便携式双视场米散射激光雷达系统的研制
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摘要
基于双视场设计的便携式米散射气溶胶激光雷达克服了传统米散射激光雷达盲区和过渡区大的缺点,实现了盲区和过渡区小于55 m的实际观测结果,这对近地面大气气溶胶的时空演变观测非常有效。详细介绍了该激光雷达样机系统的结构设计、技术参数,介绍了该双视场激光雷达双视场的信号拼接方法,既实现了远场的高信噪比探测,也保证了近场近乎零盲区的探测,可更加有效地应用于大气气溶胶的测量研究。通过与传统高能量的米散射气溶胶激光雷达平行比对,二者相关系数R~2=0.95,拟合的斜率为2.92,截距为0.011 a.u.,具有良好的一致性。通过对该激光雷达进行便携式小型化设计,可以方便可靠地将之集成于车载、机载等走航平台,实现对大气气溶胶的遥感测量。通过在线实验,表明该双视场激光雷达可有效应用于距地面10 km以内的大气气溶胶连续观测。
The transition zone less than 55 m is accomplished in a portable micro pulse(MPL) Lidar system based on the dual field-of-view(FOV) design. This dual FOV lidar system overcomes the traditional deficiency of the Mie-lidars with a wide blind-transition zone which based on the single FOV design due to the geometric-factor effect. The schematic structure and the technical parameters of this dual FOV Lidar system are revealed in this study. The combination method of the two FOVs′ return signals is explored. In this way, not only ensure the effective detection for the far field but also the blind zone to almost zero for the near field detection is squeezed. The parallel comparison with a long-term running traditional Mie Lidar is conducted with a pearson coefficient of 0.98, slop of 2.92 and intercept of 0.11 a.u., which proves the novel performance of this dual FOV Lidar. Due to the portability, it can be easily applied on the vehicle, aircraft, etc. The typical online diurnal variation of vertical aerosol extinction coefficient profiles verifies the effective measurement for the atmospheric aerosol in range of 10 km.
The transition zone less than 55 m is accomplished in a portable micro pulse(MPL) Lidar system based on the dual field-of-view(FOV) design. This dual FOV lidar system overcomes the traditional deficiency of the Mie-lidars with a wide blind-transition zone which based on the single FOV design due to the geometric-factor effect. The schematic structure and the technical parameters of this dual FOV Lidar system are revealed in this study. The combination method of the two FOVs′ return signals is explored. In this way, not only ensure the effective detection for the far field but also the blind zone to almost zero for the near field detection is squeezed. The parallel comparison with a long-term running traditional Mie Lidar is conducted with a pearson coefficient of 0.98, slop of 2.92 and intercept of 0.11 a.u., which proves the novel performance of this dual FOV Lidar. Due to the portability, it can be easily applied on the vehicle, aircraft, etc. The typical online diurnal variation of vertical aerosol extinction coefficient profiles verifies the effective measurement for the atmospheric aerosol in range of 10 km.
引文
[1] 李红旭, 常建华, 朱玲嬿, 等. 基于微脉冲激光雷达的能见度反演算法[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2017, 31(10): 1555-1560.LI H X, CHANG J H, ZHU L Y, et al. Visibility inversion algorithm based on micro pulse lidar [J]. Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017, 31(10): 1555-1560.
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[5] 张天舒, 刘文清, 赵雪松, 等. 北京奥运期间工业污染源颗粒物输送通量的激光雷达监测[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2009, 4(5): 362-367.ZHANG T SH, LIU W Q, ZHAO X S, et al. Particles transport flux monitoring of industrial sources during Beijing Olympic Games by lidar [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2009, 4(5): 362-367.
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[7] 赵培涛, 李伟, 张寅超, 等. 振动拉曼散射信号反演激光雷达几何因子分析[J]. 光学学报, 2010, 30(7): 1938-1944.ZHAO P T, LI W, ZHANG Y CH, et al. Determination of lidar geometric form factor with vibration raman scattering signals [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2010, 30(7): 1938-1944.
