异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食作用
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摘要
为明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对雪松长足大蚜Cinara cedri的捕食能力,采用捕食功能反应方法在室内测定了异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的捕食功能反应、寻找效应、种内干扰效应及环境温度对其捕食能力的影响。结果显示:异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜若蚜的捕食功能反应类型均属于Holling II型,成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食能力强于幼虫,幼虫的捕食能力随虫龄的增大而增强,1～4龄幼虫及成虫的日最大捕食量分别是11.41、41.32、61.73、140.85、188.68头;异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫及成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而下降,二者之间呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9758～0.9993,其中2龄幼虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度的增加,下降趋势最大,成虫则下降趋势最小;异色瓢虫成虫的捕食受到较强的种内干扰,在猎物密度和捕食空间一定的情况下,单头日平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而降低,二者间关系符合模型A=58.8391x~(-0.3313);异色瓢虫的捕食受环境温度影响明显,在15～35℃范围内,其成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食量先增加后减少,25℃是异色瓢虫最适宜的捕食温度。表明异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜有很强的捕食能力,尤其是成虫和高龄幼虫,但应用时还需考虑温度因素的影响。
To identify the predation capability of Harmonia axyridis to Cinara cedri, the functional responses of H. axyridis at different developmental stages to the 4 th-instar nymph of C. cedri, the searching effects, intraspecific interferences and the effects of environmental temperature on predation capability were explored in the laboratory using the predatory functional methods. The results showed that the predatory functional response of H. axyridis at different developmental stages were fitted to Holling II equation. The predation capability of H. axyridis adults on C. cedri was stronger than that of larvae. The predation capability of larvae increased with the age of larvae. The daily maximum predation amount of the 1 st-to 4 th-instar larvae and adults on C. cedri were 11.41, 41.32, 61.73, 140.85 and 188.68, respectively. The searching effects of 1 st-to 4 th-instar larvae and adults of H. axyridis on the 4 th instar nymph of C. cedri decreased with the increase of the prey density. The relationship between the searching effect and the prey density was linear(r=0.9758-0.9993). The downward trend of the searching effect of the 2 nd-instar larvae with the increase of the prey density was the greatest but that of the adults was the least. The predation of adults was strongly affected by intraspecific interference. Under the same conditions, where the prey density and prey space were constant, the average daily predation amount per ladybird beetle decreased with the increase of its density, and the relationship was in line with the model A=58.8391 x~(-0.3313). The predation of the ladybird beetle was significantly affected by the temperature. At the temperature range from 15℃ to 35℃, the predation amount of the adults on C. cedri increased firstly and then decreased. The optimum temperature for predation was 25℃. It was indicated that H. axyridis,especially its adults and older larvae, had strong predation capability on C. cedri, while the temperature effect should be considered for the application.
To identify the predation capability of Harmonia axyridis to Cinara cedri, the functional responses of H. axyridis at different developmental stages to the 4 th-instar nymph of C. cedri, the searching effects, intraspecific interferences and the effects of environmental temperature on predation capability were explored in the laboratory using the predatory functional methods. The results showed that the predatory functional response of H. axyridis at different developmental stages were fitted to Holling II equation. The predation capability of H. axyridis adults on C. cedri was stronger than that of larvae. The predation capability of larvae increased with the age of larvae. The daily maximum predation amount of the 1 st-to 4 th-instar larvae and adults on C. cedri were 11.41, 41.32, 61.73, 140.85 and 188.68, respectively. The searching effects of 1 st-to 4 th-instar larvae and adults of H. axyridis on the 4 th instar nymph of C. cedri decreased with the increase of the prey density. The relationship between the searching effect and the prey density was linear(r=0.9758-0.9993). The downward trend of the searching effect of the 2 nd-instar larvae with the increase of the prey density was the greatest but that of the adults was the least. The predation of adults was strongly affected by intraspecific interference. Under the same conditions, where the prey density and prey space were constant, the average daily predation amount per ladybird beetle decreased with the increase of its density, and the relationship was in line with the model A=58.8391 x~(-0.3313). The predation of the ladybird beetle was significantly affected by the temperature. At the temperature range from 15℃ to 35℃, the predation amount of the adults on C. cedri increased firstly and then decreased. The optimum temperature for predation was 25℃. It was indicated that H. axyridis,especially its adults and older larvae, had strong predation capability on C. cedri, while the temperature effect should be considered for the application.
