村庄建设规划实施效果评价研究——以临潭县长川乡敏家咀村建设规划为例
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摘要
当前政府主导的大量运动式村庄规划与建设虽具有规模广、见效快的特征,但着眼短期成效的政治诉求为村庄持续健康发展带来诸多负面影响,而村庄规划评价的缺失导致许多问题得不到纠正,使村庄规划与建设水平裹足不前。临潭县生态文明示范村建设规划具有我国运动式村庄规划建设的普遍特征,本文以其为研究对象,开展村庄建设规划实施效果评价研究,基于综合评价方法框架从评价主体、评价目的、评价内容、评价标准和评价方法5个方面界定村庄规划实施评价理论范式,构建包含执行评价、实效评价和社会评价3个领域的综合评价体系;并选取长川乡敏家咀村作为案例村开展实证研究,详细探究该村庄建设规划的实施成效及其原因,为增强规划效用提供建议,同时也为目前快节奏的村庄规划与建设的优化与改进提供参考。
At present, a large number of campaign-style government-led village planning and construction activities characterized by wide scale and quick results are carried out, whereas the pursuit for short-term effect out of political demand bring those villages amount of impact on sustainable and healthy development. Meanwhile, the lacking of village planning evaluation let many problems still in the air and limited the quality of village planning and construction. The construction planning of the eco-civilization demonstration village in Lintan County shows the general characteristics of the village planning and construction in China, so this paper takes it as an example and carries out the effect evaluation of village construction planning.Based on the framework of comprehensive evaluation method, this paper defines theory paradigm of evaluation on the implementation effectof village construction planning, and establishes a comprehensive evaluation system including executive evaluation, effect evaluation and social evaluation. And an empirical study is carried out to explore the effect of the village construction planning and its causes, in order to provide recommendations for enhancing the planning utility, as well as reference for the optimization and improvement of the current fast-paced village planning and construction.
At present, a large number of campaign-style government-led village planning and construction activities characterized by wide scale and quick results are carried out, whereas the pursuit for short-term effect out of political demand bring those villages amount of impact on sustainable and healthy development. Meanwhile, the lacking of village planning evaluation let many problems still in the air and limited the quality of village planning and construction. The construction planning of the eco-civilization demonstration village in Lintan County shows the general characteristics of the village planning and construction in China, so this paper takes it as an example and carries out the effect evaluation of village construction planning.Based on the framework of comprehensive evaluation method, this paper defines theory paradigm of evaluation on the implementation effectof village construction planning, and establishes a comprehensive evaluation system including executive evaluation, effect evaluation and social evaluation. And an empirical study is carried out to explore the effect of the village construction planning and its causes, in order to provide recommendations for enhancing the planning utility, as well as reference for the optimization and improvement of the current fast-paced village planning and construction.
引文
1 CARMONA M,SIEH L.Measuring Quality in Planning:Managing the Performance Process[M].UK:Routledge,2004.
2宋彦,江志勇,杨晓春,等.北美城市规划评估实践经验及启示[J].规划师,201 0(3):5-9.SONG Yan,JIANG Zhiyong,YANG Xiaochun,et al.Urban Plan Evaluation:Learning from American Examples[J].Planners,201 0(3):5-9.
3周国艳.城市规划评价及其方法:欧洲理论家与中国学者的前沿性研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2013.ZHOU Guoyan.Urban Planning Evaluation and Its Methods:A Frontier Study by European Theorists and Chinese Scholars[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2013.
4周国艳.西方城市规划效果评价的理论范式及其演进[J].城市规划,2012(11):58-66.ZHOU Guoyan.Theoretical Paradigms and Its Evolution on the Effectiveness Evaluation of Urban Planning in Western Countries[J].City Planning Review,2012(1 1):58-66.
5周国艳.纳撒尼尔·利奇菲尔德及其社会影响规划评价理论[J].城市规划,2010(8):79-83,ZHOU Guoyan.Nathaniel Lichfield and His Community Impact Evaluation Theory[J].City Planning Review,2010(8):79-83.
6 BACHTLER J,WREN C.Evaluation of European Union Cohesion Policy:Research Questions and Policy Challenges[J].Regional Studies,2006(2):1 43-1 53.
7 KUHN T S.The Structure of Scientific Revolutions[M].Chicago:University Of Chicago Press,1 996.
8 TALEN E.Do Plan Get Implemented? A Review of Evaluation in Planning[J].Journal of Planning Literature,1996(10):248-259.
