中国城市网络中心性的影响因素及形成机理——基于上市公司500强企业网络视角

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英文篇名：Determinants and mechanisms of degree centrality in the urban network in China:A study based on corporate networks of the largest 500 listed companies 作者：盛科荣 ; 杨雨 ; 孙威 英文作者：SHENG Kerong;YANG Yu;SUN Wei;Economic School, Shandong University of Technology;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS;College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 关键词：生产分割 ; 城市网络 ; 择优选择 ; 偏好依附 ; 中国 英文关键词：production fragmentation;;urban network;;selecting superior actors;;preferential attachment;;China 中文刊名：DLKJ 英文刊名：Progress in Geography 机构：山东理工大学经济学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院; 出版日期：2019-02-26 13:41 出版单位：地理科学进展 年：2019 期：v.38 基金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771173,41871117)~~ 语种：中文; 页：DLKJ201902008 页数：11 CN：02 ISSN：11-3858/P 分类号：98-108

摘要

利用2016年中国上市公司500强企业网络数据和隶属联系模型构建中国城市网络,在解析城市网络中心性结构特征的基础上,定量识别与测度了中国城市网络中心性空间分异的影响因素,在"行为—结构—绩效"分析框架下探索性解析了城市网络中心性的形成机理。研究发现:城市出度中心性体系呈现"香港-北京"双核结构特征,中介度体系呈现以北京为首位城市的首位分布特征,入度中心性体系则呈现多核心结构特征;市场潜力、关键资源、区位条件和经营环境等城市属性特征对于城市网络中心性具有显著正向影响,不同维度中心性特征对于不同类型影响因素的敏感性存在差异;择优选择、偏好依附和网络邻近是中国城市网络中心性发育的动力机制,这将进一步强化具有传统优势城市的网络地位。在网络发展环境下,中国城市化政策和城市治理体系需要作出相应调整,中国政府必须积极应对网络环境下的城市间发展差距,并在更大空间尺度上推动城市之间的网络合作。
        This article aims to analyze the determinants and mechanisms of network power and position of cities for developing urban network theory and improving urbanization policy in China. Data on headquarter and branch locations of the largest 500 listed companies in China in 2016 were subjected to ownership linkage model to approximate the urban network, resulting in a 294×294 valued urban network. Three conclusions are drawn:1) Outdegree centrality presents a dual core spatial structure, betweeness has a primate distribution, and indegree centrality is a multi-core system. These three measurements of centrality have a strong spatial correlation, and the cities with high centrality values are densely concentrated in the traditional urban agglomerations. 2) City attributes such as market potential, key resources, location condition, and business environment have a significant positive impact on the centrality of urban network, and the sensitivity of different centrality characteristics to various types of influencing factors is different. 3) Selecting superior actors, preferential attachment, and geographical proximity are the dynamic mechanisms in the expansion of urban network space in China, which will further strengthen the power of cities with traditional advantages. The Chinese government must actively respond to the possibly increasing gap between cities under the network environment and promote the cooperation between cities on a larger spatial scale.

引文

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    (1)需要指出的是:本文中公司总部所在城市指的是办公地址而不是注册地址,分支机构指存在投资关系的公司,包括独资公司、控股公司以及普通法人持股公司;本文剔除了那些遍在性的分支机构,如中国石油化工股份有限公司在全国各地都有加油站,中国工商银行在全国都有营业所,这些遍在性的分支机构并不具有研究意义;启信宝网站的数据根据大数据挖掘而形成,部分数据存在失真的问题,本文根据公司年报对启信宝的数据进行了校准,确保了样本数据的可靠性。
    (2)截至2017年,中国大陆地级行政区共计334个,292个城市中不包括30个自治州、8个地区、3个盟以及三沙市;香港特别行政区是86家上市公司的总部基地,昌吉回族自治州是特变电工股份有限公司的总部所在地,所以香港和昌吉州进入分析样本。
    (3)4个统计指标定义如下:出度首位度定义为首位城市出度值占整个城市网络出度总和的比重;10城市指数描述了前10个出度最大城市出度值之和的比重;赫芬达尔—赫希曼指数定义为城市出度占比的平方之和,该指数位于1和1/294(约为0.0034)之间,数值越大表明城市出度分布的不均匀度越高;捷夫q指数的拟合方程为:ln(outdegreej)=ln(cont)-qln(rankj)+uj,其中outdegree和rankj分别为城市的出度和位序,count和uj分别为常数项和残差项。在后面中介度和入度的空间统计分析中,4个统计指标按照同样的思路进行定义。
    (4)详细推导过程参见Amiti等(2005)。
    (5)数据引自http://www.niehuihua.com/a/chuban/487.html。城市政商关系在时间序列上具有相对稳定性,因此用2017年的政商关系排行指标数据作为因变量不会产生较大的偏差。
    (6)Factor5没有通过显著性检验,这可能是由于2个原因造成的:一是职工工资既反映劳动者生产效率,又反映企业的经营成本,这2个效应可能相互抵消了;二是中国城市经济正在转型过程中,职工工资受到政治因素和地区特殊资源条件等的深刻影响。关于这个问题,有待于进一步探讨。