城市热岛效应增温对环境气温的影响
|
摘要
目的研究城市热岛效应对环境气温的影响。方法选用辽宁中西部地区中小城市及农村(CK)基准气候站1960—2015年的气温资料,采用数理统计学对照分析方法,对中小城市中气温年际变化特征及其城市热岛增温进行量化研究。结果城市气温在20世纪80年代后期存在明显的气候"突变"特征,气温的"突变"主要来自于城市化热岛的影响。对照农村气温变化,城市热岛使年平均气温增高0.65℃,城市热岛效应为147.7%。城市热岛使春、夏、秋、冬四季平均气温分别增高0.41、0.41、0.72、0.80℃,四季城市热岛效应分别为59.4%、256.3%、450.0%和106.7%。在年变化中,城市热岛效应增温最大值在1月份,9月至翌年3月对热岛增温贡献最大。结论气象监测站居于城市内,所测试的气温资料受城市热岛现象的影响,掩盖了自然气候变化的实际情况,造成气温监测结果偏高,致使农业及农业科研、土木建筑、桥涵建设在温度指标运用上受到影响。
Objective To study the influence of urban heat island effect on the ambient temperature. Methods Temperature data from 1960 to 2015 from the small and medium-sized cities and rural(CK) reference climate stations in central and western Liaoning was used to have quantitative study on the interannual variation characteristics of temperature in small and medium-sized cities and its urban heat island warming effect with the statistical comparative analysis method. Results In the late1980 s, the urban air temperature had obvious "abrupt changes" in climate, and the "abrupt changes" in air temperature mainly came from the influence of urbanization heat island. Compared with the rural temperature change, the urban heat island increased the annual average temperature by 0.65 ℃, and the urban heat island effect was 147.7%. Urban heat island increased the average temperature in spring, summer, autumn and winter by 0.41, 0.41, 0.72 and 0.80 ℃ respectively. The urban heat island effect in four seasons was 59.4%, 256.3%, 450.0% and 106.7% respectively. In the annual change, the maximum warming value of urban heat island effect was in January, and the contribution to heat island warming was the greatest from September to March of the following year. Conclusion The meteorological monitoring stations are located in cities. The temperature data tested are affected by the urban heat island phenomenon, which masks the actual situation of natural climate change, resulting in high temperature detection results, thus affecting the application of temperature indicators in agriculture and agricultural scientific research, civil construction and bridge and culvert construction.
Objective To study the influence of urban heat island effect on the ambient temperature. Methods Temperature data from 1960 to 2015 from the small and medium-sized cities and rural(CK) reference climate stations in central and western Liaoning was used to have quantitative study on the interannual variation characteristics of temperature in small and medium-sized cities and its urban heat island warming effect with the statistical comparative analysis method. Results In the late1980 s, the urban air temperature had obvious "abrupt changes" in climate, and the "abrupt changes" in air temperature mainly came from the influence of urbanization heat island. Compared with the rural temperature change, the urban heat island increased the annual average temperature by 0.65 ℃, and the urban heat island effect was 147.7%. Urban heat island increased the average temperature in spring, summer, autumn and winter by 0.41, 0.41, 0.72 and 0.80 ℃ respectively. The urban heat island effect in four seasons was 59.4%, 256.3%, 450.0% and 106.7% respectively. In the annual change, the maximum warming value of urban heat island effect was in January, and the contribution to heat island warming was the greatest from September to March of the following year. Conclusion The meteorological monitoring stations are located in cities. The temperature data tested are affected by the urban heat island phenomenon, which masks the actual situation of natural climate change, resulting in high temperature detection results, thus affecting the application of temperature indicators in agriculture and agricultural scientific research, civil construction and bridge and culvert construction.
引文
[1]任国玉,郭军,徐铭志,等.近50年中国地面气候变化基本特征[J].气象学报. 2005. 63(6):942-956.
[2]张雪芹,孙杨,毛炜峄,等.中国干旱区气温变化对全球变暖的区域响应[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):592-599.