引文
Chen J,Qin QJ,Sun WY,He YZ.2008.Influence of temperature on experimental populations of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas).Journal of Plant Protection,35(5):405-409(in Chinese)[陈洁,秦秋菊,孙文琰,何运转.2008.温度对异色瓢虫实验种群的影响.植物保护学报,35(5):405-409]
Chen P,Wang FZ,Li CC,Wang XM,Ruan CC.2015.Control potential of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)against Aphis craccivora(Koch)by life table technique.Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,37(1):14-19(in Chinese)[陈鹏,王凤珍,李春成,王秀梅,阮长春.2015.以生命表技术评价异色瓢虫对豆蚜的控害潜能.吉林农业大学学报,37(1):14-19]
Du JL,Wu DG,Liu CZ.2015.Study on predation preference of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)and Adonia variegata(Goeze)on red and green color morph pea aphids.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,23(1):102-109(in Chinese)[杜军利,武德功,刘长仲.2015.异色瓢虫和多异瓢虫对两种色型豌豆蚜的捕食偏好研究.中国生态农业学报,23(1):102-109]
Fang YH,Tao M,Ma J,Cao KQ,Chen GH,Li Q.2013.Study of the predation functional responses of Leis axyridis Pallas to Aphis citricol Vander Goot.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,28(3):306-309(in Chinese)[方寅昊,陶玫,马钧,曹克强,陈国华,李强.2013.异色瓢虫对绣线菊蚜捕食功能研究.云南农业大学学报,28(3):306-309]
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Li S,Wang S,Zhao J,Yang LW,Gao XW,Zhang F.2014.Efficacy of multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)against green peach aphid Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)on vegetables under greenhouse conditions.Journal of Plant Protection,41(6):699-704(in Chinese)[李姝,王甦,赵静,杨丽文,高希武,张帆.2014.释放异色瓢虫对北京温室甜椒和圆茄上桃蚜的控害效果.植物保护学报,41(6):699-704]
Li YM,Tan Q,Zhang F,Hong B,Zhang SL,Chen ZJ.2015.The predation functional response of Harmonia axyridis to Myzus persicae in greenhouse.Journal of Environmental Entomology,37(5):1081-1084(in Chinese)[李英梅,谭巧,张锋,洪波,张淑莲,陈志杰.2015.异色瓢虫对设施栽培桃树桃蚜的捕食功能反应研究.环境昆虫学报,37(5):1081-1084]
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Ma YF,Zhang SL,Zhang YQ,Chang CX,Ma H,Zhu HY,Chen XL.2016.Predatory efficiencies of the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis larvae on the aphid Cinara alba nymphs.Plant Protection,42(2):104-108(in Chinese)[马艳芳,张山林,张永强,常承秀,马慧,朱惠英,陈小玲.2016.异色瓢虫幼虫对云南云杉长足大蚜若虫的捕食效应.植物保护,42(2):104-108]
Wang LP,Wang YM,Du JP,Zhang GA.2011.Predation of Amblyseius swirskii on Tetranychus cinnabarinus nymphs.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,27(2):171-175(in Chinese)[王利平,王永模,杜进平,张国安.2011.斯氏钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨若螨的捕食作用.中国生物防治学报,27(2):171-175]
Wang R,Wang S,Qu C,Li JH,Chen ZQ,Zhang F.2016.The predatory functional response and searching effect of Chrysopa pallens larvae to Bemisia tabaci eggs on different host plants.Journal of Plant Protection,43(1):149-154(in Chinese)[王然,王甦,渠成,李济航,陈支芹,张帆.2016.大草蛉幼虫对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱卵的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应.植物保护学报,43(1):149-154]
Wang S,Wu D,Zhang F,Liu CZ.2012.A comparison of predatory function response in different search spaces of a French non-flying form Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)to Aphis carvines.Journal of Environmental Entomology,34(1):80-87(in Chinese)[王甦,吴迪,张帆,刘长仲.2012.异色瓢虫法国种群对豆蚜的捕食效应.环境昆虫学报,34(1):80-87]
Wang SY,Niu YJ,Tang R,Liang NN,Liu TX.2016.Feeding and parasitic functional responses of the parasitoid Aphelinus asychis Walker to green peach aphid Myzus persicae(Sulzer).Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):267-274(in Chinese)[王圣印,牛雨佳,唐睿,梁宁宁,刘同先.2016.短翅蚜小蜂对桃蚜的取食和寄生功能反应.植物保护学报,43(2):267-274]
