高分子基材表面用阻燃涂料研究进展
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摘要
高分子基材主要包括纺织整理、塑料和橡胶三大块。在这三大类材料中,纺织整理品的阻燃主要采用表面涂覆阻燃涂层技术,而塑料和橡胶则主要是通过往本体中添加阻燃剂的方式,但通常会造成材料自身力学性能的下降。阻燃涂料作为涂料未来发展的一大趋势,已经在纺织物和部分塑料制品上得到了应用,但是在橡胶元件表面还未见商品化应用,这与橡胶和塑料制品表面性质的显著差异有关。从上述三大领域对高分子基材表面涂料应用展开了论述,并对未来阻燃涂料的发展进行了阐述。
Polymeric materials mainly consist of textile finishings, plastics and rubber. Among these materials, the fire proofing of textile finishings is mainly adopted by introducing the flame retardant coatings technology on its surface. However, for the plastics and rubber, the flame retardancy is still acquired by adding flame retardants agent, generally resulting in deteriorating of their mechanical properties. Flame retardant coatings has been developing one of the future trends in the coating field, and it has also been used in textiles and part of some plastic products, but it has not been commercialized on the rubbers surface yet. This may have been correlated with the distinct discrepancies between rubber surface and plastic surface. In this paper, the research developments of flame-retardant coatings based on polymer substrate in these three fields has been stated and their developing trends also has been clarified.
Polymeric materials mainly consist of textile finishings, plastics and rubber. Among these materials, the fire proofing of textile finishings is mainly adopted by introducing the flame retardant coatings technology on its surface. However, for the plastics and rubber, the flame retardancy is still acquired by adding flame retardants agent, generally resulting in deteriorating of their mechanical properties. Flame retardant coatings has been developing one of the future trends in the coating field, and it has also been used in textiles and part of some plastic products, but it has not been commercialized on the rubbers surface yet. This may have been correlated with the distinct discrepancies between rubber surface and plastic surface. In this paper, the research developments of flame-retardant coatings based on polymer substrate in these three fields has been stated and their developing trends also has been clarified.
引文
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[21]P戈里尼.具有改善的固化性能和防火特性的聚氨酯和多异氰脲酸酯泡沫体:CN102405245[P].2012-04-04.
[22]郝冬梅,陈涛,尹亮,等.一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯硬泡保温材料及其制备方法:CN102675860A[P].2012-09-19.
[23]Tony,Chizen Shawn.Flame retardant coating useful as e.g.flooring,fire protection and rock reinforcing coating,comprises polyurea elastomer,spray processable graphite,graphite stabilizer agent,and flame retardant:WO2010034109[P].2010-04-01.
[24]D金德.具有弹性阻燃涂层的弹性体:CN102239205A[P].2011-11-09.
[25]Shartel B,Beck U,Bahr H,et al.Sub-micrometre coatings as an infrared mirror:a new route to flame retardancy[J].Fire and Materials,2012,36(8):671-677.
[26]Schartel B,Kuhn G,Mix R,et al.Surface controlled fire retardancy of polymers using plasma polymerisation[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2002,287(9):579-582.
[27]Laufer G,Kirkland C,Morgan A B,et al.Intumescent multilayer nanocoating,made with renewable polyelectrolytes,for flame-retardant cotton[J].Biomacromolecules,2012,13(9):2843-2848.
[28]Lu S Y,Hamerton I.Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2002,27(8):1661-1712.
[29]Ghosh S K.Functional coatings by polymer microencapsulation[M].Weinheim:Wiley Blackwell,2006:1-28.
[30]王正洲,章斌,孔清锋,等.阻燃剂微胶囊制备及在聚合物中的应用研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2011,12(27):163-166.
[31]韦思其,陈建武.微胶囊化聚磷酸铵阻燃单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备及性能研究[J].涂料工业,2012,42(7):31-34.
[2]KimY S,Davis R,Cain A A,et al.Development of layerbylayer assembled carbon nanofiber-filled coatings to reduce polyurethane foam flammability[J].Polymer,2011,52(13):2847-2855.
[3]Devaux E,Rochery M,Bourbigot S.Polyurethane/clay and polyurethane/POSS nanocomposites as flame retarded coating for polyester and cotton fabrics[J].Fire and Materials,2002,26(4-5):149-154.
[4]廖阳飞,张旭东.塑料涂料研究进展[J].上海涂料,2008,46(8):14-18.