[3]刘德祥,董安祥,邓振镛.中国西北地区气候变暖对农业的影响[J].自然资源学报, 2005, 20(1):119-125.
[4]刘琦,蒋建斌.中国城镇化建设中的问题与对策探析[J].大庆师范学院学报, 2015, 35(1):21-23.
[5]秦大河,罗勇,陈振林.气候变化科学的最新进展——IPCC第四次评估综合报告解析[J].气候变化研究进展, 2007, 3(6):311-314.
[6]郑艳萍,高桂芹,王秀玲.唐山地区近48年农业气候资源变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(20):318-323.
[7]刘星燕,黄山江,苗志成.张家口近48年气温变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(32):288-292.
[8]苏晓丹,张雪萍.黑龙江省近56年气温降水变化特征及突变分析[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(14):205-209.
[9]段春锋,廖启龙,曹雯,等.以高山站为背景研究城市化对气温变化趋势的影响[J].大气科学,2012,36(4):811-822.
[10]但尚铭,但玻,徐辉熙,等.成都市城市演变对热岛效应的影响分析[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(7):180-185.
[11]张一平,李佑荣,彭贵芬,等.昆明城市发展对室内外平均气温影响的研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(3):272-277.
[12]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京.气象出版社, 2007.
[13]周淑贞.上海城市发展对气温的影响[J].地理学报,1983, 38(4):397-405.
[14]陈沈斌,潘莉卿.城市化对北京平均气温的影响[J].地理学报, 1997, 52(1):27-36.
[15]姜晓艳,张文兴,张菁,等.沈阳城市化发展对市区气候影响及根据气候特点进行城市规划的建议[J].环境保护与循环经济, 2008(10):36-40.
[16]安昕,孟鹏,廖国进,等.沈阳市近50a10℃活动积温变化特征分析[J].气象科学, 2011, 31(z1):145-148.
[17]张富荣,尹洪涛,张国林,等.辽宁西部热量资源及霜期变化特征[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(14):183-187.
[2]张雪芹,孙杨,毛炜峄,等.中国干旱区气温变化对全球变暖的区域响应[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(4):592-599.
[3]刘德祥,董安祥,邓振镛.中国西北地区气候变暖对农业的影响[J].自然资源学报, 2005, 20(1):119-125.
[4]刘琦,蒋建斌.中国城镇化建设中的问题与对策探析[J].大庆师范学院学报, 2015, 35(1):21-23.
[5]秦大河,罗勇,陈振林.气候变化科学的最新进展——IPCC第四次评估综合报告解析[J].气候变化研究进展, 2007, 3(6):311-314.
[6]郑艳萍,高桂芹,王秀玲.唐山地区近48年农业气候资源变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(20):318-323.
[7]刘星燕,黄山江,苗志成.张家口近48年气温变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(32):288-292.
[8]苏晓丹,张雪萍.黑龙江省近56年气温降水变化特征及突变分析[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(14):205-209.
[9]段春锋,廖启龙,曹雯,等.以高山站为背景研究城市化对气温变化趋势的影响[J].大气科学,2012,36(4):811-822.
[10]但尚铭,但玻,徐辉熙,等.成都市城市演变对热岛效应的影响分析[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(7):180-185.
[11]张一平,李佑荣,彭贵芬,等.昆明城市发展对室内外平均气温影响的研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(3):272-277.
[12]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京.气象出版社, 2007.
[13]周淑贞.上海城市发展对气温的影响[J].地理学报,1983, 38(4):397-405.
[14]陈沈斌,潘莉卿.城市化对北京平均气温的影响[J].地理学报, 1997, 52(1):27-36.
[15]姜晓艳,张文兴,张菁,等.沈阳城市化发展对市区气候影响及根据气候特点进行城市规划的建议[J].环境保护与循环经济, 2008(10):36-40.
[16]安昕,孟鹏,廖国进,等.沈阳市近50a10℃活动积温变化特征分析[J].气象科学, 2011, 31(z1):145-148.
[17]张富荣,尹洪涛,张国林,等.辽宁西部热量资源及霜期变化特征[J].中国农学通报, 2015, 31(14):183-187.