Wang XD,Liu F,Zhang JH,Yuan XP,Zhao YY.2014.Predation of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus on strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani.Journal of Plant Protection,41(1):19-24(in Chinese)[汪小东,刘峰,张建华,袁秀萍,赵伊英.2014.加州新小绥螨对土耳其斯坦叶螨的捕食作用.植物保护学报,41(1):19-24]
Wang Y,Chen Y,Zhang ZY,Zeng R,Xian JD.2015.Study on preying potential of different stages of nymphs and adults of Harmonia axyridis Pallas on Myzus persicae(Sulzer).Journal of Environmental Entomology,37(5):1075-1080(in Chinese)[王媛,陈越,张拯研,曾嵘,冼继东.2015.不同龄期异色瓢虫对烟蚜的捕食潜能研究.环境昆虫学报,37(5):1075-1080]
Wang YJ,Wu J,Zhao YN,Li RX,Zhao DX.2015.Functional response and searching rate of giant Asian mantis Hierodula patellifera(Serville)nymphs to litchi stink bug Tessaratoma papillosa(Drury)nymphs.Journal of Plant Protection,42(3):310-315(in Chinese)[王玉洁,吴娇,赵怡楠,黎荣欣,赵冬香.2015.广斧螳若虫对荔枝蝽若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应.植物保护学报,42(3):310-315]
Watt KE.1959.A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number of attacked.Canadian Entomologist,91:129-144
Wu KJ,Sheng CF,Gong PY.2004.Equation of predator functional response and estimation of the parameters in it.Entomological Knowledge,41(3):267-269(in Chinese)[吴坤君,盛承发,龚佩瑜.2004.捕食性昆虫的功能反应方程及其参数的估算.昆虫知识,41(3):267-269]
Wu PX,Ma BX,Xu J,He J,Zhang R,Zhang RZ.2017.Predation of Poratrioza sinica Yang&Li by Harmonia axyridis adults.Journal of Plant Protection,44(4):582-588(in Chinese)[巫鹏翔,马宝旭,徐婧,何嘉,张蓉,张润志.2017.异色瓢虫成虫对枸杞木虱的捕食作用.植物保护学报,44(4):582-588]
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Zhu L,Ge ZT,Gong YJ,Shi BC,Wang S,Wei SJ.2015.Effects of temperature on predation of the thrips Echinothrips americanus(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)by the predatory bug Orius sauteri(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae).Journal of Plant Protection,42(2):229-236(in Chinese)[朱亮,葛振泰,宫亚军,石宝才,王甦,魏书军.2015.温度对东亚小花蝽捕食美洲棘蓟马的影响.植物保护学报,42(2):229-236]
Chen P,Wang FZ,Li CC,Wang XM,Ruan CC.2015.Control potential of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)against Aphis craccivora(Koch)by life table technique.Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,37(1):14-19(in Chinese)[陈鹏,王凤珍,李春成,王秀梅,阮长春.2015.以生命表技术评价异色瓢虫对豆蚜的控害潜能.吉林农业大学学报,37(1):14-19]
Du JL,Wu DG,Liu CZ.2015.Study on predation preference of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)and Adonia variegata(Goeze)on red and green color morph pea aphids.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,23(1):102-109(in Chinese)[杜军利,武德功,刘长仲.2015.异色瓢虫和多异瓢虫对两种色型豌豆蚜的捕食偏好研究.中国生态农业学报,23(1):102-109]
Fang YH,Tao M,Ma J,Cao KQ,Chen GH,Li Q.2013.Study of the predation functional responses of Leis axyridis Pallas to Aphis citricol Vander Goot.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,28(3):306-309(in Chinese)[方寅昊,陶玫,马钧,曹克强,陈国华,李强.2013.异色瓢虫对绣线菊蚜捕食功能研究.云南农业大学学报,28(3):306-309]
Hu YS,Wang ZM,Ning CL,Pi ZQ,Gao CQ.1989.The functional response of Harmonia(Leis)axyridis to their prey of Cinara sp.Natrual Enemie of Insects,11(4):164-168(in Chinese)[胡玉山,王志明,宁长林,皮忠庆,高长启.1989.异色瓢虫捕食落叶松大蚜功能反应研究.昆虫天敌,11(4):164-168]
Li S,Wang S,Zhao J,Yang LW,Gao XW,Zhang F.2014.Efficacy of multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)against green peach aphid Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)on vegetables under greenhouse conditions.Journal of Plant Protection,41(6):699-704(in Chinese)[李姝,王甦,赵静,杨丽文,高希武,张帆.2014.释放异色瓢虫对北京温室甜椒和圆茄上桃蚜的控害效果.植物保护学报,41(6):699-704]