9 ALEXANDER E R.Evaluation in Planning:Evolution and Prospects[M].England:Ashgate Publishing,2006.
10 CARMONA M,SIEH L.Measuring Quality in Planning:Managing the Performance Process[M].UK:Routledge,2004.
11 ALEXANDER E,FALUDI A.Planning and Plan Implementation:Notes on Evaluation Criteria[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,1989(1):127-140.
12赵蔚,赵民,汪军,等.城市重点地区空间发展的规划实施评估[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2013.ZHAO Wei,ZHAO Min,WANG Jun,et al.Planning Implementation Assessment of Spatial Development in Key Urban Areas[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,201 3.
13林立伟,沈山,江国逊.中国城市规划实施评估研究进展[J].规划师,2010(3):14-18.LIN Liwei,SHEN Shan,JIANG Guoxun.Urban Planning Implementation Evaluation Research Progress of China[J].Planners,201 0(3):14-18.
14林立伟,沈山,方雪.基于层次分析法的总体规划方案评估研究——以徐州总体规划(2007-2020)为例[J].苏州科技学院学报:工程技术版,2010(2):61-65.LIN Liwei,SHEN Shan,FANG Xue.A Study on Evaluation of Urban Master Planning Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process:A Case Study of Urban Master Planning of Xuzhou(2007-2020)[J].Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology(Engineering and Technology),201 0(2):61-65.
15周国艳.城市规划实施有效性评价:从关注结果转向关注过程的动态监控[J].规划师,201 3(6):24-28.ZHOU Guoyan.Urban Planning Implementation Efficacy Evaluation:From Result to Process Monitoring[J].Planners,201 3(6):24-28.
16周国艳.试析现行中国城市规划在地方层面实施的有效性及存在的问题——兼论大城市边缘开发区的规划控制[J].国际城市规划,2007(4):75-83.ZHOU Guoyan.An Analysis on the Effectiveness and the Problems of Contemporary Urban Planning Implementation at Local Levels in China:Specifically on Planning Control in Development Zones of Large City Urban Fringe Areas[J].Urban Planning International,2007(4):75-83.
17张兵.城市规划实效论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998.ZHANG Bing.Urban Planning Effectiveness[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,1998.
18孙施文,周宇.城市规划实施评价的理论与方法[J].城市规划汇刊,2003(2):15-20.SUN Shiwen,ZHOU Yu.The Theory and Method of Urban Planning Implementation Evaluation[J].Urban Planning Forum,2003(2):15-20.
19孙施文.现代城市规划理论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.SUN Shiwen.Modern Urban Planning Theory[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.
20赖世刚.城市规划实施效果评价研究综述[J].规划师,201 0(3):10-13.LAI Shigang.A Summary of Research on Evaluation of Urban Planning Implementation Effect[J].Planners,2010(3):10-13.
21张庭伟.技术评价,实效评价,价值评价——关于城市规划成果的评价[J].国际城市规划,2009(6):1-2.ZHANG Tingwei.On Plan Evaluation:Technical Assessment,Implementation Review,and Value Judgment[J].Urban Planning International,2009(6):1-2.
22屠李,赵鹏军,张超荣.我国城乡规划实施评估的问题与改进——基于公共政策视角[J].城市发展研究,2016(1):58-64.TU Li,ZHAO Pengjun,ZHANG Chaorong.Problems and Improvements in the Implementation Assessment of Urban and Rural Planning in China:Based on the Perspective of Public Policy[J].Urban Development Studies,2016(1):58-64.
23解瑶,张军民,单建树.近五年我国城市总体规划实施评估研究综述[J].上海城市规划,2015(6):21-26.XIE Yao,ZHANG Junmin,SHAN Jianshu.Research Summary of Master Urban Plan Implementation Evaluation of Recent Five Years in China[J].Shanghai Urban Planning,201 5(6):21-26.
2宋彦,江志勇,杨晓春,等.北美城市规划评估实践经验及启示[J].规划师,201 0(3):5-9.SONG Yan,JIANG Zhiyong,YANG Xiaochun,et al.Urban Plan Evaluation:Learning from American Examples[J].Planners,201 0(3):5-9.
3周国艳.城市规划评价及其方法:欧洲理论家与中国学者的前沿性研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2013.ZHOU Guoyan.Urban Planning Evaluation and Its Methods:A Frontier Study by European Theorists and Chinese Scholars[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2013.
4周国艳.西方城市规划效果评价的理论范式及其演进[J].城市规划,2012(11):58-66.ZHOU Guoyan.Theoretical Paradigms and Its Evolution on the Effectiveness Evaluation of Urban Planning in Western Countries[J].City Planning Review,2012(1 1):58-66.
