饲粮添加低聚木糖对肥育猪血浆生化参数和肉品质的影响
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摘要
为研究低聚木糖对肥育猪血浆生化参数和肉品质的影响,本试验选取平均体重为65 kg的三元杂交猪50头,随机分为5组,每组10头,公、母各半,单栏饲养。试验设置对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素组(在每吨基础饲粮中添加0.2 kg抗敌素和0.04 kg有效含量为50%的维吉尼亚霉素预混剂)、低聚木糖组(在基础饲粮中分别添加100、250、500 g/t低聚木糖)。于试猪平均体重达100 kg时,前腔静脉采血,分离血浆,测定生化参数;屠宰后取背最长肌,测定肉品质、肌纤维类型和肌肉生长相关基因表达量。结果表明:与对照组或抗生素组相比,添加100 g/t低聚木糖可显著增加碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05),添加100、250 g/t低聚木糖可显著降低白蛋白/球蛋白(P<0.05);添加低聚木糖可显著提高背最长肌粗蛋白质含量,添加100 g/t或500 g/t低聚木糖可显著增加背最长肌中赖氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸、必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P<0.05),添加100 g/t或250 g/t低聚木糖可显著上调背最长肌中生肌决定因子和肌肉生长抑制素表达量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加低聚木糖可调控机体氮代谢相关生化参数、增加肌肉粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量、上调生肌决定因子和肌肉生长抑制素表达量,进而改善肉品质和营养价值,且添加100 g/t时效果较佳。
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with xylo-oligosaccharide(XOS) on plasma biochemical parameters and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 50 Duroc×Large White×Landrace pigs with about 65 kg of initial body weight(BW) were randomly assigned to one of five groups with 10 pigs, and fed individually. The experimental groups included control group, antibiotic group, supplementation groups of 100, 250 or 500 g/t XOS. When the average BW of pigs reached about 100 kg, blood samples were collected by precaval vein, and then the plasma were obtained for analyzing biochemical parameters. The samples of longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle were collected, and meat quality, muscle chemical composition, m RNA expression levels of muscle fiber types and muscle growth-related genes were measured. The results showed that, when compared with the control or antibiotic group, dietary supplementation with 100 g/t XOS increased alkalinephosphatase activity(P<0.05), and supplementation with 100 or 250 g/t XOS decreased albumin/globulin(P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with XOS increased(P<0.05) the crude protein content of LD muscle(P<0.05); supplementation with 100 or 500 g/t XOS increased(P<0.05) the muscular contents of Lys, Thr, Leu, Ile, Ser, Ala, essential amino acid, fresh amino acid, and total amino acid; supplementation with 100 or 250 g/t XOS up-regulated(P<0.05) the m RNA expression of Myogenic Determination(My OD) and Myostatin(MSTN). Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with different doses of XOS can regulate nitrogen metabolism-related biochemical parameters, and improve the pork nutritional value via increasing the muscular contents of crude protein and amino acids, as well as upregulating the expression levels of My OD and MSTN genes, which improve the meat quality and nutritive value of pork; the efficiency of dietary supplementation with 100 g/t XOS is optimal in finishing pigs.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with xylo-oligosaccharide(XOS) on plasma biochemical parameters and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 50 Duroc×Large White×Landrace pigs with about 65 kg of initial body weight(BW) were randomly assigned to one of five groups with 10 pigs, and fed individually. The experimental groups included control group, antibiotic group, supplementation groups of 100, 250 or 500 g/t XOS. When the average BW of pigs reached about 100 kg, blood samples were collected by precaval vein, and then the plasma were obtained for analyzing biochemical parameters. The samples of longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle were collected, and meat quality, muscle chemical composition, m RNA expression levels of muscle fiber types and muscle growth-related genes were measured. The results showed that, when compared with the control or antibiotic group, dietary supplementation with 100 g/t XOS increased alkalinephosphatase activity(P<0.05), and supplementation with 100 or 250 g/t XOS decreased albumin/globulin(P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with XOS increased(P<0.05) the crude protein content of LD muscle(P<0.05); supplementation with 100 or 500 g/t XOS increased(P<0.05) the muscular contents of Lys, Thr, Leu, Ile, Ser, Ala, essential amino acid, fresh amino acid, and total amino acid; supplementation with 100 or 250 g/t XOS up-regulated(P<0.05) the m RNA expression of Myogenic Determination(My OD) and Myostatin(MSTN). Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation with different doses of XOS can regulate nitrogen metabolism-related biochemical parameters, and improve the pork nutritional value via increasing the muscular contents of crude protein and amino acids, as well as upregulating the expression levels of My OD and MSTN genes, which improve the meat quality and nutritive value of pork; the efficiency of dietary supplementation with 100 g/t XOS is optimal in finishing pigs.
引文
[1]印遇龙,孔祥峰,李铁军.新世纪我国畜禽养殖业面临的主要问题及应对措施[J].饲料工业,2007,28(14):1-5.
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[9]潘杰,韩丽,孔祥峰,等.低聚木糖对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2475-2481.
[10]Liu Y Y,Li F N,Kong X F,et al.Signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and amino acid concentration in pig skeletal muscles depend on the dietary protein level,strain and developmental stages[J].PLo S One,2015,10(9):e0138277.
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[12]谭兵兵,姬玉娇,孔祥峰,等.低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血浆生化参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2556-2563
[13]扶国才,罗有文,周岩民.低聚木糖对生长猪生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2009(1):221-222.
