舰载机弹射起飞影响因素分析及侧向控制律设计
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摘要
针对舰载机弹射起飞安全性问题,对起飞过程中影响起飞安全的因素进行了详细分析,建立了舰载机离舰上升段的非线性六自由度运动模型,仿真研究了甲板的横摇、偏摆运动以及常值侧风干扰等因素对弹射起飞特性的影响。分析得出,对舰载机离舰后滚转和侧滑运动起主要影响的是甲板横摇运动和侧风干扰。设计了基于非线性动态逆方法的控制器以保留模型的非线性特征,实现对横侧向运动状态的解耦控制,效果更佳。仿真结果表明,设计的侧向控制律能够保证飞机的滚转角在离舰后3 s内满足不超过5°的安全准则要求,且不会因侧风干扰出现明显的侧滑现象,能够保证舰载机安全起飞。
The various factors affecting the carrier aircraft catapult take-off safety are analyzed in detail.The nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom motion model of the aircraft in climbing phase is established. The effect of the rolling and yaw motion and crosswind on the catapult take-off characteristics is simulated and analyzed,and it is found that the main influences on the rolling and side-slip movement of the carrier aircraft after leaving the ship are the deck rolling motion and crosswind disturbance respectively. The nonlinear dynamic inverse control method is proposed to keep the nonlinear features of the model,make the result more precise,and realize the decoupling control of directional and lateral motion states. The simulation result indicates that the designed lateral control law can ensure that the rolling angle of the aircraft meets the safety criterion of not exceeding 5° within 3 seconds after leaving the ship and that there will be no obvious side-slip phenomenon due to crosswind disturbance,which can guarantee the safe take-off of carrier aircraft.
The various factors affecting the carrier aircraft catapult take-off safety are analyzed in detail.The nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom motion model of the aircraft in climbing phase is established. The effect of the rolling and yaw motion and crosswind on the catapult take-off characteristics is simulated and analyzed,and it is found that the main influences on the rolling and side-slip movement of the carrier aircraft after leaving the ship are the deck rolling motion and crosswind disturbance respectively. The nonlinear dynamic inverse control method is proposed to keep the nonlinear features of the model,make the result more precise,and realize the decoupling control of directional and lateral motion states. The simulation result indicates that the designed lateral control law can ensure that the rolling angle of the aircraft meets the safety criterion of not exceeding 5° within 3 seconds after leaving the ship and that there will be no obvious side-slip phenomenon due to crosswind disturbance,which can guarantee the safe take-off of carrier aircraft.
引文
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[14]严重中,冯家波.舰载飞机弹射起飞上升段的自动控制飞行[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1995,27(4):431-438.YAN Z Z,FENG J B. Automatic control flight of shipborne aircraft ejection and take-up section[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1995,27(4):431-438(in Chinese).
[15]程世超.舰载机弹射起飞参数优化及自动控制飞行的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2012.CHENG S C. Study on parameters optimization and automatic control flight of aircraft launching and launching[D]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2012(in Chinese).
[16]Naval Air Systems Command. NATOPS flight manual navy model F/A-18E/F 165533 and up aircraft[M]. Washington,D.C.:Department of the Navy,2008.
[17]吴文海.飞行综合控制系统[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2007.WU W H. Flight integrated control system[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2007(in Chinese).
[18]COLLINSON R P G. Introduction to avionics systems[M]. Berlin:Springer,2009.
[19]LUCAS C B. Catapult criteria for a carrier-based airplane:AD702814[R]. Washington,D. C.:Naval Air Systems Command,1968.
[20]甄子洋,江驹,王新华,等.舰载机不同弹射系统的弹射过程[J].电光与控制,2012,19(5):7-10.ZHEN Z Y,JIANG J,WANG X H,et al. The ejection process of different ejection systems for carrier-based aircraft[J]. Electronics Optics&Control,2012,19(5):7-10(in Chinese).
[21]胡淑玲,林国锋.前起落架突伸对舰载机起飞特性的影响[J].飞行力学,1994(1):28-34.HU S L,LIN G F. Influence of the outrigger stretching on the takeoff characteristics of carrier aircraft[J]. Flight Dynamics,1994(1):28-34(in Chinese).
[22]郑本武.前起落架突伸对舰载飞机弹射起飞航迹的影响[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1994,26(1):27-33.ZHENG B W. Influence of the outrigger stretching on the cataclytic take-off track of shipborne aircraft[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1994,26(1):27-33(in Chinese).
[23]朱齐丹.航母舰载机安全起飞、着舰技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2016:86-87.ZHU Q D. Safe take-off and landing technology of aircraft carrier aircraft[M]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2016:86-87(in Chinese).
[24]韩英华,范彦铭.基于非线性动态逆的无人机自动着陆控制系统[J].航空学报,2008,29(增刊):66-72.HAN Y H,FAN Y M. Automatic landing control system for UAV based on nonlinear dynamic inversion[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(Sup.):66-72(in Chinese).
[2]王萌辉,赵波.舰载飞机起降动力学研究[J].飞机设计,1997(1):21-33.WANG M H,ZHAO B. Research on dynamics of shipborne aircraft taking off and landing[J]. Aircraft Design,1997(1):21-33(in Chinese).
[3]郭元江,李会杰,申功璋,等.复杂环境下舰载机弹射起飞环境因素建模分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(7):877-881.GUO Y J,LI H J,SHEN G Z,et al. Modeling and analysis of the factors of launching and taking off of carrier-based aircraft in complex environment[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011,37(7):877-881(in Chinese).