5周国艳.纳撒尼尔·利奇菲尔德及其社会影响规划评价理论[J].城市规划,2010(8):79-83,ZHOU Guoyan.Nathaniel Lichfield and His Community Impact Evaluation Theory[J].City Planning Review,2010(8):79-83.
6 BACHTLER J,WREN C.Evaluation of European Union Cohesion Policy:Research Questions and Policy Challenges[J].Regional Studies,2006(2):1 43-1 53.
7 KUHN T S.The Structure of Scientific Revolutions[M].Chicago:University Of Chicago Press,1 996.
8 TALEN E.Do Plan Get Implemented? A Review of Evaluation in Planning[J].Journal of Planning Literature,1996(10):248-259.
9 ALEXANDER E R.Evaluation in Planning:Evolution and Prospects[M].England:Ashgate Publishing,2006.
10 CARMONA M,SIEH L.Measuring Quality in Planning:Managing the Performance Process[M].UK:Routledge,2004.
11 ALEXANDER E,FALUDI A.Planning and Plan Implementation:Notes on Evaluation Criteria[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,1989(1):127-140.
12赵蔚,赵民,汪军,等.城市重点地区空间发展的规划实施评估[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2013.ZHAO Wei,ZHAO Min,WANG Jun,et al.Planning Implementation Assessment of Spatial Development in Key Urban Areas[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,201 3.
13林立伟,沈山,江国逊.中国城市规划实施评估研究进展[J].规划师,2010(3):14-18.LIN Liwei,SHEN Shan,JIANG Guoxun.Urban Planning Implementation Evaluation Research Progress of China[J].Planners,201 0(3):14-18.
14林立伟,沈山,方雪.基于层次分析法的总体规划方案评估研究——以徐州总体规划(2007-2020)为例[J].苏州科技学院学报:工程技术版,2010(2):61-65.LIN Liwei,SHEN Shan,FANG Xue.A Study on Evaluation of Urban Master Planning Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process:A Case Study of Urban Master Planning of Xuzhou(2007-2020)[J].Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology(Engineering and Technology),201 0(2):61-65.
15周国艳.城市规划实施有效性评价:从关注结果转向关注过程的动态监控[J].规划师,201 3(6):24-28.ZHOU Guoyan.Urban Planning Implementation Efficacy Evaluation:From Result to Process Monitoring[J].Planners,201 3(6):24-28.
16周国艳.试析现行中国城市规划在地方层面实施的有效性及存在的问题——兼论大城市边缘开发区的规划控制[J].国际城市规划,2007(4):75-83.ZHOU Guoyan.An Analysis on the Effectiveness and the Problems of Contemporary Urban Planning Implementation at Local Levels in China:Specifically on Planning Control in Development Zones of Large City Urban Fringe Areas[J].Urban Planning International,2007(4):75-83.
17张兵.城市规划实效论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998.ZHANG Bing.Urban Planning Effectiveness[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,1998.
18孙施文,周宇.城市规划实施评价的理论与方法[J].城市规划汇刊,2003(2):15-20.SUN Shiwen,ZHOU Yu.The Theory and Method of Urban Planning Implementation Evaluation[J].Urban Planning Forum,2003(2):15-20.
19孙施文.现代城市规划理论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.SUN Shiwen.Modern Urban Planning Theory[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.
20赖世刚.城市规划实施效果评价研究综述[J].规划师,201 0(3):10-13.LAI Shigang.A Summary of Research on Evaluation of Urban Planning Implementation Effect[J].Planners,2010(3):10-13.
21张庭伟.技术评价,实效评价,价值评价——关于城市规划成果的评价[J].国际城市规划,2009(6):1-2.ZHANG Tingwei.On Plan Evaluation:Technical Assessment,Implementation Review,and Value Judgment[J].Urban Planning International,2009(6):1-2.
22屠李,赵鹏军,张超荣.我国城乡规划实施评估的问题与改进——基于公共政策视角[J].城市发展研究,2016(1):58-64.TU Li,ZHAO Pengjun,ZHANG Chaorong.Problems and Improvements in the Implementation Assessment of Urban and Rural Planning in China:Based on the Perspective of Public Policy[J].Urban Development Studies,2016(1):58-64.
23解瑶,张军民,单建树.近五年我国城市总体规划实施评估研究综述[J].上海城市规划,2015(6):21-26.XIE Yao,ZHANG Junmin,SHAN Jianshu.Research Summary of Master Urban Plan Implementation Evaluation of Recent Five Years in China[J].Shanghai Urban Planning,201 5(6):21-26.
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