[14]侯改凤,李瑞,刘明,等.德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1814-1822.
[15]马彦博,白东英,董淑丽,等.果寡糖对固始鸡生产性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2006(20):16-18.
[16]徐海军,孔祥峰,印遇龙,等.日粮能量水平对肥育猪肌内脂肪含量、肌内和皮下脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(7):1019-1027.
[17]李阳,常文环,张姝,等.饲粮添加壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1450-1461.
[18]潘珂,孙汉,高智慧.蜂花粉多糖对肉鸡生长性能及肌肉化学成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2006,27(12):39-41.
[19]王建辉,贺建华,易宣,等.杜仲提取物对猪胴体品质及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(3):269-276
[20]Dai Z L,Wu G Y,Zhu W Y.Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria:links between gut ecology and host health[J].Front Biosci,2011,16:1768-1786.
[21]Blachier F,Mariotti F,Huneau J F,et al.Effects of amino acidderived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopathological consequences[J].Amino Acids,2007,33:547-562
[22]郭秋平,王文龙,李凤娜,等.低聚木糖对仔猪生长性能、肌肉组织营养成分含量及肌纤维类型组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2769-2776.
[23]Hu H M,Wang J Y,Zhu R S,et al.Effect of myosin heavy chain composition of muscles on meat quality in Laiwu pigs and Duroc[J].Sci China Ser C,2008,51(2):127-132.
[24]Genxi Z,Ying T,Tao Z,et al.Expression profiles and association analysis with growth traits of the Myo G and Myf5 genes in the Jinghai yellow chicken[J].Mol Biol Rep,2014,41(11):7331-7338.
[25]李帅,杨舒黎,苟潇,等.肌肉生成抑制素(MSTN)基因研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(2):60-63.
[2]Courtin C M,Swennen K,Verjans P,et al.Heat and p H stability of prebiotic arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides,xylooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides[J].Food Chem,2009,112(4):831-837.
[3]庄洪廷,魏书林,陈倩妮,等.低聚木糖的研究与应用[J].中国畜牧兽医,2007,34(12):25-27.
[4]Patel S,Goyal A.Functional oligosaccharides:production,properties and applications[J].World J Microb Biot,2011,27(5):1119-1128.
[5]杨海英,杨在宾,杨维仁,等.益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化酶活性、血液指标和肠道微生物的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(7):914-919.
[6]王继成,潘灵辉,李淑云,等.低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道菌群及免疫水平影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(5):3-7.
[7]王怀蓬,袁楷,乌日娜,等.低聚木糖(XOS)饲料添加剂对猪生产性能的影响[J].国外畜牧学·猪与禽,2008,28(3):78-79.
[8]韩丽,潘杰,孔祥峰,等.低聚木糖对生长肥育猪血浆生化参数、肌肉氨基酸含量和肌纤维类型组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1880-1886.
[9]潘杰,韩丽,孔祥峰,等.低聚木糖对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2475-2481.
[10]Liu Y Y,Li F N,Kong X F,et al.Signaling pathways related to protein synthesis and amino acid concentration in pig skeletal muscles depend on the dietary protein level,strain and developmental stages[J].PLo S One,2015,10(9):e0138277.
[11]Marinho M C,Pinho M A,Mascarenhas R D,et al.Effect of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation and ileo rectal anastomosis on intestinal morphology of weaned piglets[J].Livest Sci,2007,108(1):240-243.
[12]谭兵兵,姬玉娇,孔祥峰,等.低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血浆生化参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2556-2563
[13]扶国才,罗有文,周岩民.低聚木糖对生长猪生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2009(1):221-222.
[14]侯改凤,李瑞,刘明,等.德氏乳杆菌对育肥猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1814-1822.
[15]马彦博,白东英,董淑丽,等.果寡糖对固始鸡生产性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2006(20):16-18.
[16]徐海军,孔祥峰,印遇龙,等.日粮能量水平对肥育猪肌内脂肪含量、肌内和皮下脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(7):1019-1027.
[17]李阳,常文环,张姝,等.饲粮添加壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1450-1461.
[18]潘珂,孙汉,高智慧.蜂花粉多糖对肉鸡生长性能及肌肉化学成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2006,27(12):39-41.
[19]王建辉,贺建华,易宣,等.杜仲提取物对猪胴体品质及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(3):269-276
[20]Dai Z L,Wu G Y,Zhu W Y.Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria:links between gut ecology and host health[J].Front Biosci,2011,16:1768-1786.
[21]Blachier F,Mariotti F,Huneau J F,et al.Effects of amino acidderived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopathological consequences[J].Amino Acids,2007,33:547-562
[22]郭秋平,王文龙,李凤娜,等.低聚木糖对仔猪生长性能、肌肉组织营养成分含量及肌纤维类型组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2769-2776.
[23]Hu H M,Wang J Y,Zhu R S,et al.Effect of myosin heavy chain composition of muscles on meat quality in Laiwu pigs and Duroc[J].Sci China Ser C,2008,51(2):127-132.
[24]Genxi Z,Ying T,Tao Z,et al.Expression profiles and association analysis with growth traits of the Myo G and Myf5 genes in the Jinghai yellow chicken[J].Mol Biol Rep,2014,41(11):7331-7338.
[25]李帅,杨舒黎,苟潇,等.肌肉生成抑制素(MSTN)基因研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(2):60-63.