高层框-剪结构建筑的定向爆破拆除
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摘要
在分析周边复杂环境的基础上,针对拟拆除的某13层框-剪结构楼房的特点,确定了单边定向坍塌方案,确定合理的爆破高度和倾倒角度。为了减小爆破的有害效应,在充分保证安全的前提下,对该大楼非承重结构墙体、构件以及承重的楼房电梯井、楼梯间剪力墙进行了部分预拆除。分别设计了柱、剪力墙和梁的爆破参数,并采用优化的爆破网路与安全防护措施,确保了爆破拆除顺利实施。爆破效果表明,预拆除减小了爆破作业工作量,降低了炸药用量,减小了爆破的有害效应,确定的相关参数与防护措施安全有效。
On the basis of analyzing the surrounding complex environment, the unilateral directional collapse scheme was determined for the characteristics of a 13-story frame-sheared structure that was to be demolished, and a reasonable blasting height and dumping angle were determined. In order to reduce the harmful effects of blasting, the pre-treatment method was adopted, and under the premise of ensuring safety, the non-load-bearing structural wall and components of the building and the load-bearing elevator shaft and stairwell shear wall of the building were partially pre-prepared. Blasting parameters of the column, shear wall and beam were designed respectively, and the optimized blasting network and safety protection measures were adopted to ensure the smooth implementation of blasting demolition. Collapse outcome of the building indicated that the pre-disassembly reduces the workload of the blasting operation, reduces the amount of explosives and the harmful effects caused by the blasting operation. The relevant parameters and protective measures determined are safe and effective.
On the basis of analyzing the surrounding complex environment, the unilateral directional collapse scheme was determined for the characteristics of a 13-story frame-sheared structure that was to be demolished, and a reasonable blasting height and dumping angle were determined. In order to reduce the harmful effects of blasting, the pre-treatment method was adopted, and under the premise of ensuring safety, the non-load-bearing structural wall and components of the building and the load-bearing elevator shaft and stairwell shear wall of the building were partially pre-prepared. Blasting parameters of the column, shear wall and beam were designed respectively, and the optimized blasting network and safety protection measures were adopted to ensure the smooth implementation of blasting demolition. Collapse outcome of the building indicated that the pre-disassembly reduces the workload of the blasting operation, reduces the amount of explosives and the harmful effects caused by the blasting operation. The relevant parameters and protective measures determined are safe and effective.
引文
[1] 汪旭光.爆破设计与施工[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2015.
[2] 江云星,陶铁军.预拆除对薄壁双曲型冷却塔爆破拆除的影响[J].工程爆破,2018,24(1):57-62.JIANG Y X,TAO T J.Influence of pre-demolition on blasting demolition of thin wall hyperbolic cooling tower[J].Engineering Blasting,2018,24(1):57-62.
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[7] 葛勇,汪旭光,魏格平.复杂环境下11 层框架楼房拆除爆破[J].工程爆破,2014,20(3):13-15,49.GE Y,WANG X G,WEI G P.Demolition blasting of a 11-storey frame building under complicated environment[J].Engineering Blasting,2014,20(3):13-15,49.
[8] 高文乐,张泽华,苏凯凯,等.多截面承重立柱酒店定向拆除爆破[J].工程爆破,2018,24(2):59-65.GAO W L,ZHANG Z H,SU K K,et al.Directional blasting demolition of hotel with multi-section bearing colum[J].Engineering Blasting,2018,24(2):59-65.
[9] 郑建礼,姜宝金,胡光球,等.全剪力墙结构楼房的定向爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2018,47(3):55-59.ZHENG J L,JIANG B J,HU G Q,et al.Blasting demolition of a building with full shear wall structure[J].Explosive Materials,2018,47(3):55-59.
[10] 汪旭光.爆破手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010.WANG X G.Handbook of blasting [M].Beijing:Me-tallurgical Industry Press,2010.
[11] 于亚伦.工程爆破理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[12] 周应军,陈德志,李本伟,等.复杂环境下75 m高冷却塔爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2013,42(3):53-56.ZHOU Y J,CHEN D Z,LI B W,et al.Blasting demolition of 75 m high cooling tower in complicated environment [J].Explosive Materials,2013,42(3):53-56.
[13] 夏卫国,袁平,武双章,等.复杂环境下两座烟囱交叉定向爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2015,44(1):50-54.XIA W G,YUAN P,WU S Z,et al.Crossed directional blasting of two chimneys under complex surroundings[J].Explosive Materials,2015,44(1):50-54.
[14] 梁锐,刘国军.复杂环境下9层框架楼房切割定向爆破拆除[J].爆破,2012,29(2):80-83.LIANG R,LIU G J.Cutting directional demolition blasting of a 9-layer concrete building under complicated situation[J].Blasting,2012,29(2):80-83.
[15] 谢先启,贾永胜,刘昌邦.复杂环境下11层框架结构楼房控制爆破拆除[J] .爆破,2008,25 (4):36-40.XIE X Q,JIA Y S,LIU C B.Blasting demolition of a 11-storey frame structure building in harsh environment[J].Blasting,2008,25(4):36-40.
