黑龙江省嫩江地区亚洲玉米螟发生动态及利用赤眼蜂防治研究
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摘要
为明确气候变暖下亚洲玉米螟发生趋势,连续3年调查了黑龙江省嫩江县亚洲玉米螟越冬代成虫羽化进度和发生高峰期,同时应用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治嫩江县3个农场玉米田中玉米螟,结果表明,2014年亚洲玉米螟成虫出现的高峰期比2012年和2013年有所提前。释放赤眼蜂后玉米植株的被害率、折雄率、残虫率以及钻蛀率较未放蜂田均降低,玉米产量增加,防治效果明显。大西江农场、尖山农场和嫩北农场赤眼蜂防治效果分别为60%、66.7%和56.7%,比未放蜂田产量分别提高39.1、47.6和67.0 kg/667 m~2。3个农场平均防治效果为61.1%,产量平均提高51.2 kg/667 m~2。释放赤眼蜂防治玉米螟对提高玉米产量和品质、挽回经济损失,保护生态环境具有重要意义。
In order to clarify the new trend of Ostrinia furnacalis under the conditions of climate warming, emergence and peak emergence progress of overwintering adults of O.furnacalis in Nenjiang county of Heilongjiang province were investigated and Trichogramma dendrolimi was released to control O.furnacalis in corn fields in three farms of Nenjiang during 2012-2014. The results showed that the peak season of O.furnacalis emergence in 2014 was earlier than that in 2012 and 2013. Compared with those farms without T.dendrolimi releasing, the rate of damage, percentage of tassel broken, residual rate of insect and boring rate were all decreased, and the yield of corn increased, and the control effect was obvious. Control efficacies of T.dendrolimi against O.furnacalis on the Daxijiang farm, the Jianshan farm and the Nenbei farm were 60%, 66.7% and 56.7%, respectively, and the yield increased by 39.1 kg, 47.6 kg and 67.0 kg per 667 m~2, respectively, compared with that without T.dendrolimi releasing. The average control efficacy in the whole Nenjiang county was 61.1% and the average yield increased by 51.2 kg/667 m~2. Releasing T.dendrolimi is of great significance to control O.furnacalis, increase maize yield and quality, recover economic losses, and protect the ecological environment.
In order to clarify the new trend of Ostrinia furnacalis under the conditions of climate warming, emergence and peak emergence progress of overwintering adults of O.furnacalis in Nenjiang county of Heilongjiang province were investigated and Trichogramma dendrolimi was released to control O.furnacalis in corn fields in three farms of Nenjiang during 2012-2014. The results showed that the peak season of O.furnacalis emergence in 2014 was earlier than that in 2012 and 2013. Compared with those farms without T.dendrolimi releasing, the rate of damage, percentage of tassel broken, residual rate of insect and boring rate were all decreased, and the yield of corn increased, and the control effect was obvious. Control efficacies of T.dendrolimi against O.furnacalis on the Daxijiang farm, the Jianshan farm and the Nenbei farm were 60%, 66.7% and 56.7%, respectively, and the yield increased by 39.1 kg, 47.6 kg and 67.0 kg per 667 m~2, respectively, compared with that without T.dendrolimi releasing. The average control efficacy in the whole Nenjiang county was 61.1% and the average yield increased by 51.2 kg/667 m~2. Releasing T.dendrolimi is of great significance to control O.furnacalis, increase maize yield and quality, recover economic losses, and protect the ecological environment.
引文
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[16] 赵秀梅,张树权,李维艳,等.赤眼蜂防治玉米螟田间防效测定与评估[J].作物杂志,2010(2):93-94.
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[19] 罗宝君.黑龙江省应用赤眼蜂防治农业害虫的发展现状及展望[J].现代农业科技,2017(8):136-138.
[20] 石会波.寒地赤眼蜂防治玉米螟技术[J].吉林农业,2017(10):81.
[2] 胡志凤,孙文鹏,丛斌,等.亚洲玉米螟生物防治研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(10):145-149.
[3] 高圆圆,张玉涛,赵酉城,等.小型无人机低空喷洒在玉米田的雾滴沉积分布及对玉米螟的防治效果初探[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):152-157.
[4] 冯建国.松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟的效果及其影响因素[J].华东昆虫学报,1996,5(1):45-50.
[5] 祝小祥,苍涛,王彦华,等.三唑类杀菌剂对三种赤眼蜂成蜂的急性毒性及风险评估[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(6):688-695.
[6] 董艳娟.赤眼蜂防治玉米螟生物技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2013(7):187.
[7] 王振营,周大荣.应用赤眼蜂防治玉米螟[J].世界农业,1996(8):34-36.
[8] IPCC.IPCC fourth assessment report (AR4)[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[9] 张花龙,杨念婉,李有志,等.气候变暖对农业害虫及其天敌的影响[J].植物保护,2015,41(2):5-15.
[10] 张柱亭,类成平,孙嵬,等.气候变化对沈阳地区亚洲玉米螟发生世代的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,2(4):137-139.
[11] 戈峰.应对全球气候变化的昆虫学研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1117-1122.
[12] 杜尧,马春森,赵清华,等.高温对昆虫影响的生理生化作用机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1565-1572.
[13] 戈峰,陈法军.大气CO2浓度增加对昆虫的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):935-945.
[14] 王连霞,何康来,罗宝君,等.不同种类赤眼蜂对田间玉米螟的防治效果比较[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(9):69-72.
[15] 许建军,郭文超,何疆,等.新疆利用赤眼蜂防治玉米螟田间应用技术研究初报[J].新疆农业科学,2001,38(6):315-317.
[16] 赵秀梅,张树权,李维艳,等.赤眼蜂防治玉米螟田间防效测定与评估[J].作物杂志,2010(2):93-94.
[17] 张丽英.赤眼蜂对玉米螟防治技术研究[J].现代农业科学,2008(12):72-74.
[18] 王连霞.齐齐哈尔市玉米螟发生规律的演变及应用赤眼蜂防治技术的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[19] 罗宝君.黑龙江省应用赤眼蜂防治农业害虫的发展现状及展望[J].现代农业科技,2017(8):136-138.
[20] 石会波.寒地赤眼蜂防治玉米螟技术[J].吉林农业,2017(10):81.