[5]高原,邢安,殷军港,等.高分子基材料表面改性研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2012,28(6):172-175.
[6]刘登良.塑料橡胶涂料与涂装技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[7]Jimeneza M,Duqueanea S,Bourbigota S.Fire protection of polypropylene and polycarbonate by intumescent coatings[J].Polymers Advanced Technologies,2012,23(1):130-135.
[8]Gallo E,Fan Z,Schartel B,et al.Electrospun nanofiber mats coating-new route to flame retardancy[J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2011,22(7):1205-1210.
[9]王贤明,王华进,刘登良,等.电缆防火涂料的研制[J].中国涂料,2001,33(2):33-36.
[10]Troitzsch J.International Plastics Flammability Handbooks[M].Munchen,Germany:Carl Hanson Verlay,1983.
[11]王明清.橡胶的阻燃技术进展[J].橡胶工业,2004,51(5):309-312.
[12]王锦成,陈月辉.新型聚氨酯防火涂料的阻燃机理[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2004,20(4):168-172.
[13]袁开军,江治,李疏芬,等.聚氨酯的阻燃性机理研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2006,22(5):1-4.
[14]Ma Z L,Zhao W G,Liu Y F,et al.Intumescent polyurethane coatings with reduced flammability based on spirocyclic phosphate-containing polyols[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1997,66(3):471-475.
[15]El-wahab H A,El-fattah M A,El-khalin N A,et al.Synthesis and performance of flame retardant additives based on cyclodiphosph(V)azane of sulfaguanidine,1,3-di-[N/-2-pyrimidinylsulfanilamide]-2,2,2.4,4,4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane and 1,3-di-[N/-2-pyrimidinylsulfanilamide]-2,4-di[aminoacetic acid]-2,4-dichlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane incorporated into polyurethane varnish[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2012,74(3):615-621.
[16]倪健雄.核-壳型聚磷酸铵阻燃剂的制备及其阻燃聚氨酯性能和机理的研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2009.
[17]赵魁敏.微胶囊化聚磷酸铵在聚氨酯弹性体中阻燃及协效性的研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2011.
[18]黄微波,杨宇润,王宝柱,等.阻燃型喷漆聚脲弹性体材料:CN1322786A[P].2001-11-21.
[19]胡源,倪健雄,宋磊.核-壳型聚磷酸铵协同阻燃聚氨酯弹性复合材料及其制法:CN101608060A[P].2009-12-23.
[20]王华进,王丹,赵薇,等.聚脲膨胀型防火涂料及其制备方法和用途:CN102559022A[P].2012-07-11.
[21]P戈里尼.具有改善的固化性能和防火特性的聚氨酯和多异氰脲酸酯泡沫体:CN102405245[P].2012-04-04.
[22]郝冬梅,陈涛,尹亮,等.一种无卤阻燃聚氨酯硬泡保温材料及其制备方法:CN102675860A[P].2012-09-19.
[23]Tony,Chizen Shawn.Flame retardant coating useful as e.g.flooring,fire protection and rock reinforcing coating,comprises polyurea elastomer,spray processable graphite,graphite stabilizer agent,and flame retardant:WO2010034109[P].2010-04-01.
[24]D金德.具有弹性阻燃涂层的弹性体:CN102239205A[P].2011-11-09.
[25]Shartel B,Beck U,Bahr H,et al.Sub-micrometre coatings as an infrared mirror:a new route to flame retardancy[J].Fire and Materials,2012,36(8):671-677.
[26]Schartel B,Kuhn G,Mix R,et al.Surface controlled fire retardancy of polymers using plasma polymerisation[J].Macromolecular Materials and Engineering,2002,287(9):579-582.
[27]Laufer G,Kirkland C,Morgan A B,et al.Intumescent multilayer nanocoating,made with renewable polyelectrolytes,for flame-retardant cotton[J].Biomacromolecules,2012,13(9):2843-2848.
[28]Lu S Y,Hamerton I.Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers[J].Progress in Polymer Science,2002,27(8):1661-1712.
[29]Ghosh S K.Functional coatings by polymer microencapsulation[M].Weinheim:Wiley Blackwell,2006:1-28.
[30]王正洲,章斌,孔清锋,等.阻燃剂微胶囊制备及在聚合物中的应用研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2011,12(27):163-166.
[31]韦思其,陈建武.微胶囊化聚磷酸铵阻燃单组分聚氨酯防水涂料的制备及性能研究[J].涂料工业,2012,42(7):31-34.