废旧印刷线路板硝酸/盐酸/硫酸浸提过程中铜、铅、锌的相关性分析
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摘要
废旧印刷线路板(WPCBs)是电子垃圾资源化循环利用的核心问题,湿法浸提回收方法是WPCBs综合利用的有效方式之一。采用SPSS统计分析方法研究了WPCBs在盐酸、硫酸和硝酸浸提体系中有价金属铜和重金属铅、锌之间的相互作用。结果表明:WPCBs中有价金属铜和重金属铅、锌在硝酸、盐酸和硫酸浸提过程中,铜与锌、铜与铅、锌与铅均呈浸出统计学正相关,其中硝酸最高,硫酸最低;浸出相关性系数分别为硝酸:0.929,0.908,0.855;盐酸:0.927,0.629,0.713;硫酸:0.857,0.337,0.305。3种酸对铜、锌和铅的浸出作用依次为硝酸>盐酸>硫酸,铜、锌的相关性高于铜、铅与锌、铅,即WPCBs浸提过程中锌对铜的影响最大。该研究可为湿法浸提WPCBs过程中酸的选取、有价金属与重金属选择性浸出以及污染物控制提供理论支撑。
Waste printed circuit boards(WPCBs) is the key to the electronic waste cyclic utilization. Hydrometallurgy leaching is one of the cost-effective approaches. The correlations among copper,lead and zinc during WPCBs leaching processes by HCl,H_2SO_4 and HNO_3 were conducted by SPSS. The results show that Cu and Zn,Cu and Pb,Zn and Pb were positively correlated during these leaching processes,where the correlation coefficient is the highest using HNO_3 and the lowest was acquired using H_2SO_4 leaching system. The correlation coefficient of Cu and Zn,Cu and Pb,Zn and Pb in HNO_3,HCl and H_2SO_4 is 0. 929,0. 908,0. 855; 0. 927,0. 629,0. 713 and 0. 857,0. 337,0. 305 respectively. In general,the leaching effects of three acids on copper,zinc and lead in such order as HNO_3> HCl > H_2SO_4,andthe correlation between Cu and Zn is higher than that of Cu/Pb and Pb/Zn,that is,the impact of Zn on Cu or Cu on Zn leaching from WPCBs is much greater than that of Cu/Pb and Pb/Zn. The study provides theoretical support for the selection of acid in wet leaching WPCBs,the selective leaching of metal and heavy metals and the control of pollutants.
Waste printed circuit boards(WPCBs) is the key to the electronic waste cyclic utilization. Hydrometallurgy leaching is one of the cost-effective approaches. The correlations among copper,lead and zinc during WPCBs leaching processes by HCl,H_2SO_4 and HNO_3 were conducted by SPSS. The results show that Cu and Zn,Cu and Pb,Zn and Pb were positively correlated during these leaching processes,where the correlation coefficient is the highest using HNO_3 and the lowest was acquired using H_2SO_4 leaching system. The correlation coefficient of Cu and Zn,Cu and Pb,Zn and Pb in HNO_3,HCl and H_2SO_4 is 0. 929,0. 908,0. 855; 0. 927,0. 629,0. 713 and 0. 857,0. 337,0. 305 respectively. In general,the leaching effects of three acids on copper,zinc and lead in such order as HNO_3> HCl > H_2SO_4,andthe correlation between Cu and Zn is higher than that of Cu/Pb and Pb/Zn,that is,the impact of Zn on Cu or Cu on Zn leaching from WPCBs is much greater than that of Cu/Pb and Pb/Zn. The study provides theoretical support for the selection of acid in wet leaching WPCBs,the selective leaching of metal and heavy metals and the control of pollutants.
引文
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[25]CAMPBELL M.Two-tailed tests and a statistical significance at 0.05:what do they mean?[J].Midwifery,2004,20(2):142-143.
[2]高莉.关于完善我国电子废弃物回收市场的分析[J].工程技术:文摘版,2016,(9):00313.
[3]ZHOU Y,QIU K.A new technology for recycling materials from waste printed circuit boards[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175(1–3):823-828.
[4]马传净.湿法技术从废弃线路板中提取金银的研究[D].山东青岛:青岛科技大学,2015.
[5]李宏鹏.低温焙烧-高温熔炼法回收废旧线路板中有价金属[D].安徽合肥:安徽工业大学,2016.
[6]董仲珍,吴彩斌.机械物理法处理废弃线路板的研究进展[J].2008.
[7]曾伟民,朱海珍,叶子婕,等.生物湿法冶金技术回收废弃线路板中有价金属的研究进展[J].有色金属科学与工程,2013,(1):26-30.
[8]GHOSH B,GHOSH M K,PARHI P,et al.Waste Printed Circuit Boards recycling:an extensive assessment ofcurrent status[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,94:5-19.
[9]鲁云花,韩刘春.废旧电子垃圾回收的研究进展[J].中国粉体工业,2014,(4):7-11.
[10]王铭华,孟博,郭庆杰,等.电子废弃物资源化处理现状[J].中国粉体技术,2007,13(1):33-37.
[11]SUN Z H,XIAO Y,SIETSMA J,et al.Complex electronic waste treatment——An effective process to selectively recover copper with solutions containing different ammonium salts[J].Waste Management,2016,57:140.
[12]王继钦,陈梦君,张莎,等.离子液体对废旧印刷线路板中铜、锌、铅的浸出规律[J].化工环保,2017,37(2):232-236.
[13]姜忠尉.统计分析软件SPSS的特点和应用分析[J].中国证券期货,2012,(4):291.
[14]陆兵焱,陈友龙,李映颖.基于SPSS对试飞数据进行的相关性分析[J].科技信息,2009,(15):487-442.
[15]郑安怡.对城市化进程与金融发展的相关性分析——基于河南省2000-2013年度数据的SPSS分析[J].金融经济,2017,(18):119-120.
[16]杨亮.SPSS在环境地球化学中的应用[J].考试周刊,2016,(84):147-149.
[17]王婧,张娟,张勃.跨界路径——Spss在建筑评论中的应用研究[J].华中建筑,2015,(6):55-59.
[18]何立国,陈玉明,郭田友.基于SPSS软件包在心理统计实验中的开发与应用[J].实验科学与技术,2014,(1):46-48,72.
[19]张伟,汪杰.SPSS软件在心理学统计分析中的应用[J].中国教育技术装备,2008,(20):26-29.
[20]佟玉英,张景海.SPSS软件在心理学科研统计中的应用[J].黑龙江教育学院学报,2007,(8):67-68.
[21]SCHWARTZ V,KOELBEL M.Comparison of different digestion-methods for total element analysis of different soil types[J].Zeitschrift Fuer Pflanzenernaehrung Und Bodenkunde,1992.
[22]刘艳.在H2SO4-Cu SO4-Na Cl体系中从废印刷线路板(WPCBs)中提取金属[J].湿法冶金,2014,33(1):41.
[23]孙逸敏.利用SPSS软件分析变量间的相关性[J].新疆教育学院学报,2007,23(2):120-123.
[24]XIAO C,YE J,ESTEVES R M,et al.Using Spearman's correlation coefficients for exploratory data analysis on big dataset[J].Concurrency&Computation Practice&Experience,2016,28(14):3866-3878.
[25]CAMPBELL M.Two-tailed tests and a statistical significance at 0.05:what do they mean?[J].Midwifery,2004,20(2):142-143.