脱灰材料性质的关键影响因素研究
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摘要
采用硫酸铵、少氨脱灰剂(硫酸铵25%)、硼酸、含硼脱灰剂(硼酸50%)和己二酸对浸灰牛皮进行脱灰。结果表明:因为硫酸铵和硼酸的pKa=9.2,所以硫酸铵、少氨脱灰剂、硼酸和含硼脱灰剂能与灰皮中的灰碱作用后形成pH 8～9的缓冲系统,并快速渗透灰皮,得到柔软的脱灰裸皮;而己二酸因pKa=4.4,在脱灰过程中无法形成pH 8～9的缓冲系统,渗透性较差,制得的脱灰裸皮柔软度也欠佳。由此可见,全部或部分选用pKa9左右的酸性物质作为脱灰材料对开发性能更优的无氨无硼脱灰剂具有重要意义。
The limed cattle hide pelts were delimed with ammonium sulfate, low-ammonia deliming agent(ammonium sulfate 25%), boric acid, boron-containing deliming agent(boric acid 50%) and adipic acid. The results showed that ammonium sulfate, low-ammonia deliming agent, boric acid and boron-containing deliming agent formed pH 8-9 buffer systems after reacting with lime and alkali in limed pelts because the pKa values of ammonium sulfate and boric acid are 9.2. Additionally, they penetrated limed pelts fastly and produced soft delimed pelts. Adipic acid did not form a buffer system of pH 8-9 during deliming due to its pKa of 4.4. Moreover, adipic acid penetrated relatively slowly,and the delimed pelt obtained was not soft enough. These results suggested that fully or partially using acidic components with a pKa about 9 is of great significance for development of ammonia-free and boron-free deliming agents with better performance.
The limed cattle hide pelts were delimed with ammonium sulfate, low-ammonia deliming agent(ammonium sulfate 25%), boric acid, boron-containing deliming agent(boric acid 50%) and adipic acid. The results showed that ammonium sulfate, low-ammonia deliming agent, boric acid and boron-containing deliming agent formed pH 8-9 buffer systems after reacting with lime and alkali in limed pelts because the pKa values of ammonium sulfate and boric acid are 9.2. Additionally, they penetrated limed pelts fastly and produced soft delimed pelts. Adipic acid did not form a buffer system of pH 8-9 during deliming due to its pKa of 4.4. Moreover, adipic acid penetrated relatively slowly,and the delimed pelt obtained was not soft enough. These results suggested that fully or partially using acidic components with a pKa about 9 is of great significance for development of ammonia-free and boron-free deliming agents with better performance.
引文
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[20] Sirvaityte J, Valeika V, Beleska K, et al. Action of peracetic acid on calcium in limed pelt[J]. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, 2007, 91(3):123-127.
[21] Wang Y N, Zeng Y H, Liao X P, et al. Removal of calcium from pelt during bating process:an effective approach for non-ammonia bating[J]. Journal-American Leather Chemists Association, 2013, 108(4):120-127.
[2]魏俊飞,马宏瑞,郗引引.制革工段废水中COD、氨氮和总氮的分布与来源分析[J].中国皮革,2008,37(17):35-37.
[3]丁绍兰,雷小利,李玲.制革废水氨氮处理技术研究进展[J].皮革科学与工程,2010,20(1):26-28.
[4]焦翔.制革废水处理工艺运行优化研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2017:9-10.
[5]孔纤,曾运航,郭潇佳,等.少氨脱灰——一种实用的氨氮减排技术[J].皮革科学与工程,2016,26(1):5-9.
[6]卢加洪,曾运航,廖学品,等.硼酸、柠檬酸及商品无/低铵盐脱灰剂的脱灰效果比较[J].中国皮革,2011,40(1):12-15.
[7] Zeng Y H,Wang Y N,Song Y,et al.A Cleaner deliming process using sodium gluconate for reduction in nitrogen pollution in leather manufacture[J].Journalof the American Leather Chemists Association,2018,113(1):19-25.
[8]曾运航,王维娟,廖学品,等.无氨脱灰工艺研究——硼酸脱灰[J].中国皮革,2010,39(5):1-4.
[9] Zeng Y H,Lu J H,Liao X P,et al.Non-ammonia deliming using sodium hexametaphosphate and boric acid[J].Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association,2011,106(9):257-263.
[10]曾运航.制革酶助保毛脱毛和无氨脱灰技术[D].成都:四川大学,2013:100-108.
[11]周建飞,许晓红,金华意,等.一种无铵脱灰剂的开发及其应用研究[J].皮革科学与工程,2012,22(3):43-48.
[12]邓维钧,陈亮,胡静.常态二氧化碳在制革脱灰中的应用进展[J].中国皮革,2013,42(1):51-55.
[13] Kolomaznik K,Blaha A,Dedrle T,et al.Non-ammonia deliming of cattle hides with magnesium lactate[J].Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association,1996,91(1):18-20.
[14]强西怀,汤晓进,张辉.利用磺化邻苯二甲酸镁盐进行无铵脱灰的技术研究[J].皮革与化工,2011,28(6):1-4.
[15] Colak S M,Kili?E.Deliming with weak acids:effects on leather quality and effluent[J].Journal Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists,2008,92(3):120-123.
[16] Yun J K,Pak J H,Cho D K,et al.碳酸酯无氮脱灰剂的合成及应用[C].国际皮革科技会议论文选编(2004-2005).中国皮革协会,2005:183-187.
[17]李闻欣,叶宇轩,刘刚.一种无铵脱灰剂的应用研究[J].中国皮革,2012,(21):8-10.
[18] Wang Y N,Zeng Y H,Zhou J F,et al.An integrated cleaner beamhouse process for minimization ofnitrogen pollution in leather manufacture[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,112:2-8.
[19]马贺伟.胶原纤维重组制革中的关键科学问题[D].成都:四川大学,2007:153-155.
[20] Sirvaityte J, Valeika V, Beleska K, et al. Action of peracetic acid on calcium in limed pelt[J]. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, 2007, 91(3):123-127.
[21] Wang Y N, Zeng Y H, Liao X P, et al. Removal of calcium from pelt during bating process:an effective approach for non-ammonia bating[J]. Journal-American Leather Chemists Association, 2013, 108(4):120-127.