[8] CHEN R Q, JIANG Y S, WANG H Y. Calculation method of the overlap factor and its enhancement for airborne lidar [J]. Optics Communications, 2014, 331(22): 181-188.
[9] MEKI K, YAMAGUCHI K, LI X, et al. Range-resolved bistatic imaging lidar for the measurement of the lower atmosphere [J]. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(17): 1318-1320.
[10] BERNES J E, BRONNER S, BECK R, et al. Boundary layer scattering measurements with a charge-coupled device camera lidar [J]. Applied Optics, 2003, 42(15): 2467- 2652.
[11] 陶宗明, 刘东, 麻晓敏, 等. 基于CCD的侧向激光雷达系统研制及探测个例[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(10): 3282-3286.TAO Z M, LIU D, MA X M, et al. Development and case study of side-scatter lidar system based on charge-couled device [J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(10): 3282-3286.
[12] 李建玉, 李多扬, 徐青山, 等. 双筒多视场太阳光度计研制 [J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2013, 34(5): 1022-1028.LI J Y, LI D Y, XU Q SH, et al. Development of binocular multi-FOV sun-photometer [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2013, 34(5): 1022-1028.
[13] 迟如利, 刘博, 钟志庆, 等. 双视场米散射激光雷达探测对流层气溶胶[J]. 光子学报, 2009, 38(9): 2391- 2396.CHI R L, LIU B, ZHONG ZH Q, et al. Dual-FOV Mie lidar observations of tropospheric aerosol [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2009, 38(9): 2391- 2396.
[14] 李俊, 龚威, 毛飞跃, 等. 探测武汉上空大气气溶胶的双视场激光雷达[J]. 光学学报, 2013, 33(12): 1-7.LI J, GONG W, MAO F Y, et al. Dual field of view lidar for observing atmospheric aerosols over Wuhan [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(12): 1-7.
[15] SCHMIDT J, WANDINGER U, MALINKA A. Dual-field-of-view Raman lidar measurements for the retrieval of cloud microphysical properties [J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(11): 2235- 2247.
[16] TAKAMURA T, SASANO Y, HAYASAKA T. Tropospheric aerosol optical properties derived from lidar, sun photometer, and optical particle counter measurements [J]. Applied Optics, 1994, 33(30): 7132-7140.
[17] WEITKAMP C. LIDAR: Range-Resolved Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere [M]. Singapore: Optical Sciences, 2004: 23-33.
[18] COLLIS R. Lidar: A new atmospheric probe [J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1967, 93(398): 553- 555.
[19] KLETT J D. Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns [J]. Applied Optics, 1981, 20(2): 211- 220.
[20] FERNALD F G. Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations-some comments [J]. Applied Optics, 1984, 23(5): 652- 653.
[21] SASANO Y. Tropospheric aerosol extinction coefficient profiles derived from scanning lidar measurements over Tsukuba, Japan, from 1990 to 1993 [J]. Applied Optics, 1996, 35(24): 4941- 4952.
[2] 刘诚, 明海, 王沛, 等. 西藏那曲与北京郊区对流层气溶胶的微脉冲激光雷达测量[J]. 光子学报, 2006, 35(9): 1435-1439.LIU CH, MING H, WANG P, et al. Measurements of the aerosol over Naqu of Tibet and suburb of Beijing by micro pulse lidar (MPL) [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2006, 35(9): 1435-1439.
[3] YAN Q, HUA D X, WANG Y F, et al. Observations of the boundary layer structure and aerosol properties over Xi′an using an eye-safe Mie scattering lidar [J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2013(122): 97-105.
[4] 张婉春, 张莹, 吕阳, 等. 利用激光雷达探测灰霾天气大气边界层高度[J]. 遥感学报, 2013, 17(4): 981-992.ZHANG W CH, ZHANG Y, LV Y, et al. Observation of atmospheric boundary layer height by ground-based lidar during haze days [J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2013, 17(4): 981-992.