[16] 唐启超,龙源,谢兴博,等.框架剪力墙筒状结构大厦爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2014,20(4):15-18.TANG Q C,LONG Y,XIE X B,et al.Blasting demolition of a tubbiness mansion of frame shear structure[J].Engineering Blasting,2014,20(4):15-18.
[17] 言志信,于换小,朱辉.框架结构爆破拆除过程研究[J].爆破,2012,29 (4):19-22,27.YAN Z X,YU H X,ZHU H.Resaerch on explosive delimoliting process of frame structure [J].Blasting,2012,29(4):19-22,27.
[18] 国家安全生产监督管理局.爆破安全规程:GB6722—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB6722—2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.
[2] 江云星,陶铁军.预拆除对薄壁双曲型冷却塔爆破拆除的影响[J].工程爆破,2018,24(1):57-62.JIANG Y X,TAO T J.Influence of pre-demolition on blasting demolition of thin wall hyperbolic cooling tower[J].Engineering Blasting,2018,24(1):57-62.
[3] 齐世福,刘好全,李宾利,等.框剪结构高楼纵向倾倒拆除爆破研究[J].爆破器材,2014,43(3):41-47.QI S F,LIU H Q,LI B L,et al.Blasting study on the lengthwise collapse of a tall building with a frame shear wall structure[J].Explosive Materials,2014,43(3):41-47.
[4] 李本伟,陈德志,张萍,等.180 m高钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破拆除[J].爆破,2011,28(4):57-60,68.LI B W,CHEN D Z,ZHANG P,et al.Demolition of a 180-meter-superheight reinforced concrete chimney by directional blasting [J].Blasting,2011,28(4):57-60,68.
[5] 刘殿书,李胜林.爆破工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.LIU D S,LI S L.Blasting engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[6] 姚显春,姚尧,寄科祥,等,城市复杂环境下90m钢筋砼烟囱的定向爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2017,46(6):53-58.YAO X C,YAO Y,JI K X,et al.Directional blasting demolition of a 90m-high steel-concrete chimney in urban complex environment[J].Explosive Materials,2017,46(6):53-58.
[7] 葛勇,汪旭光,魏格平.复杂环境下11 层框架楼房拆除爆破[J].工程爆破,2014,20(3):13-15,49.GE Y,WANG X G,WEI G P.Demolition blasting of a 11-storey frame building under complicated environment[J].Engineering Blasting,2014,20(3):13-15,49.
[8] 高文乐,张泽华,苏凯凯,等.多截面承重立柱酒店定向拆除爆破[J].工程爆破,2018,24(2):59-65.GAO W L,ZHANG Z H,SU K K,et al.Directional blasting demolition of hotel with multi-section bearing colum[J].Engineering Blasting,2018,24(2):59-65.
[9] 郑建礼,姜宝金,胡光球,等.全剪力墙结构楼房的定向爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2018,47(3):55-59.ZHENG J L,JIANG B J,HU G Q,et al.Blasting demolition of a building with full shear wall structure[J].Explosive Materials,2018,47(3):55-59.
[10] 汪旭光.爆破手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2010.WANG X G.Handbook of blasting [M].Beijing:Me-tallurgical Industry Press,2010.
[11] 于亚伦.工程爆破理论与技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.
[12] 周应军,陈德志,李本伟,等.复杂环境下75 m高冷却塔爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2013,42(3):53-56.ZHOU Y J,CHEN D Z,LI B W,et al.Blasting demolition of 75 m high cooling tower in complicated environment [J].Explosive Materials,2013,42(3):53-56.
[13] 夏卫国,袁平,武双章,等.复杂环境下两座烟囱交叉定向爆破拆除[J].爆破器材,2015,44(1):50-54.XIA W G,YUAN P,WU S Z,et al.Crossed directional blasting of two chimneys under complex surroundings[J].Explosive Materials,2015,44(1):50-54.
[14] 梁锐,刘国军.复杂环境下9层框架楼房切割定向爆破拆除[J].爆破,2012,29(2):80-83.LIANG R,LIU G J.Cutting directional demolition blasting of a 9-layer concrete building under complicated situation[J].Blasting,2012,29(2):80-83.
[15] 谢先启,贾永胜,刘昌邦.复杂环境下11层框架结构楼房控制爆破拆除[J] .爆破,2008,25 (4):36-40.XIE X Q,JIA Y S,LIU C B.Blasting demolition of a 11-storey frame structure building in harsh environment[J].Blasting,2008,25(4):36-40.
[16] 唐启超,龙源,谢兴博,等.框架剪力墙筒状结构大厦爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2014,20(4):15-18.TANG Q C,LONG Y,XIE X B,et al.Blasting demolition of a tubbiness mansion of frame shear structure[J].Engineering Blasting,2014,20(4):15-18.
[17] 言志信,于换小,朱辉.框架结构爆破拆除过程研究[J].爆破,2012,29 (4):19-22,27.YAN Z X,YU H X,ZHU H.Resaerch on explosive delimoliting process of frame structure [J].Blasting,2012,29(4):19-22,27.
[18] 国家安全生产监督管理局.爆破安全规程:GB6722—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB6722—2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.