Li YM,Tan Q,Zhang F,Hong B,Zhang SL,Chen ZJ.2015.The predation functional response of Harmonia axyridis to Myzus persicae in greenhouse.Journal of Environmental Entomology,37(5):1081-1084(in Chinese)[李英梅,谭巧,张锋,洪波,张淑莲,陈志杰.2015.异色瓢虫对设施栽培桃树桃蚜的捕食功能反应研究.环境昆虫学报,37(5):1081-1084]
Liang HZ,Hu YJ,Chen Q,Hou ZR,Tian HP,Liang XM.2007.Functional responses of Harmonias axyridis preying on Aphis sophoricola.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,23(S):103-106(in Chinese)[梁洪柱,胡雅君,陈倩,侯峥嵘,田会鹏,梁晓梅.2007.异色瓢虫对槐蚜的捕食功能反应.中国生物防治,23(S):103-106]
Ma YF,Zhang SL,Zhang YQ,Chang CX,Ma H,Zhu HY,Chen XL.2016.Predatory efficiencies of the multicolored Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis larvae on the aphid Cinara alba nymphs.Plant Protection,42(2):104-108(in Chinese)[马艳芳,张山林,张永强,常承秀,马慧,朱惠英,陈小玲.2016.异色瓢虫幼虫对云南云杉长足大蚜若虫的捕食效应.植物保护,42(2):104-108]
Wang LP,Wang YM,Du JP,Zhang GA.2011.Predation of Amblyseius swirskii on Tetranychus cinnabarinus nymphs.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,27(2):171-175(in Chinese)[王利平,王永模,杜进平,张国安.2011.斯氏钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨若螨的捕食作用.中国生物防治学报,27(2):171-175]
Wang R,Wang S,Qu C,Li JH,Chen ZQ,Zhang F.2016.The predatory functional response and searching effect of Chrysopa pallens larvae to Bemisia tabaci eggs on different host plants.Journal of Plant Protection,43(1):149-154(in Chinese)[王然,王甦,渠成,李济航,陈支芹,张帆.2016.大草蛉幼虫对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱卵的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应.植物保护学报,43(1):149-154]
Wang S,Wu D,Zhang F,Liu CZ.2012.A comparison of predatory function response in different search spaces of a French non-flying form Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)to Aphis carvines.Journal of Environmental Entomology,34(1):80-87(in Chinese)[王甦,吴迪,张帆,刘长仲.2012.异色瓢虫法国种群对豆蚜的捕食效应.环境昆虫学报,34(1):80-87]
Wang SY,Niu YJ,Tang R,Liang NN,Liu TX.2016.Feeding and parasitic functional responses of the parasitoid Aphelinus asychis Walker to green peach aphid Myzus persicae(Sulzer).Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):267-274(in Chinese)[王圣印,牛雨佳,唐睿,梁宁宁,刘同先.2016.短翅蚜小蜂对桃蚜的取食和寄生功能反应.植物保护学报,43(2):267-274]
Wang XD,Liu F,Zhang JH,Yuan XP,Zhao YY.2014.Predation of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus on strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkestani.Journal of Plant Protection,41(1):19-24(in Chinese)[汪小东,刘峰,张建华,袁秀萍,赵伊英.2014.加州新小绥螨对土耳其斯坦叶螨的捕食作用.植物保护学报,41(1):19-24]
Wang Y,Chen Y,Zhang ZY,Zeng R,Xian JD.2015.Study on preying potential of different stages of nymphs and adults of Harmonia axyridis Pallas on Myzus persicae(Sulzer).Journal of Environmental Entomology,37(5):1075-1080(in Chinese)[王媛,陈越,张拯研,曾嵘,冼继东.2015.不同龄期异色瓢虫对烟蚜的捕食潜能研究.环境昆虫学报,37(5):1075-1080]
Wang YJ,Wu J,Zhao YN,Li RX,Zhao DX.2015.Functional response and searching rate of giant Asian mantis Hierodula patellifera(Serville)nymphs to litchi stink bug Tessaratoma papillosa(Drury)nymphs.Journal of Plant Protection,42(3):310-315(in Chinese)[王玉洁,吴娇,赵怡楠,黎荣欣,赵冬香.2015.广斧螳若虫对荔枝蝽若虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应.植物保护学报,42(3):310-315]
Watt KE.1959.A mathematical model for the effect of densities of attacked and attacking species on the number of attacked.Canadian Entomologist,91:129-144
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