[5] 张天舒, 刘文清, 赵雪松, 等. 北京奥运期间工业污染源颗粒物输送通量的激光雷达监测[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 2009, 4(5): 362-367.ZHANG T SH, LIU W Q, ZHAO X S, et al. Particles transport flux monitoring of industrial sources during Beijing Olympic Games by lidar [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics, 2009, 4(5): 362-367.
[6] 伍德侠, 宫正宇, 潘本锋, 等. 颗粒物激光雷达在大气复合污染立体监测中的应用[J]. 中国环境监测, 2015, 31(5): 156-162.WU D X, GONG ZH Y, PAN B F, et al. The applications particulate lidar in the stereo-monitoring for the complex atmospheric pollution [J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2015, 31(5): 156-162.
[7] 赵培涛, 李伟, 张寅超, 等. 振动拉曼散射信号反演激光雷达几何因子分析[J]. 光学学报, 2010, 30(7): 1938-1944.ZHAO P T, LI W, ZHANG Y CH, et al. Determination of lidar geometric form factor with vibration raman scattering signals [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2010, 30(7): 1938-1944.
[8] CHEN R Q, JIANG Y S, WANG H Y. Calculation method of the overlap factor and its enhancement for airborne lidar [J]. Optics Communications, 2014, 331(22): 181-188.
[9] MEKI K, YAMAGUCHI K, LI X, et al. Range-resolved bistatic imaging lidar for the measurement of the lower atmosphere [J]. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(17): 1318-1320.
[10] BERNES J E, BRONNER S, BECK R, et al. Boundary layer scattering measurements with a charge-coupled device camera lidar [J]. Applied Optics, 2003, 42(15): 2467- 2652.
[11] 陶宗明, 刘东, 麻晓敏, 等. 基于CCD的侧向激光雷达系统研制及探测个例[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(10): 3282-3286.TAO Z M, LIU D, MA X M, et al. Development and case study of side-scatter lidar system based on charge-couled device [J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(10): 3282-3286.
[12] 李建玉, 李多扬, 徐青山, 等. 双筒多视场太阳光度计研制 [J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2013, 34(5): 1022-1028.LI J Y, LI D Y, XU Q SH, et al. Development of binocular multi-FOV sun-photometer [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2013, 34(5): 1022-1028.
[13] 迟如利, 刘博, 钟志庆, 等. 双视场米散射激光雷达探测对流层气溶胶[J]. 光子学报, 2009, 38(9): 2391- 2396.CHI R L, LIU B, ZHONG ZH Q, et al. Dual-FOV Mie lidar observations of tropospheric aerosol [J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2009, 38(9): 2391- 2396.
[14] 李俊, 龚威, 毛飞跃, 等. 探测武汉上空大气气溶胶的双视场激光雷达[J]. 光学学报, 2013, 33(12): 1-7.LI J, GONG W, MAO F Y, et al. Dual field of view lidar for observing atmospheric aerosols over Wuhan [J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(12): 1-7.
[15] SCHMIDT J, WANDINGER U, MALINKA A. Dual-field-of-view Raman lidar measurements for the retrieval of cloud microphysical properties [J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(11): 2235- 2247.
[16] TAKAMURA T, SASANO Y, HAYASAKA T. Tropospheric aerosol optical properties derived from lidar, sun photometer, and optical particle counter measurements [J]. Applied Optics, 1994, 33(30): 7132-7140.
[17] WEITKAMP C. LIDAR: Range-Resolved Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere [M]. Singapore: Optical Sciences, 2004: 23-33.
[18] COLLIS R. Lidar: A new atmospheric probe [J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1967, 93(398): 553- 555.
[19] KLETT J D. Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns [J]. Applied Optics, 1981, 20(2): 211- 220.
[20] FERNALD F G. Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations-some comments [J]. Applied Optics, 1984, 23(5): 652- 653.
[21] SASANO Y. Tropospheric aerosol extinction coefficient profiles derived from scanning lidar measurements over Tsukuba, Japan, from 1990 to 1993 [J]. Applied Optics, 1996, 35(24): 4941- 4952.