[4]贾忠湖,高永,韩维.航母纵摇对舰载机弹射起飞的限制研究[J].飞行力学,2002,20(2):19-21.JIA Z H,GAO Y,HAN W. Research on the limitation of aircraft carrier’s panning to the launch of shipborne aircraft[J]. Flight Dynamics,2002,20(2):19-21(in Chinese).
[5]蔡丽青,江驹,王新华,等.甲板运动对舰载机弹射起飞特性的影响[J].飞行力学,2014,32(2):105-109.CAI L Q,JIANG J,WANG X H,et al. Influence of deck motion on ejection characteristics of carrier aircraft[J]. Flight Dynamics,2014,32(2):105-109(in Chinese).
[6]王大海,苏彬.舰面运动对弹射起飞特性的影响[J].飞行力学,1994,12(1):57-63.WANG D H,SU B. The influence of ship surface motion on ejection takeoff characteristics[J]. Flight Dynamics,1994,12(1):57-63(in Chinese).
[7]贺少华,刘东岳,谭大力,等.载机舰船气流场相关研究综述[J].舰船科学技术,2014,36(2):1-7.HE S H,LIU D Y,TAN D L,et al. A review of research on airflow fields of carrier ships[J]. Ship Science and Technology,2014,36(2):1-7(in Chinese).
[8]林佳铭,张轶,乐挺,等.非对称因素对舰载机弹射起飞安全的影响[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2018,44(2):363-374.LIN J M,ZHANG Y,LE T,et al. Influence of asymmetry on the safety of launching takeoff of carrier aircraft[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2018,44(2):363-374(in Chinese).
[9]于浩,聂宏.偏中心定位对弹射过程中飞机姿态的影响[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(1):10-14.YU H,NIE H. The influence of off-center positioning on the attitude of the aircraft during the ejection process[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011,37(1):10-14(in Chinese).
[10]朱齐丹,刘恒,李晓琳.舰载机偏心情况下弹射起飞研究[J].飞行力学,2016,34(2):10-14.ZHU Q D,LIU H,LI X L. Research on catapult takeoff in shipborne engine eccentricity[J]. Flight Dynamics,2016,34(2):10-14(in Chinese).
[11]刘星宇,许东松,王立新.舰载飞机弹射起飞的机舰参数适配特性[J].航空学报,2010,31(1):102-108.LIU X Y,XU D S,WANG L X. Parameter adaptation characteristics of ship-based aircraft for catapult takeoff[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(1):102-108(in Chinese).
[12]朱熠.舰载机起飞控制与仿真技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012.ZHU Y. Research on take-off control and simulation technology of carrier aircraft[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012(in Chinese).
[13]朱熠,江驹,甄子洋,等.舰载机弹射起飞上升段控制律研究[J].电光与控制,2012,19(2):13-16.ZHU Y,JIANG J,ZHEN Z Y,et al. Research on control law of shipborne aircraft launching and rising section[J]. Electronics Optics&Control,2012,19(2):13-16(in Chinese).
[14]严重中,冯家波.舰载飞机弹射起飞上升段的自动控制飞行[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1995,27(4):431-438.YAN Z Z,FENG J B. Automatic control flight of shipborne aircraft ejection and take-up section[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1995,27(4):431-438(in Chinese).
[15]程世超.舰载机弹射起飞参数优化及自动控制飞行的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2012.CHENG S C. Study on parameters optimization and automatic control flight of aircraft launching and launching[D]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2012(in Chinese).
[16]Naval Air Systems Command. NATOPS flight manual navy model F/A-18E/F 165533 and up aircraft[M]. Washington,D.C.:Department of the Navy,2008.
[17]吴文海.飞行综合控制系统[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2007.WU W H. Flight integrated control system[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2007(in Chinese).
[18]COLLINSON R P G. Introduction to avionics systems[M]. Berlin:Springer,2009.
[19]LUCAS C B. Catapult criteria for a carrier-based airplane:AD702814[R]. Washington,D. C.:Naval Air Systems Command,1968.
[20]甄子洋,江驹,王新华,等.舰载机不同弹射系统的弹射过程[J].电光与控制,2012,19(5):7-10.ZHEN Z Y,JIANG J,WANG X H,et al. The ejection process of different ejection systems for carrier-based aircraft[J]. Electronics Optics&Control,2012,19(5):7-10(in Chinese).
[21]胡淑玲,林国锋.前起落架突伸对舰载机起飞特性的影响[J].飞行力学,1994(1):28-34.HU S L,LIN G F. Influence of the outrigger stretching on the takeoff characteristics of carrier aircraft[J]. Flight Dynamics,1994(1):28-34(in Chinese).
[22]郑本武.前起落架突伸对舰载飞机弹射起飞航迹的影响[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1994,26(1):27-33.ZHENG B W. Influence of the outrigger stretching on the cataclytic take-off track of shipborne aircraft[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1994,26(1):27-33(in Chinese).
[23]朱齐丹.航母舰载机安全起飞、着舰技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2016:86-87.ZHU Q D. Safe take-off and landing technology of aircraft carrier aircraft[M]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2016:86-87(in Chinese).
[24]韩英华,范彦铭.基于非线性动态逆的无人机自动着陆控制系统[J].航空学报,2008,29(增刊):66-72.HAN Y H,FAN Y M. Automatic landing control system for UAV based on nonlinear dynamic inversion[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(Sup.):66-72(in Chinese).