云南禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床中稀土矿物的发现及意义
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摘要
云南禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床是滇中地区著名的元古宙含铜富铁矿床之一,矿床中除了铁、铜等资源外,还伴生少量的稀土组分。本文利用国际上矿物与地质行业前沿的矿物自动分析测试方法——矿物表征自动定量分析系统(AMICS),结合扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)显微结构原位分析技术,完成了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物定量识别和鉴定,首次在禄丰鹅头厂铁铜矿床中发现了氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈矿、褐钇铌矿等独立的稀土矿物。其中,氟碳钙铈矿主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,分布极不均匀,局部富集,主要呈微细粒半自形至它形粒状晶体,多为微细粒的不规则粒状集合体,与磁铁矿间隙中的方解石和绿泥石等脉石矿物紧密共生,在氟碳钙铈矿颗粒中普遍含有呈板状或柱状、片状、针状的微细粒氟碳铈矿;褐钇铌矿也主要富集在条纹条带状矿石中,呈细小的不规则粒状,与铁氧化物边缘缝隙中的绿泥石等脉石矿物紧密共生。X射线能谱分析表明,氟碳钙铈矿和氟碳铈矿富含轻稀土元素,以Ce、Nd、La为主,含量一般Ce> La> Nd,含少量Pr、Y等元素;褐钇铌矿中主要金属元素有Nb、Y、Ce、Nd、Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca、U等,其中Nb的含量较高,稀土元素以Y为主,并含少量Ce、Nd等。稀土矿物的发现,对探讨该矿床及整个滇中地区前寒武纪(中元古代)铁-铜(-稀土)矿床的成因有着一定的指示意义。根据矿床中稀土-铁氧化物的产出特征和区域成矿地质背景,结合前人研究成果,认为鹅头厂矿床中稀土-铁氧化物的形成与Columbia超大陆裂解时的深部(地幔)岩浆活动有关,并受到多期次后期热液事件的叠加改造。
The Etouchang Fe-Cu deposit is one of the well-known Proterozoic copper-bearing iron deposits in central Yunnan Province. Besides Fe and Cu, rare earth elements( REEs) coexist in the deposit. In this study, the authors used the automated mineral identification and characterization system( AMICS), which is the most up-to-date mineral automatic analysis system in mineralogy and geology in the world, in combination with scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer( SEM-EDS) microstructure in-situ analysis technique, to perform quantitative mineral identification in the Etouchang Fe-Cu deposit, and obtained the undertaking unattainable by conventional means of rock-mineral identification. The authors found for the first time independent rare earth minerals( e. g., parisite, bastnaesite and fergusonite) in the ores from the Etouchang Fe-Cu deposit. Parisites are mainly concentrated in the banded magnetite ores, mainly exist as hypidiomorphic or allotriomorphic granular texture, irregular micro fine-grained granular aggregates, and are closely associated with gangue minerals such as calcite and chlorite, which are located in the marginal fissures of magnetites. And in the parisites, there exist widely distributed bastnaesite precipitates, which are mainly tabular or columnar, lamellar and acicular in form. Fergusonites are also mainly concentrated in the banded ores coexisting mainly with chlorites, and mainly exist as small fine-grained hypidiomorphic or allotriomorphic granular particles. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays show that parisites and bastnaesites are rich in light rare earth elements( LREEs), dominated by Ce, Nd and La, with the order of Ce > La> Nd generally. In addition, they contain a small amount of Pr and Y. Fergusonites contain many kinds of metallic elements such as Nb, Fe, Y, Ce, Nd, Ti, Mg, Ca and U, and the content of Nb in the mineral is relatively high( Nb = 39. 15% ～ 45. 03%), rare earth elements are mainly Y, with a small amount of Ce and Nd. The discovery of rare earth minerals in the ore has important implications for the study of the genesis of this deposit and Precambrian( Mesoproterozoic) Fe-Cu(-REE) deposits in central Yunnan Province. According to the generation characteristics of rare earth-iron oxides in the deposit and regional metallogenic geological background, combined with previous research results, the authors consider that the formation of rare earth-iron oxides of this deposit was related to the deep( mantle) magmatic activity during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent and was reformed and superimposed by the late hydrothermal event during the Grenville orogeny and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.
The Etouchang Fe-Cu deposit is one of the well-known Proterozoic copper-bearing iron deposits in central Yunnan Province. Besides Fe and Cu, rare earth elements( REEs) coexist in the deposit. In this study, the authors used the automated mineral identification and characterization system( AMICS), which is the most up-to-date mineral automatic analysis system in mineralogy and geology in the world, in combination with scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer( SEM-EDS) microstructure in-situ analysis technique, to perform quantitative mineral identification in the Etouchang Fe-Cu deposit, and obtained the undertaking unattainable by conventional means of rock-mineral identification. The authors found for the first time independent rare earth minerals( e. g., parisite, bastnaesite and fergusonite) in the ores from the Etouchang Fe-Cu deposit. Parisites are mainly concentrated in the banded magnetite ores, mainly exist as hypidiomorphic or allotriomorphic granular texture, irregular micro fine-grained granular aggregates, and are closely associated with gangue minerals such as calcite and chlorite, which are located in the marginal fissures of magnetites. And in the parisites, there exist widely distributed bastnaesite precipitates, which are mainly tabular or columnar, lamellar and acicular in form. Fergusonites are also mainly concentrated in the banded ores coexisting mainly with chlorites, and mainly exist as small fine-grained hypidiomorphic or allotriomorphic granular particles. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays show that parisites and bastnaesites are rich in light rare earth elements( LREEs), dominated by Ce, Nd and La, with the order of Ce > La> Nd generally. In addition, they contain a small amount of Pr and Y. Fergusonites contain many kinds of metallic elements such as Nb, Fe, Y, Ce, Nd, Ti, Mg, Ca and U, and the content of Nb in the mineral is relatively high( Nb = 39. 15% ～ 45. 03%), rare earth elements are mainly Y, with a small amount of Ce and Nd. The discovery of rare earth minerals in the ore has important implications for the study of the genesis of this deposit and Precambrian( Mesoproterozoic) Fe-Cu(-REE) deposits in central Yunnan Province. According to the generation characteristics of rare earth-iron oxides in the deposit and regional metallogenic geological background, combined with previous research results, the authors consider that the formation of rare earth-iron oxides of this deposit was related to the deep( mantle) magmatic activity during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent and was reformed and superimposed by the late hydrothermal event during the Grenville orogeny and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.
引文
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