,等.基于砂砾质辫状河沉积露头隔夹层研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(4):29-36.YIN Senlin,WU Shenghe,CHEN Gongyang,et al.A study on intercalation of sand-gravel braided river deposit based on outcrop section[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(4):29-36.
[15]赵康,双棋,王兵,等.准噶尔盆地南缘阿尔钦沟剖面八道湾组河道砂体构型[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):530-536.ZHAO Kang,SHUANG Qi,WANG Bing,et al.Architecture of channel sand body in Baodaowan formation of Aerqingou in southern margin of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):530-536.
[16]王居峰,邓宏文,蔡希源.准噶尔盆地腹部下侏罗统三工河组沉积体系[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(2):137-141.WANG Jufeng,DENG Hongwen,CAI Xiyuan.Despositional system of Sangonghe formation of Lower Jurassic in hinterland of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2005,26(2):137-141.
[17]张曰静.准噶尔盆地腹部下侏罗统三工河组物源体系分析[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(5):540-542.ZHANG Yuejing.Provenance analysis of Jurassic Sangonghe formation in hinterland of Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(5):540-542.
[18]朱文,吴朝东,王家林,等.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷三叠系物源及其构造意义[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):512-518.ZHU Wen,WU Chaodong,WANG Jialin,et al.Triassic provenance and its tectonic significance in Sikeshu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):512-518.
[19]孟翠萍,朱美衡,杨晓梅,等.准噶尔盆地中央坳陷侏罗系三工河组沉积相与层序地层研究[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(2):27-31.MENG Cuiping,ZHU Meiheng,YANG Xiaomei,et al.Division of sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy of Jurassic Sangonghe formation in the center of Junggar basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(2):27-31.
[20]方世虎,郭召杰,吴朝东,等.准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系碎屑成分特征及其对构造属性、盆山格局的指示意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):196-209.FANG Shihu,GUO Zhaojie,WU Chaodong,et al.Jurassic clastic composition in the southern Junggar basin,northwest China:implication for basin-range pattern and tectonic attributes[J].Acta Geology Sinica,2006,80(2):196-209.